震源辐射效率计算的一致性方法
|
摘要
根据能量分配原理。推出计算震源辐射效率的一般性方法,克服了以往计算中由地震断层动摩擦机制不确定性所带来的误差.利用实际地震观测结果,重新计算了在不同动摩擦机制下地震波的辐射效率,并与以往的计算结果进行了对比.结果表明,新的方法可以完全消除以往计算中得到的辐射效率大于1,或者震源破裂能小于0所产生的非物理结论.
Using energy partition principle,we have derived a generalized for- mula for calculating the radiation efficiency,and thus reduced the numerical er- rors involved in the estimation of radiation efficiency caused by the uncertainties owe to the different frictional faulting mechanisms used.Using real seismic data published in previous studies we have recalculated the radiation efficiency with different frictional mechanisms and compared our result with the previous calcu- lation without consideration of frictional mechanism.Our result indicates that, based on the new formula,the radiation efficiency is always less than 1,and the unphysical conclusion of radiation efficiency greater than 1 is avoided complete- ly.
Using energy partition principle,we have derived a generalized for- mula for calculating the radiation efficiency,and thus reduced the numerical er- rors involved in the estimation of radiation efficiency caused by the uncertainties owe to the different frictional faulting mechanisms used.Using real seismic data published in previous studies we have recalculated the radiation efficiency with different frictional mechanisms and compared our result with the previous calcu- lation without consideration of frictional mechanism.Our result indicates that, based on the new formula,the radiation efficiency is always less than 1,and the unphysical conclusion of radiation efficiency greater than 1 is avoided complete- ly.
引文
陈学忠．2005．2001年昆仑山口西8．1级大地震前后震源区应力水平估计[J]．地震学报，27(6)：605-609．
陈学忠．许向彤，翟文杰．2005．1995年7月20日河北沙城M_L4．1地震序列破裂过程中应力变化的研究[J]．地震学报，27(3)：276-281．
许向彤．陈运泰，王培德．1997．怀来盆地构造应力场[J]．地震地磁观测与研究．18(1)：1-8．
许向彤，陈运泰，王培德．1999．1995年7月20日怀来盆地M_L4．1地震的破裂过程[J]．地震学报，21(6)：570-582．
Abercrombie R E,Rice J R.2005.Can observations of earthquake scaling constrain slip weakening?[J].Geophys J Int, 162:406-424.
Andrews D J.2005.Rupture dynamics with energy loss outside the slip zone[J].J Geophys Res,110:B01307,doi: 01310.01029/02004JB003191.
Antolik M,Abercrombie R E,Ekstr(?)m G.2004.The 14 November 2001 Kokoxili(Kunlunshan),Tibet,earthquake: Rupture transfer through a large extensional step-over[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,94:1 173-1 194.
Beeler N M,Wong T F,Hickman S H.2003.On the expected relationships among apparent stress,static stress drop, effective shear fracture energy,and efficiency[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93:1381-1389.
Brune J N.1970.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,75: 4997-5009.
Brune J N.1976.The physics of earthquake strong motion[C]//Lomnitz C,Rosenblueth E eds.Seismic Risk and Engi- neering Decisions.New York:Elasevier:141-177.
Chen X F,Zhang H M.2004.Spontaneous rupture dynamics of a planar fault with arbitrary dipping orientation embed- ded in 3D elastic half-space[J].EOS-Trans AGU,85(47).
Chen X F,Zhang H M.2006.Modelling rupture dynamics of a plannar fault in 3D half-space by boundary integral equa- tion method:An overview[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1631 267-299.
Dahlen F A.1977.The balance of energy in earthquake faulting[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,48:239-261.
Favreau P,Archuleta R.2003.Direct seismic energy modeling and application to the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake [J].Geophys Res Lett,30:1198.doi:1029/2002GL015968.
Housner G W.1955.Properties of strong ground motion[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,45:197-218.
Husseini M I,Randall M.1976.Rupture velocity and radiation efficiency[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,66:1173-1187.
Husseini M I.1977.Energy balance for formation along a fault[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,49:699-714.
Kanamori H,Brodsky E.2004.The physics of earthquakes[J].Reports on Progress in Physics,67:1429-1496.
Kanamori H,Rivera L.2006.Energy partitioning during an earthquake[G]//Abercrombie R,McGarr A,Toro G Di,et al ads.Geophysical Monograph,170.Washington D C:American Geophysical Union:3-13.
Kanamori H.2006.The radiated energy of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake[G]// Abercrombie R,McGarr A, Toro G Di,et al ads.Geophysical Monograph,170.Washington D C:American Geophysical Union:59-68.
Kostrov B V.1974.Seismic moment and energy of earthquakes,and seismic flow of rock[Engl transl][J].Izv Earth Phys,1:23-40.
Lin A,Kikuchi M,Fu B.2003.Rupture segmentation and process of the 2001 M_(?)7.8 Central Kunlun,China,Earth- quake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93:2477-2492.
Orowan E.1960.Mechanism of seismic faulting in rock deformation:A symposium[J].Geol Soc Amer Mem,79: 323-345.
Ozacar A A,Beck S L.2004.The 2002 denali fault and 2001 Kunlun fault earthquakes:Complex rupture processes of two large strike-slip events[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,94:287-292.
Rice J R.2006.Heating and weakening of faults during earthquake slip[J].J Geophys Res,111:B05311,doi:10.1029/ 2005JB004006.
Rice J R,Sammis C G,Parsons R.2005.Off-fault secondary failure induced by a dynamic slip pulse[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,95(1):109-134,doi:10.1785/0120030166.
Rivers L,Kanamori H.2005.Representations of the radiated energy in earthquakes[J].Geophys J Int,162:148-155.
Rudnicki J W,Freund L B.1981.On energy radiation from seismic sources[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,71:583-595.
Savage J C,Wood M D.1971.The relation between apparent stress and stress drop[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,61: 1381-1338.
Venkataraman A,Kanamori H.2004.Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes [J].J Geophys Res,109:B05302,doi:05310.01029/12005JB003644.
Wibberley C A J,Shimamoto T.2005.Earthquake slip weakening and asperities explained by thermal pressurization[J]. Nature,4361 689-692.
Xu L S,Chen Y T.2004.Temporal and spatial rupture process of the great Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of Nov 14,2001,from GDSN long period waveform data[J].Science in China(Ser D),34(3):256-264.
Zhang H M,Chen X F.2006a.Dynamic rupture on a planar fault in three-dimensional half space-Ⅰ.Theory[J].Geo- phys J Int,164(3):633-652.
Zhang H M,Chen X F.2006b.Dynamic rupture on a planar fault in three-dimensional half space-Ⅱ.Validations and nu- merical experiments[J].Geophys J Int,167(2):917-932.
Z(?)iga F R.1993.Fractional overshoot and partial stress drop.Which one?[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,83(3):939-944.
陈学忠．许向彤，翟文杰．2005．1995年7月20日河北沙城M_L4．1地震序列破裂过程中应力变化的研究[J]．地震学报，27(3)：276-281．
许向彤．陈运泰，王培德．1997．怀来盆地构造应力场[J]．地震地磁观测与研究．18(1)：1-8．
许向彤，陈运泰，王培德．1999．1995年7月20日怀来盆地M_L4．1地震的破裂过程[J]．地震学报，21(6)：570-582．
Abercrombie R E,Rice J R.2005.Can observations of earthquake scaling constrain slip weakening?[J].Geophys J Int, 162:406-424.
Andrews D J.2005.Rupture dynamics with energy loss outside the slip zone[J].J Geophys Res,110:B01307,doi: 01310.01029/02004JB003191.
Antolik M,Abercrombie R E,Ekstr(?)m G.2004.The 14 November 2001 Kokoxili(Kunlunshan),Tibet,earthquake: Rupture transfer through a large extensional step-over[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,94:1 173-1 194.
Beeler N M,Wong T F,Hickman S H.2003.On the expected relationships among apparent stress,static stress drop, effective shear fracture energy,and efficiency[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93:1381-1389.
Brune J N.1970.Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,75: 4997-5009.
Brune J N.1976.The physics of earthquake strong motion[C]//Lomnitz C,Rosenblueth E eds.Seismic Risk and Engi- neering Decisions.New York:Elasevier:141-177.
Chen X F,Zhang H M.2004.Spontaneous rupture dynamics of a planar fault with arbitrary dipping orientation embed- ded in 3D elastic half-space[J].EOS-Trans AGU,85(47).
Chen X F,Zhang H M.2006.Modelling rupture dynamics of a plannar fault in 3D half-space by boundary integral equa- tion method:An overview[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1631 267-299.
Dahlen F A.1977.The balance of energy in earthquake faulting[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,48:239-261.
Favreau P,Archuleta R.2003.Direct seismic energy modeling and application to the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake [J].Geophys Res Lett,30:1198.doi:1029/2002GL015968.
Housner G W.1955.Properties of strong ground motion[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,45:197-218.
Husseini M I,Randall M.1976.Rupture velocity and radiation efficiency[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,66:1173-1187.
Husseini M I.1977.Energy balance for formation along a fault[J].Geophys J R astr Soc,49:699-714.
Kanamori H,Brodsky E.2004.The physics of earthquakes[J].Reports on Progress in Physics,67:1429-1496.
Kanamori H,Rivera L.2006.Energy partitioning during an earthquake[G]//Abercrombie R,McGarr A,Toro G Di,et al ads.Geophysical Monograph,170.Washington D C:American Geophysical Union:3-13.
Kanamori H.2006.The radiated energy of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake[G]// Abercrombie R,McGarr A, Toro G Di,et al ads.Geophysical Monograph,170.Washington D C:American Geophysical Union:59-68.
Kostrov B V.1974.Seismic moment and energy of earthquakes,and seismic flow of rock[Engl transl][J].Izv Earth Phys,1:23-40.
Lin A,Kikuchi M,Fu B.2003.Rupture segmentation and process of the 2001 M_(?)7.8 Central Kunlun,China,Earth- quake[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93:2477-2492.
Orowan E.1960.Mechanism of seismic faulting in rock deformation:A symposium[J].Geol Soc Amer Mem,79: 323-345.
Ozacar A A,Beck S L.2004.The 2002 denali fault and 2001 Kunlun fault earthquakes:Complex rupture processes of two large strike-slip events[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,94:287-292.
Rice J R.2006.Heating and weakening of faults during earthquake slip[J].J Geophys Res,111:B05311,doi:10.1029/ 2005JB004006.
Rice J R,Sammis C G,Parsons R.2005.Off-fault secondary failure induced by a dynamic slip pulse[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,95(1):109-134,doi:10.1785/0120030166.
Rivers L,Kanamori H.2005.Representations of the radiated energy in earthquakes[J].Geophys J Int,162:148-155.
Rudnicki J W,Freund L B.1981.On energy radiation from seismic sources[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,71:583-595.
Savage J C,Wood M D.1971.The relation between apparent stress and stress drop[J].Bull Seismol Soc Amer,61: 1381-1338.
Venkataraman A,Kanamori H.2004.Observational constraints on the fracture energy of subduction zone earthquakes [J].J Geophys Res,109:B05302,doi:05310.01029/12005JB003644.
Wibberley C A J,Shimamoto T.2005.Earthquake slip weakening and asperities explained by thermal pressurization[J]. Nature,4361 689-692.
Xu L S,Chen Y T.2004.Temporal and spatial rupture process of the great Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of Nov 14,2001,from GDSN long period waveform data[J].Science in China(Ser D),34(3):256-264.
Zhang H M,Chen X F.2006a.Dynamic rupture on a planar fault in three-dimensional half space-Ⅰ.Theory[J].Geo- phys J Int,164(3):633-652.
Zhang H M,Chen X F.2006b.Dynamic rupture on a planar fault in three-dimensional half space-Ⅱ.Validations and nu- merical experiments[J].Geophys J Int,167(2):917-932.
Z(?)iga F R.1993.Fractional overshoot and partial stress drop.Which one?[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,83(3):939-944.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心