塔里木盆地塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组深部优质岩溶储层的形成与分布
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摘要
塔中地区是塔里木盆地的重点勘探区域,奥陶系鹰山组蕴藏了丰富的油气资源。鹰山组发育大套台地相碳酸盐岩,以高能相的台内滩沉积为主。鹰山组埋藏较深,但岩溶储层呈大面积厚层状分布。早奥陶世塔中I号断裂使得塔中隆起隆升并遭受强烈剥蚀形成下奥陶统鹰山组顶部风化壳,以孔洞型和裂缝-孔洞型储层为主。通过古地貌恢复、地震属性分析和地震测井联合波阻抗反演技术和方法识别溶洞发育带和断层裂缝发育带,确定出有利储层的分布范围。研究认为,岩性岩相是岩溶型储层发育的重要基础,层间岩溶控制了储层的成层性和横向展布规模,断裂和裂缝网络是岩溶水的主要渗滤通道,埋藏岩溶形成大量有效的缝洞空间,极大地提高了储集性能。研究发现,优质储层主要分布在鹰山组顶面以下120m地层厚度范围内,横向有一定连通性,在断层、构造裂缝和溶蚀作用下形成统一的储集体,呈准层状展布。
Tazhong is one key exploration area in Tarim basin because the Ordovician Yingshan Formation hosts abundant oil and gas resources. There are a large set of platform facies carbonate rocks developed in the Yingshan Fm., dominated by highe-nergy deposition. The Yingshan is buried deeply, but karst reservoir occurs as thick layers distributing in a large area. Early Ordovician fracture Tazhong I resulted in uplift of the Tazhong uplift and was subjected to intense erosion to form a weathering crust at top of the Lower Ordovician Yingshan Fm. The reservoirs is dominated by vuggy and fracture-vuggy type. The paleo-landscape restoration, seismic attribute analysis, seismic acoustic impedance inversion joint logging techniques and methods were employed to identify cave development zone and the fault fracture zone to determine the scope of the distribution of favorable reservoirs. Studies suggest that lithology and petrography is the important basis for development of karst-type reservoir. Interlayer karst controls lamination and distribution scale of reservoir and faulting and fracture are major permeability channel. Hidden karst forms a large amount of available fractured-vuggy space, which greatly improves reservoir properties. The study found that high-quality reservoirs are distributed mainly with the zone between top and 120 m below and form a quasi-layer reservoir with a certain horizontal connectivity linked by faults, structural fissures and dissolution.
Tazhong is one key exploration area in Tarim basin because the Ordovician Yingshan Formation hosts abundant oil and gas resources. There are a large set of platform facies carbonate rocks developed in the Yingshan Fm., dominated by highe-nergy deposition. The Yingshan is buried deeply, but karst reservoir occurs as thick layers distributing in a large area. Early Ordovician fracture Tazhong I resulted in uplift of the Tazhong uplift and was subjected to intense erosion to form a weathering crust at top of the Lower Ordovician Yingshan Fm. The reservoirs is dominated by vuggy and fracture-vuggy type. The paleo-landscape restoration, seismic attribute analysis, seismic acoustic impedance inversion joint logging techniques and methods were employed to identify cave development zone and the fault fracture zone to determine the scope of the distribution of favorable reservoirs. Studies suggest that lithology and petrography is the important basis for development of karst-type reservoir. Interlayer karst controls lamination and distribution scale of reservoir and faulting and fracture are major permeability channel. Hidden karst forms a large amount of available fractured-vuggy space, which greatly improves reservoir properties. The study found that high-quality reservoirs are distributed mainly with the zone between top and 120 m below and form a quasi-layer reservoir with a certain horizontal connectivity linked by faults, structural fissures and dissolution.
引文
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何君,韩剑发,潘文庆.2007.轮南古隆起奥陶系潜山油气成藏机理.石油学报,28(2):44～48.
黄思静,佟宏鹏,刘丽红,等.2009.川东北飞仙关组白云岩的主要类型、地球化学特征和白云化机制.岩石学报,25(10):2363～2372.
姜乃煌,朱光有,张水昌,王政军.2007.塔里木盆地塔中83井原油中检测出2-硫代金刚烷及其地质意义.科学通报,52(24):2871～2875.
金之钧.2005.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题.地学前缘,12(3):15～22.
康玉柱.2005.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系古岩溶特征与油气分布.新疆石油地质,26(5):472～480.
李晋超,马永生,张大江,黄第藩,张水昌,程克明,徐志川,李小地.1998.中国海相油气勘探若干重大科学问题.石油勘探与开发,25(5):1～2.
吕修祥,杨宁,周新源,等.2008.塔里木盆地断裂活动对奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的影响.中国科学(D辑),38(增刊I):48～54.
苏劲,张水昌,杨海军,朱光有.2010.断裂系统控制碳酸盐岩有效储层形成与成藏规律研究.石油学报,31(2):196～203.
孙玉善,韩杰,张丽娟,谭泽金.2007.塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统礁滩体基质次生孔隙成因——以塔中62井区为例.石油勘探与开发,34(5):541～547.
武芳芳,朱光有,张水昌,等.2010.塔里木盆地塔中I号断裂带西缘奥陶系油气成藏与主控因素研究.地质论评,56(3):339～348.
闫相宾,李铁军,张涛,李国蓉,金晓辉,马晓娟.2005.塔中与塔河地区奥陶系岩溶储层形成条件的差异.石油与天然气地质,26(2):202～207.
杨德彬,朱光有,刘家军,苏劲,张斌,费安国.2010.全球大型凝析气田的分布特征及其形成主控因素.地学前缘,17(1):339～349.
杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发,等.2007.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征.石油学报,28(4):26～30.
张水昌,梁狄刚,张宝民.2004.塔里木盆地海相油气的生成.北京:石油工业出版社.
张水昌,梁狄刚,朱光有,张兴阳,张宝民,陈建平,张斌.2007.中国海相油气形成的地质基础.科学通报,52(增I):19～31.
张水昌,张宝民,李本亮,朱光有,苏劲,王晓梅.2011a.中国海相盆地跨重大构造期油气成藏历史——以塔里木盆地为例.石油勘探与开发,(1):1～12.
张水昌,朱光有,何坤.2011b.硫酸盐热化学还原作用对原油裂解成气和碳酸盐岩储层改造的影响及作用机制.岩石学报,27(3):809～826.
张水昌,朱光有,梁英波.2006.四川盆地普光大型气田H2S及优质储层形成机理探讨.地质论评,52(2):230～235.
赵文智,汪泽成,张水昌,王红军.2007.中国叠合盆地深层海相油气成藏条件与富集区带.科学通报,52(增I):9～18.
赵雪凤,朱光有,刘钦甫,张水昌.2007.深部海相碳酸盐岩储层孔隙发育主控因素研究.天然气地球科学,8(4):514～521.
赵雪凤,朱光有,张水昌,刘钦甫.2009.川东北普光地区与塔中地区深部礁滩体优质储层的对比研究.沉积学报,27(3):390～403.
周新源,王招明,杨海军,王清华,邬光辉.2006.塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现.海相油气地质,11(1):45～51.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,戴金星,李剑.2005.川东北地区飞仙关组高含H2S天然气TSR成因的同位素证据.中国科学(D辑),35(11):1037～1046.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,马永生,郭彤楼,周国源.2006a.四川盆地高含H2S天然气的分布与TSR成因证据.地质学报,80(8):1208～1218.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,马永生,戴金星,周国源.2006b.TSR&H2S对深部碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀改造作用———四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储层形成的重要方式.岩石学报,22(8):2182～2194.
朱光有,张水昌.2009a.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力.石油学报,30(6):793～802.
朱光有,张水昌,王欢欢,杨海军,孟书翠,顾乔元,张斌,苏劲.2009b.塔里木盆地北部深层风化壳储层的形成与分布.岩石学报,25(10):2384～2398.
朱光有,张水昌.2010.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气藏的类型与成藏模式.石油学报,31(6):871～878.
朱光有,杨海军,朱永峰,顾礼敬,卢玉红,苏劲,张宝收,范秋海.2011.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与富集成藏特征.岩石学报,27(3):827～844.
Zhao W Z,Zhu G Y,Zhang S C,Zhao X F,Sun Y S,Wang H J.2009.Relationship between the later strong gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area,Tarim basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(17):3076～3089.
Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Liang Yingbo,Li Jian.2005.Origins of the high H2S-bearing natural gas in China.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(5):697～708.
Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Liang Yingbo.2007.Formation mechanism and controlling factors of natural gas reservoir of Jialingjiang Formation in eastern Sichuan basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(5):805～816.
Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Liang Yingbo.2009.The origin and distribution of hydrogen sulfide in the petroliferous basins,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(6):1188～1201.
Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Huang Haiping,Liang Yingbo,Meng Shucui,Li Yuegang.2011.Gas genetic type and origin of hydrogen sulfide in the Zhongba gas field of the western Sichuan basin,China.Applied Geochemistry,26:1261～1273.
韩剑发,于红枫,张海祖,等.2008.塔中地区北部斜坡带下奥陶统碳酸盐岩风化壳油气富集特征.石油与天然气地质,29(2):167～173.
何君,韩剑发,潘文庆.2007.轮南古隆起奥陶系潜山油气成藏机理.石油学报,28(2):44～48.
黄思静,佟宏鹏,刘丽红,等.2009.川东北飞仙关组白云岩的主要类型、地球化学特征和白云化机制.岩石学报,25(10):2363～2372.
姜乃煌,朱光有,张水昌,王政军.2007.塔里木盆地塔中83井原油中检测出2-硫代金刚烷及其地质意义.科学通报,52(24):2871～2875.
金之钧.2005.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题.地学前缘,12(3):15～22.
康玉柱.2005.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系古岩溶特征与油气分布.新疆石油地质,26(5):472～480.
李晋超,马永生,张大江,黄第藩,张水昌,程克明,徐志川,李小地.1998.中国海相油气勘探若干重大科学问题.石油勘探与开发,25(5):1～2.
吕修祥,杨宁,周新源,等.2008.塔里木盆地断裂活动对奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的影响.中国科学(D辑),38(增刊I):48～54.
苏劲,张水昌,杨海军,朱光有.2010.断裂系统控制碳酸盐岩有效储层形成与成藏规律研究.石油学报,31(2):196～203.
孙玉善,韩杰,张丽娟,谭泽金.2007.塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统礁滩体基质次生孔隙成因——以塔中62井区为例.石油勘探与开发,34(5):541～547.
武芳芳,朱光有,张水昌,等.2010.塔里木盆地塔中I号断裂带西缘奥陶系油气成藏与主控因素研究.地质论评,56(3):339～348.
闫相宾,李铁军,张涛,李国蓉,金晓辉,马晓娟.2005.塔中与塔河地区奥陶系岩溶储层形成条件的差异.石油与天然气地质,26(2):202～207.
杨德彬,朱光有,刘家军,苏劲,张斌,费安国.2010.全球大型凝析气田的分布特征及其形成主控因素.地学前缘,17(1):339～349.
杨海军,邬光辉,韩剑发,等.2007.塔里木盆地中央隆起带奥陶系碳酸盐岩台缘带油气富集特征.石油学报,28(4):26～30.
张水昌,梁狄刚,张宝民.2004.塔里木盆地海相油气的生成.北京:石油工业出版社.
张水昌,梁狄刚,朱光有,张兴阳,张宝民,陈建平,张斌.2007.中国海相油气形成的地质基础.科学通报,52(增I):19～31.
张水昌,张宝民,李本亮,朱光有,苏劲,王晓梅.2011a.中国海相盆地跨重大构造期油气成藏历史——以塔里木盆地为例.石油勘探与开发,(1):1～12.
张水昌,朱光有,何坤.2011b.硫酸盐热化学还原作用对原油裂解成气和碳酸盐岩储层改造的影响及作用机制.岩石学报,27(3):809～826.
张水昌,朱光有,梁英波.2006.四川盆地普光大型气田H2S及优质储层形成机理探讨.地质论评,52(2):230～235.
赵文智,汪泽成,张水昌,王红军.2007.中国叠合盆地深层海相油气成藏条件与富集区带.科学通报,52(增I):9～18.
赵雪凤,朱光有,刘钦甫,张水昌.2007.深部海相碳酸盐岩储层孔隙发育主控因素研究.天然气地球科学,8(4):514～521.
赵雪凤,朱光有,张水昌,刘钦甫.2009.川东北普光地区与塔中地区深部礁滩体优质储层的对比研究.沉积学报,27(3):390～403.
周新源,王招明,杨海军,王清华,邬光辉.2006.塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现.海相油气地质,11(1):45～51.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,戴金星,李剑.2005.川东北地区飞仙关组高含H2S天然气TSR成因的同位素证据.中国科学(D辑),35(11):1037～1046.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,马永生,郭彤楼,周国源.2006a.四川盆地高含H2S天然气的分布与TSR成因证据.地质学报,80(8):1208～1218.
朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,马永生,戴金星,周国源.2006b.TSR&H2S对深部碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀改造作用———四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储层形成的重要方式.岩石学报,22(8):2182～2194.
朱光有,张水昌.2009a.中国深层油气成藏条件与勘探潜力.石油学报,30(6):793～802.
朱光有,张水昌,王欢欢,杨海军,孟书翠,顾乔元,张斌,苏劲.2009b.塔里木盆地北部深层风化壳储层的形成与分布.岩石学报,25(10):2384～2398.
朱光有,张水昌.2010.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气藏的类型与成藏模式.石油学报,31(6):871～878.
朱光有,杨海军,朱永峰,顾礼敬,卢玉红,苏劲,张宝收,范秋海.2011.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与富集成藏特征.岩石学报,27(3):827～844.
Zhao W Z,Zhu G Y,Zhang S C,Zhao X F,Sun Y S,Wang H J.2009.Relationship between the later strong gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area,Tarim basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,54(17):3076～3089.
Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Liang Yingbo,Li Jian.2005.Origins of the high H2S-bearing natural gas in China.Acta Geologica Sinica,79(5):697～708.
Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Liang Yingbo.2007.Formation mechanism and controlling factors of natural gas reservoir of Jialingjiang Formation in eastern Sichuan basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(5):805～816.
Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Liang Yingbo.2009.The origin and distribution of hydrogen sulfide in the petroliferous basins,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(6):1188～1201.
Zhu Guangyou,Zhang Shuichang,Huang Haiping,Liang Yingbo,Meng Shucui,Li Yuegang.2011.Gas genetic type and origin of hydrogen sulfide in the Zhongba gas field of the western Sichuan basin,China.Applied Geochemistry,26:1261～1273.
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