等离子体震源及在海洋勘探中的应用
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摘要
为了满足现代海洋高分辨率地震勘探对发射震源在声信号特性、重复性、稳定性等方面的要求,介绍了一种等离子体震源(PSS)系统及在该方面的应用。针对基于海水中脉冲电晕放电技术开发的等离子体震源设备,分别从电路基础分析、等离子体放电过程和气泡脉动、脉冲声波辐射3个方面进行了理论分析和实验研究,给出了单电极条件下电源能量效率、气泡脉动、声波辐射的实验结果。同时介绍了近9a来等离子体震源的研发历程,单脉冲能量为500J、10kJ、50kJ等典型样机的设计参数和设备特点,阐述了设备在高分辨率海洋地震勘探领域的成功应用,以及在水声领域的应用前景。
To meet the requirements of modern marine high resolution seismic exploration where sound source can generate repetitive,stable and specific acoustic emission,plasma seismic source(PSS) for marine high resolution seismic exploration is described which is based on plasma corona discharge in sea water.Intensive shockwaves are produced when electrical energy stored in capacitors is dumped through electrohydraulic discharge.Pulsed power technology,pulsed corona discharge process,dynamics of bubble oscillation and acoustical emissions are theoretically and experimentally studied.Experimental results of power efficiency of power source,bubble dynamics and acoustical emissions are presented and discussed.After 9 years research and development,PSS has been successfully applied in high resolution seismic exploration,showing a good prospect in underwater acoustic applications.Three typical prototypes of PSS with discharge energies of 500 J per pulse,10 kJ per pulse and 50 kJ per pulse have been developed,their parameters and advantages are also presented.
To meet the requirements of modern marine high resolution seismic exploration where sound source can generate repetitive,stable and specific acoustic emission,plasma seismic source(PSS) for marine high resolution seismic exploration is described which is based on plasma corona discharge in sea water.Intensive shockwaves are produced when electrical energy stored in capacitors is dumped through electrohydraulic discharge.Pulsed power technology,pulsed corona discharge process,dynamics of bubble oscillation and acoustical emissions are theoretically and experimentally studied.Experimental results of power efficiency of power source,bubble dynamics and acoustical emissions are presented and discussed.After 9 years research and development,PSS has been successfully applied in high resolution seismic exploration,showing a good prospect in underwater acoustic applications.Three typical prototypes of PSS with discharge energies of 500 J per pulse,10 kJ per pulse and 50 kJ per pulse have been developed,their parameters and advantages are also presented.
引文
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[12]Gilmore F R.The growth or collapse of a spherical bubble in a viscous compressible liquid[R].Pasadena,California,USA:Hydrodynamics Laboratory,California Institute of Technolo-gy,1952.
[13]Keller J B,Miksis M.Bubble oscillations of large amplitude[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,68(2):628-633.
[14]Fujikawa S,Akamatsu T.Effects of the non-equilibrium con-densation of vapour on the pressure wave produced by the col-lapse of a bubble in a liquid[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1980,97(3):481-512.
[15]Vokurka K.A model of spark and laser generated bubbles[J].Czech Journal of Physics B,1988,38(1):27-34.
[16]Cook J A,Gleeson A M,Roberts R M,et al.A spark-genera-ted bubble model with semi-empirical mass transport[J].Jour-nal of the Acoustical Society of America,1997,101(4):1908-1920.
[17]LU Xinpei,PAN Yuan,LIU Kefu,et al.Spark model of pulsed discharge in water[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2002,91(1):24-31.
[18]HUANG Yifan,YAN Hui,LI Shuran,et al.Multi-electrode electrohydraulic discharge for sterilization and disinfection[C]∥IEEE Pulsed Power Conference.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE,2009:886-891.
[19]YAN Hui,HUANG Yifan,LIU Zhen,et al.Plasma-genera-ted multibubbles in water and their dynamics[J].IEEE Trans-actions on Plasma Science,2011,39(11):2656-2657.
[20]Martin E A.Experimental investigation of a high-energy densi-ty,high-pressure arc plasma[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1960,31(2):255-267.
[2]秦曾衍,左公宁,王永荣,等.高压强脉冲放电及其应用[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2000.QIN Zengyan,ZUO Gongning,Wang Yongrong et al.Pulsed high voltage discharge and its application[M].Beijing,China:Beijing Industrial University Press,2000.
[3]左公宁.水中脉冲电晕放电的某些特性[J].高电压技术,2003,29(8):37-38.ZUO Gongning.Some properties of the impulse corona dis-charge in water[J].High Voltage Engineering,2003,29(8):37-38.
[4]金明剑,孙鹞鸿.不同参数条件下水中脉冲放电的电学特性研究[J].高电压技术,2004,30(7):46-49.JIN Mingjian,SUN Yaohong.The electrical characteristics of underwater pulsed discharge under different experiment parame-ters[J].High Voltage Engineering,2004,30(7):46-49.
[5]刘强,孙鹞鸿.水中脉冲电晕放电等离子体特性及气泡运动[J].高电压技术,2006,32(2):54-56.LIU Qiang,SUN Yaohong.Plasma characteristics of pulsed co-rona discharge in water and moving process of the bubble[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(2):54-56.
[6]Lisitsyn I V,Nomiyama H,Katsuki S,et al.Thermal proces-ses in a streamer discharge in water[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1999,6(3):351-356.
[7]Rogers R L,Espinosa J C,Fisher D L,et al.Plasma sound source basic research[R].Austin,Texas,USA:The Universi-ty of Texas at Austin,1999.
[8]Lauterborn W,Kurz T.Physics of bubble oscillations[J].Re-ports on Progress in Physics,2010,73(10):106501.
[9]Lord Rayleigh.On the pressure developed in a liquid during the collapse of a spherical cavity[J].Philosophical Magazine Series 6,1917,34(200):94-98.
[10]Plesset M S,Prosperetti A.Bubble dynamics and cavitation[J].Annual Review on Fluid Mechanics,1977,9:145-185.
[11]Lauterborn W,Bolle H.Experimental investigations of cavita-tion-bubble collapse in the neighbourhood of a solid boundary[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1975,72(2):391-399.
[12]Gilmore F R.The growth or collapse of a spherical bubble in a viscous compressible liquid[R].Pasadena,California,USA:Hydrodynamics Laboratory,California Institute of Technolo-gy,1952.
[13]Keller J B,Miksis M.Bubble oscillations of large amplitude[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1980,68(2):628-633.
[14]Fujikawa S,Akamatsu T.Effects of the non-equilibrium con-densation of vapour on the pressure wave produced by the col-lapse of a bubble in a liquid[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1980,97(3):481-512.
[15]Vokurka K.A model of spark and laser generated bubbles[J].Czech Journal of Physics B,1988,38(1):27-34.
[16]Cook J A,Gleeson A M,Roberts R M,et al.A spark-genera-ted bubble model with semi-empirical mass transport[J].Jour-nal of the Acoustical Society of America,1997,101(4):1908-1920.
[17]LU Xinpei,PAN Yuan,LIU Kefu,et al.Spark model of pulsed discharge in water[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2002,91(1):24-31.
[18]HUANG Yifan,YAN Hui,LI Shuran,et al.Multi-electrode electrohydraulic discharge for sterilization and disinfection[C]∥IEEE Pulsed Power Conference.Washington D.C.,USA:IEEE,2009:886-891.
[19]YAN Hui,HUANG Yifan,LIU Zhen,et al.Plasma-genera-ted multibubbles in water and their dynamics[J].IEEE Trans-actions on Plasma Science,2011,39(11):2656-2657.
[20]Martin E A.Experimental investigation of a high-energy densi-ty,high-pressure arc plasma[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1960,31(2):255-267.
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