水合物密度的数值计算及储层识别
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摘要
天然气水合物特殊的赋存环境决定着其储层为双相或多相孔隙介质。利用双相孔隙流体介质理论可以充分地考虑介质的结构、流体与固体的特殊性质、局部特性与整体效应的关系,能更准确地描述实际地层结构、地层性质以及地层对地震波的动态响应。根据天然气水合物的固态属性及其赋存地质条件,针对水合物储层构建了双相固体介质的岩石物理模型;提出正向、逆向、双向线性回归密度计算公式。以ODP 164航次991 A、995 A站位为例,基于此模型应用岩石的整体密度信息反演求取水合物和骨架介质的密度参数,水合物密度计算值分布在0.858 2～1.055 6 g/cm3之间;并对所得密度值进行修正计算,得到不同深度域孔隙内介质的密度值,根据计算结果进行了水合物有利储层的识别。为利用岩石物理方法研究水合物提供新的思路。
The occurrence of gas hydrate reservoirs is a special environment that belongs to the multiple phases.The use of two-phase porous medium theory can fully take into account the structure of the medium,the special nature of the fluid and gas that fill the pores among the mineral framework,the relationship between the properties of the parts and the entirety,which can accurately describe the actual stratigraphic structure,the attributes of strata,and the dynamic response of seismic waves in the rock.This study proposed a rock physics model based on the solid property of gas hydrate and the characteristics of the geological conditions,and constructed the equations of forward,reverse and bidirectional linear regression to calculate density.Taking sites of 991 A,995 A in ODP Leg 164 as examples,the densities of gas hydrate and framework were calculated with rock density based on this model.The calculated values of the density of gas hydrates are from 0.858,2 to 1.055,6 g/cm3.After the calculated values were corrected,the framework densities in different depths were derived,and the distribution of favorable hydrate reservoir was identified.This study provides a new rock physics model for the research on gas hydrates.
The occurrence of gas hydrate reservoirs is a special environment that belongs to the multiple phases.The use of two-phase porous medium theory can fully take into account the structure of the medium,the special nature of the fluid and gas that fill the pores among the mineral framework,the relationship between the properties of the parts and the entirety,which can accurately describe the actual stratigraphic structure,the attributes of strata,and the dynamic response of seismic waves in the rock.This study proposed a rock physics model based on the solid property of gas hydrate and the characteristics of the geological conditions,and constructed the equations of forward,reverse and bidirectional linear regression to calculate density.Taking sites of 991 A,995 A in ODP Leg 164 as examples,the densities of gas hydrate and framework were calculated with rock density based on this model.The calculated values of the density of gas hydrates are from 0.858,2 to 1.055,6 g/cm3.After the calculated values were corrected,the framework densities in different depths were derived,and the distribution of favorable hydrate reservoir was identified.This study provides a new rock physics model for the research on gas hydrates.
引文
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[24]Niu B H,SunC Y,Yan GY,etal.Linearnumericalcalculationmethod for obtaining critical point,pore fluid,and frameworkparameters of gas bearing media[J].Applied Geophysics,2009,6(4):319-326.
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[26]刘思思,牛滨华,孙春岩,等.饱水白云岩临界点、骨架和流体弹性参数的数值计算[J].现代地质,2011,25(1):129-136.
[2]Andreassen K,Hogstad K,Berteussen K A.Gas hydrate in thesouthern Barents Sea,indicated by a shallow seismic anomaly[J].First Break,1990,8(6):235-245.
[3]Hyndman R D,Spence G D.A seismic study of methane hydratemarine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1992,97:6683-6698.
[4]Trehu A M,Bohrmann G,Rack F R,et al.Proceedings of theOcean Drilling Program Leg 204,initial reports[R].CollegeStation:Ocean Drilling Program,2003:1-50.
[5]Matsumoto R,Paull C,Wallace P.Gas hydrate on the BlakeRidge and Carolina Rise[R].College Station:Ocean DrillingProgram,1996:1-50.
[6]Ocean Drilling Program,National Science Foundation(U.S.),Joint Oceanographic Institutions Incorporated.Proceedings of theOcean Drilling Program:scientific results[R].College Station:Ocean Drilling Program,1995:1-100.
[7]Holbrook W S,Hoskins H,Wood W T,et al.Methane hydrateand free gas on the Blake Ridge from vertical seismic profiling[J].Science,1996,273:1840-1843.
[8]Paull C K,Matsumoto R.Leg164 overview[M]//Paull C K,Matsumoto R,Wallace P J,et al.Proceedings of the OceanDrilling Program.College Station:Texas A&M University(O-cean Drilling Program),2000:3-10.
[9]Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.The Rock Physics Handbook:Tools for Seismic Analysis in Porous Media[M].London:Cam-bridge University Press,1998:106-160.
[10]陈颙,黄廷芳,刘恩儒.岩石物理学[M].安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社,2009:1-496.
[11]宋海斌,松林修,吴能友,等.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅰ):岩石物性[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(2):118-126.
[12]宋海斌,松林修,杨胜雄,等.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅱ):地震方法[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3):110-118.
[13]马在田,耿建华,董良国,等.海洋天然气水合物的地震识别方法研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(1):1-8.
[14]宋海斌,江为为,张文生,等.天然气水合物的海洋地球物理研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):224-229.
[15]宋海斌.层状介质弹性参数反演研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:98-102.
[16]方银霞,金翔龙,黎明碧.天然气水合物的勘探与开发技术[J].中国海洋平台,2002,17(2):11-15.
[17]宋海斌,张岭,江为为,等.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅲ):似海底反射[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(2):182-187.
[18]孙春岩,黄新武,章明昱,等.天然气水合物及其地球物理识别方法的研究进展[J].现代地质,2003,17(2):195-201.
[19]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华.天然气水合物微观模式及其速度参数估算方法研究[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):191-198.
[20]张光学,黄永样,陈彦邦.海域天然气水合物地震学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003:1-252.
[21]牛滨华,孙春岩,苏新,等.勘查地球化学方法适用于勘查天然气水合物的依据[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):61-66.
[22]牛滨华,孙春岩.半无限空间各向同性黏弹性介质与地震波传播[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:1-221.
[23]牛滨华,孙春岩.半空间均匀各向同性单相固体弹性介质与地震传播[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:1-236.
[24]Niu B H,SunC Y,Yan GY,etal.Linearnumericalcalculationmethod for obtaining critical point,pore fluid,and frameworkparameters of gas bearing media[J].Applied Geophysics,2009,6(4):319-326.
[25]牛滨华,孙晟,孙春岩,等.Biot介质密度参数的容差密度表达[J].现代地质,2007,21(3):551-556.
[26]刘思思,牛滨华,孙春岩,等.饱水白云岩临界点、骨架和流体弹性参数的数值计算[J].现代地质,2011,25(1):129-136.
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