双相介质地震勘探纵向分辨率研究
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摘要
利用地震响应分辨地下地质现象的能力,取决于地震记录分辨率的大小,基于双相介质模型研究地震勘探分辨率可以促进油气资源、海洋高分辨率地震勘探技术的应用与开发.基于BISQ双相介质模型,结合相速度与衰减分析,研究了雷克子波在双相介质中传播时纵向分辨率随传播距离的变化.同时,分析了渗透率、黏滞系数、喷射流长度等模型参数变化对于纵向分辨率的影响.研究表明:由于BISQ模型的衰减机制,雷克子波在传播过程中,主频不断向低频端移动,分辨率不断降低;在其他条件相同时,渗透率增加,分辨率相对较高,黏滞系数增加,分辨率相对较低,喷射流长度增加,分辨率相对较低;子波纵向分辨率在传播距离不非常大的情况下,分辨率与传播距离可以近似的作为线性关系处理.
The ability of seismic response to distinguish geologic phenomena depends on the resolution of seismic records.The resolution study in biphasic medium is useful to high resolution oil-gas and ocean seismic exploration technology.Combining the velocity and attenuation analysis,we studied the relationship between seismic exploration resolution and wave propagation length based on the BISQ model.The paper also analyzed the resolution changing in different medium parameter.The study indicates that: with the wave propagation dominant frequency smaller and the resolution is lower;with the permeability higher the resolution is relatively higher,with the coefficient of viscosity higher the resolution is relatively lower,with the jet length higher the resolution is relatively lower when else condition keep invariant.
The ability of seismic response to distinguish geologic phenomena depends on the resolution of seismic records.The resolution study in biphasic medium is useful to high resolution oil-gas and ocean seismic exploration technology.Combining the velocity and attenuation analysis,we studied the relationship between seismic exploration resolution and wave propagation length based on the BISQ model.The paper also analyzed the resolution changing in different medium parameter.The study indicates that: with the wave propagation dominant frequency smaller and the resolution is lower;with the permeability higher the resolution is relatively higher,with the coefficient of viscosity higher the resolution is relatively lower,with the jet length higher the resolution is relatively lower when else condition keep invariant.
引文
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[2]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets.Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[3]Widess M B.Quantifying resolving power of seismic systems.Geophysics,1982,47(8):1160-1173.
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[5]Wu R S,Toksoz M N.Diffraction tomography and multisource holography applied to seismic imaging.Geophysics,1987,52(1):11-25.
[6]Vermeer G J O.Factors affecting spatial resolution.Geophysics,1999,64(3):942-953.
[7]Knapp R W.Vertical resolution of thick beds,thin beds,andthin-bed cyclothems.Geophysics,1990,55(9):1183-1190.
[8]Chen J,Schuster G T.Resolution limits of migrated images.Geophysics,1999,64(4):1046-1053.
[9]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid.I.Low-frequency range.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1956,28(2):168-178.
[10]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid.II.Higher frequency range.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1956,28(2):179-191.
[11]Biot M A.Generalized theory of acoustic propagation in porous dissipative media.Journal of the Acoustical Societyof America,1962,34(9A):1254-1264.
[12]Biot M A.Generalized boundary condition for multiple scatter in acoustic reflection.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1962,44(6):1616-1622.
[13]Dvorkin J,Nur A.Dynamic poroelasticity:A unified model with the squirt and the Biot mechanisms.Geophysics,1993,58(4):524-533.
[14]Dvorkin J,Mavko G,Nur A.Squirt flow in fully saturated rocks.Geophysics,1995,60(1):97-106.
[15]Stoll R D,Bautista E O.Using the Biot theory to establish a baseline geoacoustic model for seafloor sediments.Continental Shelf Research,1998,18(14-15):1839-1857.
[16]Stoll R D.Velocity dispersion in water-saturated granular sediment.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2002,111(2):785-793.
[17]杨顶辉,张中杰,滕吉文等.双相各向异性研究、问题与应用前景.地球物理学进展,2000,15(2):7-21.Yang D H,Zhang Z J,Teng J W,et al.The study of two-phase anisotropy,questions and applied prospects.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2000,15(2):7-21.
[18]李红星,陶春辉,周建平等.双相各向异性介质中波场速度与衰减特征分析.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):457-464.Li H X,Tao C H,Zhou J P,et al.Analysis on velocity and attenuation feature of wavefield in biphase anisotropic medium.OGP(in Chinese),2009,44(4):457-464.
[19]杨顶辉.双相各向异性介质中弹性波方程的有限元解法及波场模拟.地球物理学报,2002,45(4):575-583.Yang D H.Finite element method of the elastic wave equation and wavefield simulation in two-phase anisotropic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(4):575-583.
[20]杨宽德,杨顶辉,王书强.基于Biot-Squirt方程的波场模拟.地球物理学报,2002,45(6):853-860.Yang K D,Yang D H,Wang S Q.Wave-field simulationbased on the Biot-Squirt equation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(6):853-860.
[21]李红星,陶春辉.双相各向异性随机介质伪谱法地震波场特征分析.物理学报,2009,58(4):2836-2842.Li H X,Tao C H.Features analysis of seismic wave field in two-phase anisotropic random medium with the pseudo spectral method.Acta Physica Sinica(in Chinese),2009,58(4):2836-2842.
[22]李红星,陶春辉,周建平等.非胶结含水合物沉积物修正等效介质速度模型及其地震波场特征研究.物理学报,2009,58(11):8083-8093.Li H X,Tao C H,Zhou J P,et al.Modified effective medium modeling and seismic wave field in un-cemented marine sediments with hydrates.Acta Physica Sinica(in Chinese),2009,58(11):8083-8093.
[23]申义庆,杨顶辉.基于BISQ模型的双相介质位移场Green函数.地球物理学报,2004,47(1):101-105.Shen Y Q,Yang D H.The green function of two-phase media BISQ model.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):101-105.
[24]聂建新,杨顶辉,巴晶.含泥质低孔渗各向异性黏弹性介质中的波频散和衰减研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(2):385-392.Nie J X,Yang D H,Ba J.Velocity dispersion and attenuation of waves in low-porosity-permeability anisotropic viscoelastic media with clay.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(2):385-392.
[25]张显文,王德利,王者江等.基于BISQ机制三维双相正交裂隙各向异性介质衰减及频散方位特性研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2452-2459.Zhang X W,Wang D L,Wang Z J,et al.The study on azimuth characteristics of attenuation and dispersion in3D two-phase orthotropic crack medium based on BISQ mechanism.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(10):2452-2459.
[2]Kallweit R S,Wood L C.The limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets.Geophysics,1982,47(7):1035-1046.
[3]Widess M B.Quantifying resolving power of seismic systems.Geophysics,1982,47(8):1160-1173.
[4]Sheriff R E,Geldart L P.Exploration Seismology.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982:152-155.
[5]Wu R S,Toksoz M N.Diffraction tomography and multisource holography applied to seismic imaging.Geophysics,1987,52(1):11-25.
[6]Vermeer G J O.Factors affecting spatial resolution.Geophysics,1999,64(3):942-953.
[7]Knapp R W.Vertical resolution of thick beds,thin beds,andthin-bed cyclothems.Geophysics,1990,55(9):1183-1190.
[8]Chen J,Schuster G T.Resolution limits of migrated images.Geophysics,1999,64(4):1046-1053.
[9]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid.I.Low-frequency range.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1956,28(2):168-178.
[10]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid.II.Higher frequency range.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1956,28(2):179-191.
[11]Biot M A.Generalized theory of acoustic propagation in porous dissipative media.Journal of the Acoustical Societyof America,1962,34(9A):1254-1264.
[12]Biot M A.Generalized boundary condition for multiple scatter in acoustic reflection.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1962,44(6):1616-1622.
[13]Dvorkin J,Nur A.Dynamic poroelasticity:A unified model with the squirt and the Biot mechanisms.Geophysics,1993,58(4):524-533.
[14]Dvorkin J,Mavko G,Nur A.Squirt flow in fully saturated rocks.Geophysics,1995,60(1):97-106.
[15]Stoll R D,Bautista E O.Using the Biot theory to establish a baseline geoacoustic model for seafloor sediments.Continental Shelf Research,1998,18(14-15):1839-1857.
[16]Stoll R D.Velocity dispersion in water-saturated granular sediment.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2002,111(2):785-793.
[17]杨顶辉,张中杰,滕吉文等.双相各向异性研究、问题与应用前景.地球物理学进展,2000,15(2):7-21.Yang D H,Zhang Z J,Teng J W,et al.The study of two-phase anisotropy,questions and applied prospects.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2000,15(2):7-21.
[18]李红星,陶春辉,周建平等.双相各向异性介质中波场速度与衰减特征分析.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(4):457-464.Li H X,Tao C H,Zhou J P,et al.Analysis on velocity and attenuation feature of wavefield in biphase anisotropic medium.OGP(in Chinese),2009,44(4):457-464.
[19]杨顶辉.双相各向异性介质中弹性波方程的有限元解法及波场模拟.地球物理学报,2002,45(4):575-583.Yang D H.Finite element method of the elastic wave equation and wavefield simulation in two-phase anisotropic media.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(4):575-583.
[20]杨宽德,杨顶辉,王书强.基于Biot-Squirt方程的波场模拟.地球物理学报,2002,45(6):853-860.Yang K D,Yang D H,Wang S Q.Wave-field simulationbased on the Biot-Squirt equation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(6):853-860.
[21]李红星,陶春辉.双相各向异性随机介质伪谱法地震波场特征分析.物理学报,2009,58(4):2836-2842.Li H X,Tao C H.Features analysis of seismic wave field in two-phase anisotropic random medium with the pseudo spectral method.Acta Physica Sinica(in Chinese),2009,58(4):2836-2842.
[22]李红星,陶春辉,周建平等.非胶结含水合物沉积物修正等效介质速度模型及其地震波场特征研究.物理学报,2009,58(11):8083-8093.Li H X,Tao C H,Zhou J P,et al.Modified effective medium modeling and seismic wave field in un-cemented marine sediments with hydrates.Acta Physica Sinica(in Chinese),2009,58(11):8083-8093.
[23]申义庆,杨顶辉.基于BISQ模型的双相介质位移场Green函数.地球物理学报,2004,47(1):101-105.Shen Y Q,Yang D H.The green function of two-phase media BISQ model.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):101-105.
[24]聂建新,杨顶辉,巴晶.含泥质低孔渗各向异性黏弹性介质中的波频散和衰减研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(2):385-392.Nie J X,Yang D H,Ba J.Velocity dispersion and attenuation of waves in low-porosity-permeability anisotropic viscoelastic media with clay.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(2):385-392.
[25]张显文,王德利,王者江等.基于BISQ机制三维双相正交裂隙各向异性介质衰减及频散方位特性研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2452-2459.Zhang X W,Wang D L,Wang Z J,et al.The study on azimuth characteristics of attenuation and dispersion in3D two-phase orthotropic crack medium based on BISQ mechanism.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(10):2452-2459.
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