高光谱遥感在断层气监测中的应用讨论
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摘要
空间对地观测研究是近年来国内外地震科学研究发展的重要方向。由于新的观测技术和理论的快速发展,使得高光谱在断层逸出气方面的应用在强震前兆信息分析中有可能发挥重要作用。本文简单介绍了断层气体地面监测和卫星遥感监测方面的应用现状,概述了高光谱遥感的原理、反演方案和方法等。笔者建议运用地面监测和高光谱遥感技术相结合的方法来监测强震前后活动断层逸出气的光谱变化,根据数学算法反演痕量气体组分浓度,最后,结合震例,探讨强震前后断层逸出气体异常变化量与强震的关系,提取断层气体各组分强震前兆信息。利用空间对地观测技术来研究断层逸出气,这样可以全面提高对强震前兆异常信息的空间分析和可靠性判定能力,对全面发展地震监测预报技术具有重要的意义。
The research of space-to-ground observation has been an important development direction of seismological science at home and abroad in recent years.As a result of the rapid development of the new observation technology and theory,the study on hyper-spectra fault gas may play an important role in the analysis of earthquake precursor information for strong earthquake prediction.This paper describes briefly the status of application of ground and satellite monitoring,and summarizes the basic principle of hyper-spectra、inversion scheme and methods.The authors propose to use the combined ground techniques and hyper-spectra remote sensing technology to monitor the change of the active fault gas spectrum,use some inversion scheme to retrieve the concentration of trace gas,and combine earthquake case studies to probe into the relationship between the abnormity of fault gas and strong earthquake,and extract the precursory information of strong earthquakes.Utilizing the technology of space-to-ground observation to study fault gas for strong earthquake prediction,we can make overall improvement in spatial analysis of strong earthquake precursor information and the ability of judging the reliability,and it is of great significance for the comprehensive development of earthquake monitoring and forecasting.
The research of space-to-ground observation has been an important development direction of seismological science at home and abroad in recent years.As a result of the rapid development of the new observation technology and theory,the study on hyper-spectra fault gas may play an important role in the analysis of earthquake precursor information for strong earthquake prediction.This paper describes briefly the status of application of ground and satellite monitoring,and summarizes the basic principle of hyper-spectra、inversion scheme and methods.The authors propose to use the combined ground techniques and hyper-spectra remote sensing technology to monitor the change of the active fault gas spectrum,use some inversion scheme to retrieve the concentration of trace gas,and combine earthquake case studies to probe into the relationship between the abnormity of fault gas and strong earthquake,and extract the precursory information of strong earthquakes.Utilizing the technology of space-to-ground observation to study fault gas for strong earthquake prediction,we can make overall improvement in spatial analysis of strong earthquake precursor information and the ability of judging the reliability,and it is of great significance for the comprehensive development of earthquake monitoring and forecasting.
引文
郭广猛,曹云刚,龚建明.2006.使用MODIS和MOPITT卫星数据监测震前异常.地球科学进展,21(7):695～698.
国家地震局《1976年唐山地震》编辑组.1982.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.
何跟巧,常秋君等.1994.嘉峪关南5.4级地震的断层气体前兆研究.西北地震学报,16(1):46～51.
何跟巧,常秋君等.1990.茫崖和共和地震与断层气动态异常.内陆地震,4(4):367～373.
孔令昌,强祖基.1996.地壳突发性放气与灾害事件的研究.西北地震学报,18(1):42～46.
林元武,王基华,高松升.1998.断层气CO2测定新方法与张北-尚义6.2级地震预报.地震,18(4):353～357.
刘菁华,王祝文,刘树田等.2006.城市活动断裂带的土壤氡、汞气评价方法.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),36(2):295～297.
刘耀炜,阎贤臣,张增等.1989.土壤中微量气体汞与隐伏活动断层关系.西北地震学报,11(1):79～81.
束炯,王强,孙娟.2006.高光谱遥感的应用研究.华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),(4):1～10.
汪成民,李宣瑚.1991.我国断层气测量在地震科学研究中的应用现状.中国地震,7(2):19～30.
姚清林,强祖基,王戈平.2005.青藏高原地震前CO的排放与卫星热红外增温异常.地球物理学进展,20(5):505～510.
袁迎辉,林子瑜.2007.高光谱遥感技术综述.中国水运,7(8):155～157.
曾庆存.1974.大气红外遥感原理.北京:科学出版社.
B.Barret,S.Turquety,D.Hurtmans,et al.2005.Global monoxide vertical distributions from spaceborne high-resolution FTIR nadir measurements.Atmos.Chem,Phus,5,2901～2914.
Bishop C.M..1999.Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition.Clarendon,Oxford,UK,482pp
C.Clerbaux,P.Chazette,J.Hadji-Lazaro,et a1.1998.Remote sensing of CO,CH4,and O3using a space-borne nadir-viewing interferometer.Journal of Geophysical Research,(103):18999～19013.
Cathy Clerbaux,Juliette Hadji-Lazaro,et al.2002.Retrieval of CO from nadir remote-sensing of four differ-ent inversion algorithms.Applied Optics,41(33),7068～7078.
Claudia Spinetti,Veronique Carrere,et al.2008.Carbon dioxide of PuuOo volcanic plume at Kilauea retrievedby AVIRIS hyperspectral data.Remote Sensing of Environment,112:3192～3199.
Clieve D.Rodgers.1990.Characterization and error analysis of profiles retrieved from remote sensing soundingmeasurements.Journal of Geophysical Research(95):5587～5595.
Clive D.Rodgers.2000.Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding:Theory and practice.World Scientific.
Clive D.Rodgers.1976.Retrieval of atmospheric temperature and composition from remoted measurements ofthermal radiation.Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics,14(4):609～633.
Dey S,Sarkar S,et al.2004.Anomalous changes in column water vapor after Gujarat earthquake.Advance inSpace Reaearch,33(3):274～278.
F.Aires,W.B.Rossow,N.A.Scott,et a1.2002.Remote sensing from the infrared atmospheric sounding inter-ferometer instrument1.Compression,denoising and first-guess retrieval algorithml.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,107(22):4619.
Florence Rabier,Nadia Fourrie,Djalil Chafai,et al.2002.Channel selection methods for infrared atmosphericsounding interferometer radiances.Q.J.R.Meteoro1.Soc,(128):1010～1027.
Gerald Wetzel,Herbert Fishcer,Hermann Oelhaf.1995.Remote sensing of trace gases in the mid-infraredspectral region form a nadir view.Applied Optics,34(3):467～479.
Italia De Feis,Alberta M.Lubmno,Guido Masiello,et al.2001.Simultaneous temperature and water vaporprofile from IASI radiances.Proceedings of SPIE.4168:115～119.
Italia De Fies,Alberta M.Lubmno,Guido Masidlo,et al.2002.Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometerperformance for temperature and water vapor retrieva1.Porceedings of SPIE,4359,94～105.
N.Bobrowski,G.Honninger et al.2006.IDOAS:A new monitoring technique to study the2D distribution ofvolcanic gas emissions.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,150:329～338.
Okada Y,Mukai S,et al.2004.Change in atmosphere aerosol parameters after Gujarat earthquake of January26,2001.Advance in Space Reaearch,33(3):254～258.
Pulinets S,Dunajexka M..2007.Spectific variations of air temperature and relative humidity around the time ofMichoacan earthquakeM8.1Sept.19,1985as a possible indicator of interaction between tectonic plates.Tec-tonophysics,431(14):221～230.
Reinhard Beer,Thomas A.Glavich and David M.Rider.2001.Tropospheric emission spectrometer for the earthobserving system's Aura satellite.Applied Optics,40(15):2356～2367.
S.A.Clough,C.P.Rinsland,P.D.Brown,et a1.1995.Retrieval of tropospheric ozone from simulations of na-dir spectral radiances as observed from space.Journal of Geophysical Research,(100):16579～16593.
Tjemakes S.A.,T.Patterson,R.Rizzi,et a1.2003.The ISSWG line-by-line inter-comparison experi-ment.Journal of Quantitative spectroscopy&Radiative Transfer,77,433～453.
Singh R,Dey S,et al.2005.Anomalous increase of chlorophyll concentrations associated with earthquakes.Advance in Space Research,48(1):115～122.
T.Ogawa,H.Shimoda,M.Hayashi,et a1.1994.IMG,interferometer measurement of green house gases fromspace.Adv.Space.Res.,14(1):25～28.
国家地震局《1976年唐山地震》编辑组.1982.一九七六年唐山地震.北京:地震出版社.
何跟巧,常秋君等.1994.嘉峪关南5.4级地震的断层气体前兆研究.西北地震学报,16(1):46～51.
何跟巧,常秋君等.1990.茫崖和共和地震与断层气动态异常.内陆地震,4(4):367～373.
孔令昌,强祖基.1996.地壳突发性放气与灾害事件的研究.西北地震学报,18(1):42～46.
林元武,王基华,高松升.1998.断层气CO2测定新方法与张北-尚义6.2级地震预报.地震,18(4):353～357.
刘菁华,王祝文,刘树田等.2006.城市活动断裂带的土壤氡、汞气评价方法.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),36(2):295～297.
刘耀炜,阎贤臣,张增等.1989.土壤中微量气体汞与隐伏活动断层关系.西北地震学报,11(1):79～81.
束炯,王强,孙娟.2006.高光谱遥感的应用研究.华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),(4):1～10.
汪成民,李宣瑚.1991.我国断层气测量在地震科学研究中的应用现状.中国地震,7(2):19～30.
姚清林,强祖基,王戈平.2005.青藏高原地震前CO的排放与卫星热红外增温异常.地球物理学进展,20(5):505～510.
袁迎辉,林子瑜.2007.高光谱遥感技术综述.中国水运,7(8):155～157.
曾庆存.1974.大气红外遥感原理.北京:科学出版社.
B.Barret,S.Turquety,D.Hurtmans,et al.2005.Global monoxide vertical distributions from spaceborne high-resolution FTIR nadir measurements.Atmos.Chem,Phus,5,2901～2914.
Bishop C.M..1999.Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition.Clarendon,Oxford,UK,482pp
C.Clerbaux,P.Chazette,J.Hadji-Lazaro,et a1.1998.Remote sensing of CO,CH4,and O3using a space-borne nadir-viewing interferometer.Journal of Geophysical Research,(103):18999～19013.
Cathy Clerbaux,Juliette Hadji-Lazaro,et al.2002.Retrieval of CO from nadir remote-sensing of four differ-ent inversion algorithms.Applied Optics,41(33),7068～7078.
Claudia Spinetti,Veronique Carrere,et al.2008.Carbon dioxide of PuuOo volcanic plume at Kilauea retrievedby AVIRIS hyperspectral data.Remote Sensing of Environment,112:3192～3199.
Clieve D.Rodgers.1990.Characterization and error analysis of profiles retrieved from remote sensing soundingmeasurements.Journal of Geophysical Research(95):5587～5595.
Clive D.Rodgers.2000.Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding:Theory and practice.World Scientific.
Clive D.Rodgers.1976.Retrieval of atmospheric temperature and composition from remoted measurements ofthermal radiation.Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics,14(4):609～633.
Dey S,Sarkar S,et al.2004.Anomalous changes in column water vapor after Gujarat earthquake.Advance inSpace Reaearch,33(3):274～278.
F.Aires,W.B.Rossow,N.A.Scott,et a1.2002.Remote sensing from the infrared atmospheric sounding inter-ferometer instrument1.Compression,denoising and first-guess retrieval algorithml.Journal of GeophysicalResearch,107(22):4619.
Florence Rabier,Nadia Fourrie,Djalil Chafai,et al.2002.Channel selection methods for infrared atmosphericsounding interferometer radiances.Q.J.R.Meteoro1.Soc,(128):1010～1027.
Gerald Wetzel,Herbert Fishcer,Hermann Oelhaf.1995.Remote sensing of trace gases in the mid-infraredspectral region form a nadir view.Applied Optics,34(3):467～479.
Italia De Feis,Alberta M.Lubmno,Guido Masiello,et al.2001.Simultaneous temperature and water vaporprofile from IASI radiances.Proceedings of SPIE.4168:115～119.
Italia De Fies,Alberta M.Lubmno,Guido Masidlo,et al.2002.Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometerperformance for temperature and water vapor retrieva1.Porceedings of SPIE,4359,94～105.
N.Bobrowski,G.Honninger et al.2006.IDOAS:A new monitoring technique to study the2D distribution ofvolcanic gas emissions.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,150:329～338.
Okada Y,Mukai S,et al.2004.Change in atmosphere aerosol parameters after Gujarat earthquake of January26,2001.Advance in Space Reaearch,33(3):254～258.
Pulinets S,Dunajexka M..2007.Spectific variations of air temperature and relative humidity around the time ofMichoacan earthquakeM8.1Sept.19,1985as a possible indicator of interaction between tectonic plates.Tec-tonophysics,431(14):221～230.
Reinhard Beer,Thomas A.Glavich and David M.Rider.2001.Tropospheric emission spectrometer for the earthobserving system's Aura satellite.Applied Optics,40(15):2356～2367.
S.A.Clough,C.P.Rinsland,P.D.Brown,et a1.1995.Retrieval of tropospheric ozone from simulations of na-dir spectral radiances as observed from space.Journal of Geophysical Research,(100):16579～16593.
Tjemakes S.A.,T.Patterson,R.Rizzi,et a1.2003.The ISSWG line-by-line inter-comparison experi-ment.Journal of Quantitative spectroscopy&Radiative Transfer,77,433～453.
Singh R,Dey S,et al.2005.Anomalous increase of chlorophyll concentrations associated with earthquakes.Advance in Space Research,48(1):115～122.
T.Ogawa,H.Shimoda,M.Hayashi,et a1.1994.IMG,interferometer measurement of green house gases fromspace.Adv.Space.Res.,14(1):25～28.
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