文家沟巨型岩质滑坡高速远程运移特征分析
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摘要
文家沟滑坡是汶川地震诱发的巨型高速远程岩质滑坡,其运移特征尚不明确。在现场调查的基础上,结合遥感解译,进一步深入研究其运移特征。分析得出,滑体自滑源区差异性启动,途经斜坡区铲刮坡表岩土体,随后以滑行、飞行等方式进入沟谷区,沿沟铲刮两岸坡体继续下行,与岸坡发生了5次明显的冲撞,逐步解体碎屑化,于第3次冲撞后开始大规模减速堆积,最终于沟口区停积。结果表明,地形是滑体运移堆积的主控因素,滑体的解体碎屑化和冲撞山体时的爬高、抛摔、越顶现象以及冲击气浪的形成等是高速行程的具体表现,碰撞是导致全程解体碎屑化的主要途径。
Wenjiagou landslide is a giant rockslide with high-speed and long run-out.It was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.But its sliding characteristic is unclear so far.This paper presents a study on the sliding characteristic of this rockslide.It is based on the field investigation and is combined with remote sensing interpretation.The conclusions are as follows: The slip mass started diversity from source area,scraped rock-soil body of slope surface at the slope area,and then glided or flied into Wenjia gully,continued to downslide along the gully,meanwhile scraped the both valley side slopes.The rock mass occurred five times large-scale collisions with the bank slopes,disintegrated into debris gradually.The debris began to slow down and accumulate in large-scale after the third collision.Finally some sediments reached the valley mouth.The results show that,the hilly terrain is the controlling factor of sliding and accumulation of slip mass,climb,toss,overtopping of slip mass when it crashed into a hill.The disintegration into debris of slip mass and the formation of air blast were the concrete manifestation of high-speed travel.The collision was the main way leading to the disintegration of debris in the whole process.
Wenjiagou landslide is a giant rockslide with high-speed and long run-out.It was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.But its sliding characteristic is unclear so far.This paper presents a study on the sliding characteristic of this rockslide.It is based on the field investigation and is combined with remote sensing interpretation.The conclusions are as follows: The slip mass started diversity from source area,scraped rock-soil body of slope surface at the slope area,and then glided or flied into Wenjia gully,continued to downslide along the gully,meanwhile scraped the both valley side slopes.The rock mass occurred five times large-scale collisions with the bank slopes,disintegrated into debris gradually.The debris began to slow down and accumulate in large-scale after the third collision.Finally some sediments reached the valley mouth.The results show that,the hilly terrain is the controlling factor of sliding and accumulation of slip mass,climb,toss,overtopping of slip mass when it crashed into a hill.The disintegration into debris of slip mass and the formation of air blast were the concrete manifestation of high-speed travel.The collision was the main way leading to the disintegration of debris in the whole process.
引文
[1]黄润秋,等.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Huang Runqiu,et al.Geohazard assessment of the Wenchuanearthquake.Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[2]胡广韬,戴鸿麟.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.Hu Guangtao,Dai Hongling.Landslide Dynamics.Beijing:Geolo-gy Press,1995.
[3]王思敬,王效宁.大型高速滑坡的能量分析及其灾害预测[A].全国滑坡学术讨论会滑坡论文选集[C].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989,117~124.Wang Sijing,Wang Xiaoning.Analysis of energy on large-scalehigh speed landslide and their catastrophic prediction.In:SelectedPapers on Landslide[C].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technol-ogy Press,1989,117~124.
[4]刘涌江,胡厚田,赵晓彦.高速滑坡岩体碰撞效应的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2):255~260.Liu Yongjiang,Hu Houtian,Zhao Xiaoyan.Experimental study onimpact effect of high-speed landslide.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25,(2):255~260.
[5]程谦恭,张倬元,黄润秋.高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):72~84.Cheng Qiangong,Zhang Zhuoyuan,Huang Runqiu.Study on dy-namics of rock avalanches:State of the artreport.Journal of Moun-tain Science,2007,25(1):72~84.
[6]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730~741.Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.Basic characteristics andformation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at Daguangbaooccurred during the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of EngineeringGeology,2008,16(6):730~741.
[7]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153~164.Yin Yueping.Rapid and long run-out features of landslides trig-gered by the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geolo-gy,2009,17(2):153~164.
[8]孙萍,张永双,殷跃平,等.东河口滑坡-碎屑流高速远程运移机制探讨[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):737~744.Sun Ping,Zhang Yongshuang,Yin Yueping,et al.Discussion onLong Run-out Sliding Mechanism of Donghekou Landslide-debrisFlow[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(6):737~744.
[9]黄河清,赵其华.汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡-碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(2):168~177.Huang Heqing,Zhao Qihua.Basic characteristics and preliminarymechanism analysis of large scale rockslide-sturzstrom at Wenjia-gou triggered by Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Ge-ology,2010,18(2):168~177.
[10]黄河清.地震诱发滑坡(碎屑流)成因机理及运动学特性初步研究——以文家沟滑坡-碎屑流灾害为例[D].成都理工大学硕士论文,2010.Huang Heqing.Preliminary study on the mechanism and kinemat-ics characteristics of rockslides(sturzstrom)triggereed by earth-quake——Taking the Wenjiagou rockslide-sturzstromas an exam-ple.Master thesis of Chengdu University of Technology,2010.
[11]王涛,石菊松,吴树仁,等.汶川地震触发文家沟高速远程滑坡-碎屑流成因机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):631~644.Wang Tao,Shi Jusong,Wu Shuren,et al.Formation mechanism ofWenjiagou high-speed and long runout debris avalanche triggeredby Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):631~644.
[12]文联勇,等.文家沟泥石流勘查设计书[R].四川省地质工程集团公司,2008.Wen Lianyong,et al.Wenjiagou debis flow survey design report.Sichuan Geological Engineering Group Corporation,2008.
[13]余斌,马煜,吴雨夫.汶川地震后四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流灾害调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):827~836.Yu Bin,Ma Yu,Wu Yufu.Investigation of severe debris flowhaz-ards in Wenjia Gully od Sichuan Province after the Wenchuanearthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):827~836.
[2]胡广韬,戴鸿麟.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.Hu Guangtao,Dai Hongling.Landslide Dynamics.Beijing:Geolo-gy Press,1995.
[3]王思敬,王效宁.大型高速滑坡的能量分析及其灾害预测[A].全国滑坡学术讨论会滑坡论文选集[C].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989,117~124.Wang Sijing,Wang Xiaoning.Analysis of energy on large-scalehigh speed landslide and their catastrophic prediction.In:SelectedPapers on Landslide[C].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technol-ogy Press,1989,117~124.
[4]刘涌江,胡厚田,赵晓彦.高速滑坡岩体碰撞效应的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2):255~260.Liu Yongjiang,Hu Houtian,Zhao Xiaoyan.Experimental study onimpact effect of high-speed landslide.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25,(2):255~260.
[5]程谦恭,张倬元,黄润秋.高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):72~84.Cheng Qiangong,Zhang Zhuoyuan,Huang Runqiu.Study on dy-namics of rock avalanches:State of the artreport.Journal of Moun-tain Science,2007,25(1):72~84.
[6]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730~741.Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.Basic characteristics andformation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at Daguangbaooccurred during the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of EngineeringGeology,2008,16(6):730~741.
[7]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153~164.Yin Yueping.Rapid and long run-out features of landslides trig-gered by the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geolo-gy,2009,17(2):153~164.
[8]孙萍,张永双,殷跃平,等.东河口滑坡-碎屑流高速远程运移机制探讨[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(6):737~744.Sun Ping,Zhang Yongshuang,Yin Yueping,et al.Discussion onLong Run-out Sliding Mechanism of Donghekou Landslide-debrisFlow[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(6):737~744.
[9]黄河清,赵其华.汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡-碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(2):168~177.Huang Heqing,Zhao Qihua.Basic characteristics and preliminarymechanism analysis of large scale rockslide-sturzstrom at Wenjia-gou triggered by Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Ge-ology,2010,18(2):168~177.
[10]黄河清.地震诱发滑坡(碎屑流)成因机理及运动学特性初步研究——以文家沟滑坡-碎屑流灾害为例[D].成都理工大学硕士论文,2010.Huang Heqing.Preliminary study on the mechanism and kinemat-ics characteristics of rockslides(sturzstrom)triggereed by earth-quake——Taking the Wenjiagou rockslide-sturzstromas an exam-ple.Master thesis of Chengdu University of Technology,2010.
[11]王涛,石菊松,吴树仁,等.汶川地震触发文家沟高速远程滑坡-碎屑流成因机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(5):631~644.Wang Tao,Shi Jusong,Wu Shuren,et al.Formation mechanism ofWenjiagou high-speed and long runout debris avalanche triggeredby Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(5):631~644.
[12]文联勇,等.文家沟泥石流勘查设计书[R].四川省地质工程集团公司,2008.Wen Lianyong,et al.Wenjiagou debis flow survey design report.Sichuan Geological Engineering Group Corporation,2008.
[13]余斌,马煜,吴雨夫.汶川地震后四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流灾害调查研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):827~836.Yu Bin,Ma Yu,Wu Yufu.Investigation of severe debris flowhaz-ards in Wenjia Gully od Sichuan Province after the Wenchuanearthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):827~836.
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