南海北部白云凹陷21Ma深水重力流沉积体系
|
摘要
深水重力流沉积是南海北部陆坡主要的沉积类型,以高分辨率三维地震、钻测井等资料为基础,通过地震资料解释和地质分析,对南海北部白云凹陷21Ma所发育的深水沉积体系进行识别、解释和预测。识别出块体搬运沉积体系、水道堤岸复合体以及朵体3类深水重力流沉积单元。块体搬运沉积体系呈杂乱反射特征,底部发育侵蚀擦痕;水道作为重力流的搬运通道,呈弱振幅U或V形特征;重力流溢流形成的堤岸呈强振幅楔形特征;水道与堤岸构成水道堤岸复合体具有典型的海鸥翼状特征;位于水道前端的朵体表现为强振幅平行—亚平行反射,在平面上具有朵状特征。块体搬运沉积体系逐渐向水道、水道堤岸复合体以及朵体演化的过程中伴随着不同流态的深水重力流之间的相互转化。综合地球物理学、沉积学以及海洋地质学等方法,对南海北部陆坡21Ma开展重力流沉积体系研究,建立深水沉积模式,对研究深水重力流沉积过程具有重要的理论意义。
Deepwater gravity flow deposits are one of the main depositional types on the slope of the northern South China Sea.Based on high-resolution 3D seismic data,drilling data and logging data,and integrated with geophysical date interpretation and geological analysis,we identified,interpreted and forecasted a 21 Ma deepwater depositional system developed in Baiyun sag,northern South China Sea.The results showed that three types of deepwater gravity-flow deposits were identified,i.e.mass-transport,channel-levee complex and lobate deposits.The mass-transport deposit(MTD) has a chaotic seismic reflection with basal erosion scratches.The channel-levee complex deposit is characteristic of a "gull-wing" seismic reflection,of which the former(channel) shows a low-amplitude U-or V-shaped seismic reflection and acts as a main pathway for deepwater gravity-flow deposits,while the latter(levee) formed by the overflow of gravity flow is of a high-amplitude wedge-shaped reflection.A high-amplitude parallel to sub-parallel seismic reflection is interpreted to represent the lobate deposit,which is located in front of the channel and comes in a lobe-like shape on plane.Gradual evolution from the mass-transport deposit to the channel,channel-levee complex or labate deposit is often accompanied with a reciprocal transformation of various flow patterns of deepwater gravity flow.The research integrated geophysics,sedimentology and marine geology with the observation of the 21 Ma deepwater gravity-flow depositional system in Baiyun sag,northern South China Sea to establish a deepwater sedimentary model,which is of the theoretic significance in studying various depositional processes of deepwater gravity flow.
Deepwater gravity flow deposits are one of the main depositional types on the slope of the northern South China Sea.Based on high-resolution 3D seismic data,drilling data and logging data,and integrated with geophysical date interpretation and geological analysis,we identified,interpreted and forecasted a 21 Ma deepwater depositional system developed in Baiyun sag,northern South China Sea.The results showed that three types of deepwater gravity-flow deposits were identified,i.e.mass-transport,channel-levee complex and lobate deposits.The mass-transport deposit(MTD) has a chaotic seismic reflection with basal erosion scratches.The channel-levee complex deposit is characteristic of a "gull-wing" seismic reflection,of which the former(channel) shows a low-amplitude U-or V-shaped seismic reflection and acts as a main pathway for deepwater gravity-flow deposits,while the latter(levee) formed by the overflow of gravity flow is of a high-amplitude wedge-shaped reflection.A high-amplitude parallel to sub-parallel seismic reflection is interpreted to represent the lobate deposit,which is located in front of the channel and comes in a lobe-like shape on plane.Gradual evolution from the mass-transport deposit to the channel,channel-levee complex or labate deposit is often accompanied with a reciprocal transformation of various flow patterns of deepwater gravity flow.The research integrated geophysics,sedimentology and marine geology with the observation of the 21 Ma deepwater gravity-flow depositional system in Baiyun sag,northern South China Sea to establish a deepwater sedimentary model,which is of the theoretic significance in studying various depositional processes of deepwater gravity flow.
引文
[1]Pritchard D,Gladstone C.Reversing buoyancy in turbidity cur-rents:developing a hypothesis for flow transformation and fordeposit facies and architecture[J].Marine and Petroleum Geolo-gy,2009,26(10):1997-2010.
[2]吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):922-930.Wu Shiguo,Qin Yunshan.The research of deepwater deposition-al system in the northern south China sea[J].Acta Sedimento-logica Sinica,2009,27(5):922-930.
[3]吴时国,姚根顺,董冬冬,等.南海北部陆坡大型气田区天然气水合物的成藏地质构造特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):324-328.Wu Shiguo,Yao Genshun,Dong Dongdong,et al.Geologicalstructures for forming gas hydrate reservoir in the huge deepwa-ter gas field of the northern South China sea[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2008,29(3):324-328.
[4]李磊,王英民,张莲美,等.尼日尔三角洲下陆坡限定性重力流沉积过程及响应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(11):1591-1597.Li Lei,Wang Yingmin,Zhang Lianmei,et al.Confined gravity flowsedimentary process and its impact on the lower continental slope,Ni-ger Delta[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2010,53(8):1169-1175.
[5]Cross N E,Cunningham A,Cook R J,et al.Three-dimensionalseismic geomorphology of a deep-water slope channel system:the sequeoia field,offshore west Nile Delta,Egypt[J].AAPGBulletin,2009,93(81):1063-1086.
[6]Dunlap D B,Wood L J,Weisenberger C,et al.Seismic geomor-phology of offshore Moroccl’s east margin,Safi Haute Mer area[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(5):615-642.
[7]朱伟林.南海北部深水区油气地质特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):521-527.Zhu Weilin.Petroleum geology in deepwater area of northerncontinental margin in South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):521-527.
[8]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世—中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):234-242.Liu Baojun,Pang Xiong,Yan Chengzhi,et al.Evolution of the O-ligocene-Miocene shelf slope-break zone in the Baiyun deep-waterarea of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance in oil-gasexploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):234-242.
[9]彭大钧,庞雄,黄先律,等.南海珠江深水扇系统的形成模式[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):7-11.Peng Dajun,Pang Xiong,Huang Xianlü,et al.Depositional modelof Pearl River deep-water fan system in South China Sea[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):7-11.
[10]王昌勇,郑荣才,高博禹,等.珠江口盆地荔湾井区珠江组深水扇沉积特征[J].中国地质,2010,37(6):1628-1637.Wang Changyong,Zheng Rongcai,Gao Boyu,et al.Deepwaterfan sedimentary characteristics of Zhujiang Formation in Liwanarea of Zhujiang River mouth basin[J].Geology in China,2010,37(6):1628-1637.
[11]张功成.南海北部陆坡深水区构造演化及其特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):528-533.Zhang Gongcheng.Tectonic evolution of deepwater area ofnorthern continental margin in South China Sea[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2010,31(4):528-533.
[12]孙龙涛,周蒂,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷断裂构造特征及其活动期次[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27(2):25-31.Sun Longtao,Zhou Di,Chen Changmin,et al.Fault structure andevolution of Baiyun sag in Zhujiang river mouth basin[J].Journalof Tropical Oceanography,2008,27(2):25-31.
[13]庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统—中新统重大地质事件及其意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):145-150.Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Shao Lei,et al.Baiyun movement,agreat tectonic event on the Oligocene—Miocene boundary in thenorthern south China Sea and its implications[J].Geological Re-view,2007,53(2):145-150.
[14]Weimer P,Slatt R M.Introduction to deepwater systems[G]∥Weimer P,Slatt R M.Introduction to the petroleum geology ofdeepwater settings.Tulsa:AAPG and Datapages,2007:149-170.
[15]王海荣,王英民,邱燕,等.深水环境多级地貌坡折控制下的重力流动力学的演变[J].地质学报,2009,83(6):812-819.Wang Hairong,Wang Yingmin,Qiu Yan,et al.The control of themultiple geomorphologic breaks of evolution of gravity flow dy-namics in deep-water environment[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(6):812-819.
[16]Sun Q L,Wu S G,Ludmann T,et al.Geophysical evidence forcyclic sediment deposition on the southern slope of Qiongdong-nan Basin,South China Sea[J].Marine Geophysical Research,2011,32(3):415-428.
[17]Garziglia S.Mass-transport deposits on the Rosetta province(NW Nile deep-sea turbidite system,Egyptian margin):charac-teristics,distribution,and potential causal processes[J].MarineGeology,2008,250(3/4):180-198.
[18]Sawyer D E,Flemings P B,Shipp R C et al.Seismic geomorphol-ogy,lithology,and evolution of the late Pleistocene Mars-Ursaturbidite region,Mississippi canyon area,northern gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(2):215-234.
[19]李磊,王英民,张莲美,等.块体搬运复合体的识别、演化及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):76-82.Li Lei,Wang Yingmin,Zhang Lianmei,et al.Identification and evolu-tion of mass transport complexes and its significance for oil and gasexploration[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(1):76-82.
[20]Pratson L F,Imran J,Parker G,et al.Debris flows vs.turbiditycurrents:a modeling comparison of their dynamics and deposits[G]∥Bouma A H,Stone C G,ed.Fine-grained turbidite sys-tems.Tulsa:AAPG and SEPM,2000:57-72.
[21]Dykstra M,Kneller B,Szuman M,et al.Mass-transport deposits:combining outcrop studies and seismic forward modeling to un-derstand lithofacies distributions,deformation,and their seismicexpression[G]∥Shipp R C,Weimer P,Posamentier H W.Mass-transport deposits in deepwater settings.Tulsa:SEPM,2011:293-310.
[22]Mohrig D,Buttles J.Deep turbidity currents in shallow channels[J].Geology,2007,35(2):155-158.
[23]Galloway W E.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositionalsystems:component facies,stratigraphic architecture,and classi-fication[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(4):569-595.
[24]Macdonald H A,Peakall J,Wignall P B,et al.Sedimentation indeep-sea lobe-elements:implications for the origin of thickening-upward sequences[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2011,168:319-331.
[25]Kneller B,Branney M J.Sustained high density turbidity currentsand the deposition of thick massive sands[J].Sedimentology,1995,42(1):29-46.
[26]Marr J,Harff P,Shanmugam G,et al.Experiments on subaque-ous sandy debris flows:the role of clay and water content in flowdynamics and depositional structures[J].Geological Society A-merica Bulletin,2001,113(11):1377-1386.
[27]Mohrig D,Marr J G.Constraining the efficiency of turbidity-cur-rent generation from submarine debris flows and slides using la-boratory experiments[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:883-899.
[28]Drinkwater N J,Pickering K T.Architectural elements in a high-continuity sand-prone turbidite system,late Precambrian Kongs-fjord Formation,northern Norway:application to hydrocarbonreservoir characterization[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(10):1731-1757.
[29]Haughton P D W,Barker S P,McCaffrey W D.Linked debritesin sand-rich turbidite systems-origin and significance[J].Sedim-entology,2003,50(3):459-482.
[30]Remacha E,Fernandez L P.High-resolution correlation patterns inthe turbidite systems of the Hecho Group(South-Central Pyrenees,Spain)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:711-726.
[2]吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):922-930.Wu Shiguo,Qin Yunshan.The research of deepwater deposition-al system in the northern south China sea[J].Acta Sedimento-logica Sinica,2009,27(5):922-930.
[3]吴时国,姚根顺,董冬冬,等.南海北部陆坡大型气田区天然气水合物的成藏地质构造特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):324-328.Wu Shiguo,Yao Genshun,Dong Dongdong,et al.Geologicalstructures for forming gas hydrate reservoir in the huge deepwa-ter gas field of the northern South China sea[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2008,29(3):324-328.
[4]李磊,王英民,张莲美,等.尼日尔三角洲下陆坡限定性重力流沉积过程及响应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(11):1591-1597.Li Lei,Wang Yingmin,Zhang Lianmei,et al.Confined gravity flowsedimentary process and its impact on the lower continental slope,Ni-ger Delta[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2010,53(8):1169-1175.
[5]Cross N E,Cunningham A,Cook R J,et al.Three-dimensionalseismic geomorphology of a deep-water slope channel system:the sequeoia field,offshore west Nile Delta,Egypt[J].AAPGBulletin,2009,93(81):1063-1086.
[6]Dunlap D B,Wood L J,Weisenberger C,et al.Seismic geomor-phology of offshore Moroccl’s east margin,Safi Haute Mer area[J].AAPG Bulletin,2010,94(5):615-642.
[7]朱伟林.南海北部深水区油气地质特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):521-527.Zhu Weilin.Petroleum geology in deepwater area of northerncontinental margin in South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):521-527.
[8]柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,等.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世—中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):234-242.Liu Baojun,Pang Xiong,Yan Chengzhi,et al.Evolution of the O-ligocene-Miocene shelf slope-break zone in the Baiyun deep-waterarea of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its significance in oil-gasexploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):234-242.
[9]彭大钧,庞雄,黄先律,等.南海珠江深水扇系统的形成模式[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):7-11.Peng Dajun,Pang Xiong,Huang Xianlü,et al.Depositional modelof Pearl River deep-water fan system in South China Sea[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):7-11.
[10]王昌勇,郑荣才,高博禹,等.珠江口盆地荔湾井区珠江组深水扇沉积特征[J].中国地质,2010,37(6):1628-1637.Wang Changyong,Zheng Rongcai,Gao Boyu,et al.Deepwaterfan sedimentary characteristics of Zhujiang Formation in Liwanarea of Zhujiang River mouth basin[J].Geology in China,2010,37(6):1628-1637.
[11]张功成.南海北部陆坡深水区构造演化及其特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):528-533.Zhang Gongcheng.Tectonic evolution of deepwater area ofnorthern continental margin in South China Sea[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2010,31(4):528-533.
[12]孙龙涛,周蒂,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷断裂构造特征及其活动期次[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27(2):25-31.Sun Longtao,Zhou Di,Chen Changmin,et al.Fault structure andevolution of Baiyun sag in Zhujiang river mouth basin[J].Journalof Tropical Oceanography,2008,27(2):25-31.
[13]庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,等.白云运动:南海北部渐新统—中新统重大地质事件及其意义[J].地质论评,2007,53(2):145-150.Pang Xiong,Chen Changmin,Shao Lei,et al.Baiyun movement,agreat tectonic event on the Oligocene—Miocene boundary in thenorthern south China Sea and its implications[J].Geological Re-view,2007,53(2):145-150.
[14]Weimer P,Slatt R M.Introduction to deepwater systems[G]∥Weimer P,Slatt R M.Introduction to the petroleum geology ofdeepwater settings.Tulsa:AAPG and Datapages,2007:149-170.
[15]王海荣,王英民,邱燕,等.深水环境多级地貌坡折控制下的重力流动力学的演变[J].地质学报,2009,83(6):812-819.Wang Hairong,Wang Yingmin,Qiu Yan,et al.The control of themultiple geomorphologic breaks of evolution of gravity flow dy-namics in deep-water environment[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(6):812-819.
[16]Sun Q L,Wu S G,Ludmann T,et al.Geophysical evidence forcyclic sediment deposition on the southern slope of Qiongdong-nan Basin,South China Sea[J].Marine Geophysical Research,2011,32(3):415-428.
[17]Garziglia S.Mass-transport deposits on the Rosetta province(NW Nile deep-sea turbidite system,Egyptian margin):charac-teristics,distribution,and potential causal processes[J].MarineGeology,2008,250(3/4):180-198.
[18]Sawyer D E,Flemings P B,Shipp R C et al.Seismic geomorphol-ogy,lithology,and evolution of the late Pleistocene Mars-Ursaturbidite region,Mississippi canyon area,northern gulf of Mexico[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(2):215-234.
[19]李磊,王英民,张莲美,等.块体搬运复合体的识别、演化及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):76-82.Li Lei,Wang Yingmin,Zhang Lianmei,et al.Identification and evolu-tion of mass transport complexes and its significance for oil and gasexploration[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(1):76-82.
[20]Pratson L F,Imran J,Parker G,et al.Debris flows vs.turbiditycurrents:a modeling comparison of their dynamics and deposits[G]∥Bouma A H,Stone C G,ed.Fine-grained turbidite sys-tems.Tulsa:AAPG and SEPM,2000:57-72.
[21]Dykstra M,Kneller B,Szuman M,et al.Mass-transport deposits:combining outcrop studies and seismic forward modeling to un-derstand lithofacies distributions,deformation,and their seismicexpression[G]∥Shipp R C,Weimer P,Posamentier H W.Mass-transport deposits in deepwater settings.Tulsa:SEPM,2011:293-310.
[22]Mohrig D,Buttles J.Deep turbidity currents in shallow channels[J].Geology,2007,35(2):155-158.
[23]Galloway W E.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositionalsystems:component facies,stratigraphic architecture,and classi-fication[J].AAPG Bulletin,1998,82(4):569-595.
[24]Macdonald H A,Peakall J,Wignall P B,et al.Sedimentation indeep-sea lobe-elements:implications for the origin of thickening-upward sequences[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2011,168:319-331.
[25]Kneller B,Branney M J.Sustained high density turbidity currentsand the deposition of thick massive sands[J].Sedimentology,1995,42(1):29-46.
[26]Marr J,Harff P,Shanmugam G,et al.Experiments on subaque-ous sandy debris flows:the role of clay and water content in flowdynamics and depositional structures[J].Geological Society A-merica Bulletin,2001,113(11):1377-1386.
[27]Mohrig D,Marr J G.Constraining the efficiency of turbidity-cur-rent generation from submarine debris flows and slides using la-boratory experiments[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:883-899.
[28]Drinkwater N J,Pickering K T.Architectural elements in a high-continuity sand-prone turbidite system,late Precambrian Kongs-fjord Formation,northern Norway:application to hydrocarbonreservoir characterization[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(10):1731-1757.
[29]Haughton P D W,Barker S P,McCaffrey W D.Linked debritesin sand-rich turbidite systems-origin and significance[J].Sedim-entology,2003,50(3):459-482.
[30]Remacha E,Fernandez L P.High-resolution correlation patterns inthe turbidite systems of the Hecho Group(South-Central Pyrenees,Spain)[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:711-726.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心