川东南茅口组缝洞型储层地球物理响应特征及形成机制研究
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摘要
为深入认识川东南茅口组缝洞型储层的地球物理响应特征并分析其形成机制,以钻井、测井资料为基础,采用离散合成记录与地质剖面对比、正演模拟的方法开展茅口组储层地震-地质特征分析,建立了四类缝洞型储层地球物理响应特征并分析了其地质形成机制,指出茅口组上部的波状反射和顶部空白反射反映缝洞体在茅口组上部或顶部发育,为较可靠的含气缝洞体响应;斜亮点可以反映缝洞体存在,但不能证实缝洞体是否被充填,在研究区勘探具有一定有风险;透镜状反射虽然理论上是较为有利的勘探目标,但目前未见钻井钻达,有待下步勘探证实.本次研究建立的四类缝洞体响应特征及地质模型对川东南地区缝洞储层的勘探具有重要的参考价值.
Ancient karst of the Maokou formation is ubiquitous in southeast Sichuan.The reservoir is mainly controlled by fracture development and karstification.In order to better understand geophysical response and formation mechanism of fractured-vuggy reservoir in Maokou formation,the paper based on drilling data and logging data,by way of discrete synthetic seismogram and forward modelling,studied geophysical-geological characteristic of Maokou formation,then established 4 typical geophysical response patterns and analyzed geological model for each pattern.It is pointed out that the undulated seismic reflection in the upper part and blank reflection at the top of Maokou formation indicating well developed fractures and vugs,and such reflections correspond to gas bearing fracture-vug structure;inclined bright spot also indicated fracture-vug structure,while their fill up status is difficult to be testified,and exploration risk is potential;lenticular seismic reflections are favorable exploration targets in theory and still remain to be testified.Study results in this paper can provide good references for exploration of fractured-vuggy reservoir in the studied area.
Ancient karst of the Maokou formation is ubiquitous in southeast Sichuan.The reservoir is mainly controlled by fracture development and karstification.In order to better understand geophysical response and formation mechanism of fractured-vuggy reservoir in Maokou formation,the paper based on drilling data and logging data,by way of discrete synthetic seismogram and forward modelling,studied geophysical-geological characteristic of Maokou formation,then established 4 typical geophysical response patterns and analyzed geological model for each pattern.It is pointed out that the undulated seismic reflection in the upper part and blank reflection at the top of Maokou formation indicating well developed fractures and vugs,and such reflections correspond to gas bearing fracture-vug structure;inclined bright spot also indicated fracture-vug structure,while their fill up status is difficult to be testified,and exploration risk is potential;lenticular seismic reflections are favorable exploration targets in theory and still remain to be testified.Study results in this paper can provide good references for exploration of fractured-vuggy reservoir in the studied area.
引文
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[17]张三元,谢迟初,凡睿.天堂坝地区茅口组岩溶缝洞体储层地震异常识别[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2006,19(6): 10-14. Zhang S Y,Xie C C,Fan R.Identification of seismic abnormality of Karst cave-cleft system in Maokou Formation of heaven flatland area[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum University of Staff and Workers(in Chinese).2006,19(6): 10-14.
[18]张金海,王卫民,赵连锋,等.傅里叶有限差分法三维波动方程正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1854- 1862. Zhang J H,Wang W M,Zhao I.F,et al.Modeling 3-D scalar waves using the Fourier finite-difference method[J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese).2007,50(6):1854- 1862.
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[20]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.基于非均匀各向同性介质的黏弹性波正演数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9):2321- 2327. Yang R H,Chang X,Liu Y K.Viscoelastic wave modeling in heterogeneous and isotropic media[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(9):2321-2327.
[21]Bouchon M,Schultz C A,Toksoz M N.Effect of threedimensional topography on seismic motion[J],Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B3):5835-5864.
[22]田彦灿,王小卫,吕磊.碳酸盐岩缝洞的地震成像方法[A].见:CPS/SEG北京2009国际地球物理会议暨展览论文集[C].北京,2009. Tian Y C,Wang X W,Lu L.Method of Seismic Tomography of Fracture-cavern Carbonate[A].In,CPS/ SEG Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition(in Chinese)[C].Beijing,2009.
[23]Zan D S,Li F L.An integrated study on fractured and cavernous carbonate reservoir prediction-multiattribute optimization discriminate analysis for Tarim Basin[A].In: CPS/SEG北京2009国际地球物理会议暨展览论文集[C].北京,2009.
[24]李宗杰,陈丰,蒋进勇.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的等效孔隙度模型及定量储层建模研究[A].见:CPS/SEG北京2009国际地球物理会议暨展览论文集[C].北京,2009. Li Z J,Chen F,Jiang J Y.The research of porosity model of fracture-cavern carbonate reservoirs and reservoir modeling [A].In:CPS/SEG Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition(in Chinese)[C].Beijing,2009.
[25]朱桂娟,陶庆学,王娟,等.基于最佳时窗刻画技术的河道相储集砂体识别以港西油田为例[J].勘探地球物理进展, 2009,32(3):207-210. Zhu G J,Tao Q X,Wang J,et al.Identification of channel sand reservoirs using best time window description method:a case study in Gangxi oilfield[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,32(3):207~210.
[26]王娟,陈玉林,郭宝玺.三维可视化河道立体解释技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):677-681. Wang J,Chen Y L,Guo B X.3-D visualization interpretation technique of channels[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2005,40(6):677-681.
[27]Ricker N.Wavelet contraction,wavelet expansion and the control of seismic resolution[J],Geophysics,1953,18(4): 769-792.
[28]Peterson R A,Fillippone W R,Coker F B.The synthesis of seismograms from well log data[J].Geophysics,1955,20 (3):516-538.
[2]戴弹申,欧振洲.裂缝圈闭及其勘探方法[J].天然气工业, 1990,10(4):1-6. Dai T S,Ou Z Z.Fracture traps and their exploration method [J].Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),1990,10(4):1-6.
[3]刘仲宣,夏绍文.川西南地区二叠系阳新统有效裂缝分布规律与布井方法探讨[J].天然气工业,1991,11(3):1-7. Liu Z X,Xia S W.Distribution rules of the effective fractures in Yangxin series of Permian in South-west Sichuan and a discussion on the method of location of wells[J].Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),1991,11(3):1-7.
[4]陈立官,王洪辉,陆正元,等.川南地区古岩溶与阳新统天然气局部富集关系的探讨[J].成都地质学院学报(自然科学版),1992,19(4):99-106 Chen L G,Wang H H,Ruan Z Y,et al.Discussion on the relationship between local gas accusation and Paleokarst in the Yangxin Limestones in Southern Sichuan[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science & Technology Edition)(in Chinese),1992,19(4):99-106.
[5]曹刚,李其荣,安辉.川南地区下二叠统茅口组“岩溶型气藏”地震、地质特征探讨[J].天然气地球科学,1999,10(3-4): 76-82. Cao G,Li Q R,An H.The discussion on the seismic and geological features of lower permian in Maokou formation of Karst Gas Reservoir" in South Sichuan[J],Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),1999,10(3-4):76-82.
[6]陆正元,陈立官,王洪辉.四川盆地下二叠统气藏储层模式的再认识[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(1):11-14. Lu Z Y,Chen L G,Wang H H.Reviewing the reservoir model of lower permian gas pools in Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology(in Chinese),1999,20(1):11-14.
[7]陆正元.四川盆地下二叠统高自然伽马溶洞储层[J].石油学报,1999,20(5):24-26. Lu Z Y.The lower Permian Cavity Reservoir with high natural Gamma in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),1999,20(5):24-26.
[8]李昌全.赤水地区碳酸盐缝、洞型气藏地质模型讨论[J].贵州地质,2000,17(2):71-78. Li C Q.A discussion on the geological model of carbonate seam-cavern type gas pool in Chishui Region[J].Guizhou Geology(in Chinese),2000,17(2):71-78.
[9]康沛泉.赤水地区阳新统古岩溶[J].贵州地质,2000,17 (2):92-98. Kang P Q.Fossil Karst of Yangxing Series in Chishui Region [J].Guizhou Geology(in Chinese),2000,17(2):92-98.
[10]陈宗清.四川盆地中二叠统茅口组天然气勘探[J].中国石油勘探,2007,12(5):1-11. Chen Z Q.Exploration for natural gas in Middle Permian Maokou formation of Sichuan Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration(in Chinese),2007,12(5):1-11.
[11]沈金松,苏本玉,郭乃川.裂缝性储层的电各向异性响应特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(11):2903-2912. Shen J S,Su B Y,Guo N C.Study on the anisotropic characteristics of the electric response to fractured reservoir [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(11):2903- 2912.
[12]杜启振,孔丽云,韩世春.裂缝诱导各向异性双孔隙介质波场传播特征[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(4):1049-1058. Du Q Z,Kong L Y,Han S C.Wavefield propagation characteristics in the fracture-induced anisotropic doubleporosity medium[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2009,52(4):1049-1058.
[13]程冰洁,李小凡,徐天吉.含流体裂缝介质中地震波场数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1370-1374. Cheng B J,Li X F,Xu T J.Numerical modeling of the seismic wave-field in cracked media with liquid[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese).2007,22(5):1370-1374.
[14]李其荣,杨孟康,董荣样,等.利用地震资料综合预测川南二叠系阳新统灰岩裂缝圈闭[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,1995, 10(2):9-16. Li Q R,Yang M K,Dong R X,et al.Comprehensive forecast on unconformity traps of South-Sichuan Permian System Yangxin Series Limestone Breaks used earthquakes data[J].Journal of Xiangtan Mining Institute(in Chinese), 1995,10(2):9-16.
[15]彭大钧,叶斌,高如曾.碳酸盐岩含气缝洞系统及其地震波响应模式[J].复式油气田,1996,(2):13-17. Peng D J,Ye B,Gao R Z.The fracturedcave system of carbonate reservoirs and its seismic response model[J]. Multiple Oil-Gas Field(in Chinese),1996.(2):13-17.
[16]何军,王奕.模型正演技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用—以川东南地区茅口组为例[J].江汉石油职工大学学报, 2006,19(2):3-5. He J,Wang Y.Application of forward modeling technique in carbonate reservoir predication -taking Maokou Formation in the Southeastern of Sichuan Province for example[J]. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum University of Staff and Workers(in Chinese),2006,19(2):3-5.
[17]张三元,谢迟初,凡睿.天堂坝地区茅口组岩溶缝洞体储层地震异常识别[J].江汉石油职工大学学报,2006,19(6): 10-14. Zhang S Y,Xie C C,Fan R.Identification of seismic abnormality of Karst cave-cleft system in Maokou Formation of heaven flatland area[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum University of Staff and Workers(in Chinese).2006,19(6): 10-14.
[18]张金海,王卫民,赵连锋,等.傅里叶有限差分法三维波动方程正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1854- 1862. Zhang J H,Wang W M,Zhao I.F,et al.Modeling 3-D scalar waves using the Fourier finite-difference method[J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese).2007,50(6):1854- 1862.
[19]吴永国,贺振华,黄德济.串珠状溶洞模型介质波动方程正演与偏移[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):539-544. Wu Y G,He Z H,Huang D J.Wave equation forward modeling and migration for beads-shaped corroded cave model [J],Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese).2008.23(2): 539-544.
[20]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.基于非均匀各向同性介质的黏弹性波正演数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9):2321- 2327. Yang R H,Chang X,Liu Y K.Viscoelastic wave modeling in heterogeneous and isotropic media[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(9):2321-2327.
[21]Bouchon M,Schultz C A,Toksoz M N.Effect of threedimensional topography on seismic motion[J],Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(B3):5835-5864.
[22]田彦灿,王小卫,吕磊.碳酸盐岩缝洞的地震成像方法[A].见:CPS/SEG北京2009国际地球物理会议暨展览论文集[C].北京,2009. Tian Y C,Wang X W,Lu L.Method of Seismic Tomography of Fracture-cavern Carbonate[A].In,CPS/ SEG Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition(in Chinese)[C].Beijing,2009.
[23]Zan D S,Li F L.An integrated study on fractured and cavernous carbonate reservoir prediction-multiattribute optimization discriminate analysis for Tarim Basin[A].In: CPS/SEG北京2009国际地球物理会议暨展览论文集[C].北京,2009.
[24]李宗杰,陈丰,蒋进勇.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的等效孔隙度模型及定量储层建模研究[A].见:CPS/SEG北京2009国际地球物理会议暨展览论文集[C].北京,2009. Li Z J,Chen F,Jiang J Y.The research of porosity model of fracture-cavern carbonate reservoirs and reservoir modeling [A].In:CPS/SEG Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference & Exposition(in Chinese)[C].Beijing,2009.
[25]朱桂娟,陶庆学,王娟,等.基于最佳时窗刻画技术的河道相储集砂体识别以港西油田为例[J].勘探地球物理进展, 2009,32(3):207-210. Zhu G J,Tao Q X,Wang J,et al.Identification of channel sand reservoirs using best time window description method:a case study in Gangxi oilfield[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,32(3):207~210.
[26]王娟,陈玉林,郭宝玺.三维可视化河道立体解释技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):677-681. Wang J,Chen Y L,Guo B X.3-D visualization interpretation technique of channels[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2005,40(6):677-681.
[27]Ricker N.Wavelet contraction,wavelet expansion and the control of seismic resolution[J],Geophysics,1953,18(4): 769-792.
[28]Peterson R A,Fillippone W R,Coker F B.The synthesis of seismograms from well log data[J].Geophysics,1955,20 (3):516-538.
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