基于各向异性AVO的裂缝弹性参数叠前反演方法
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摘要
基于各向异性理论,将具有水平对称轴的高角度裂缝介质等效为HTI介质。首先,通过分析HTI介质反射界面的纵波反射系数公式,研究裂缝介质振幅随偏移距和方位角的变化特征,探索了方位各向异性介质弹性参数和各向异性参数的叠前反演方法。其次,为更好地估测介质的弹性参数:纵波阻抗IP、横波阻抗IS以及各向异性梯度Γ,对反射系数近似式进行了简化,同时对简化公式的精度进行了对比分析。最后,选取2D逆掩断层模型,利用褶积公式制作不同方位的合成地震道集,并对合成地震道集添加随机噪声(信噪比为2∶1),将其应用于方位AVO叠前反演算法试算中。结果表明,当信噪比为2时,方位AVO叠前反演所得纵波阻抗、横波阻抗及各向异性梯度的估测值与模型真实值基本吻合,而且估测值能够较准确地反映原始模型的地层特征,验证了方位AVO叠前反演算法的准确适用性。
Based on anisotropic theory,the authors considered fractured reservoir with the horizontal axis of symmetry and high-angle equivalent of HTI media.First of all,by analysis of P wave reflection coefficient formula,it studied the characterization about amplitude versus offset and azimuth,and explored the pre-stack estimation method for anisotropic elastic and anisotropic parameters.Secondly,in order to estimate the elastic parameters of the medium: longitudinal wave impedance,IP,shear wave impedance,IS,and anisotropic gradient Γ better,the study made a simplification of the reflection coefficient,and analyzed the accuracy of the simplified formula.Finally,it selected 2D overthrust model to test azimuth AVO pre-stack inversion method.The authors used the convolution formula to produce synthetic seismic gathers in different directions,added random noise to synthetic seismic gather(signal to noise ratio is 2∶1),and applied it to the azimuth AVO pre-stack inversion algorithm test.The results showed that the value which estimated by using the azimuth AVO pre-stack inversion method,longitudinal wave impedance,shear wave impedance and anisotropic gradient,was consistent with the true value of the overthrust model basically,and the estimation value could more accurately describe the stratigraphic features of original model,and it verified the applicability accuracy of the azimuth AVO pre-stack inversion algorithm.
Based on anisotropic theory,the authors considered fractured reservoir with the horizontal axis of symmetry and high-angle equivalent of HTI media.First of all,by analysis of P wave reflection coefficient formula,it studied the characterization about amplitude versus offset and azimuth,and explored the pre-stack estimation method for anisotropic elastic and anisotropic parameters.Secondly,in order to estimate the elastic parameters of the medium: longitudinal wave impedance,IP,shear wave impedance,IS,and anisotropic gradient Γ better,the study made a simplification of the reflection coefficient,and analyzed the accuracy of the simplified formula.Finally,it selected 2D overthrust model to test azimuth AVO pre-stack inversion method.The authors used the convolution formula to produce synthetic seismic gathers in different directions,added random noise to synthetic seismic gather(signal to noise ratio is 2∶1),and applied it to the azimuth AVO pre-stack inversion algorithm test.The results showed that the value which estimated by using the azimuth AVO pre-stack inversion method,longitudinal wave impedance,shear wave impedance and anisotropic gradient,was consistent with the true value of the overthrust model basically,and the estimation value could more accurately describe the stratigraphic features of original model,and it verified the applicability accuracy of the azimuth AVO pre-stack inversion algorithm.
引文
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[16]周新桂,张林炎,范昆.吴旗探区长61储层构造裂缝特征及分布规律[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(1):43-49.Zhou Xin-gui,Zhang Lin-yan,Fan Kun.Characteris-tics and Distribution of Tectonic Fractures in Chang61 Low-Permeable Reservoir in Wuqi Area in OrdosBasin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth ScienceEdition,2008,38(1):43-49.
[17]周新桂,操成杰,袁嘉音,等.油气盆地储层构造裂缝定量预测研究方法及其应用[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2004,34(1):79-84.Zhou Xin-gui,Cao Cheng-jie,Yuan Jia-yin,et al.Methods and Applications of Quantitative Predictionand Evaluation of Tectonic Fracture in Reservoir inPetroliferous Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2004,34(1):79-84.
[18]Fatti J K,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection ofGas Sandstone Reservoirs Using AVO Analysis:A 3-D Seismic Case History Using The Geostack Tech-nique[J].Geophysics,1994,59:1362-1376.
[19]Downton J,Gray D.AVAZ Parameter UncertaintyEstimation[R].New Orleans:SEG Annual Meeting,2006.
[20]Aminzadeh F,Brac J,Kunz T.3-D Salt and Over-thrust Models[R].USA:Soc of Expl Geophysicists,1997.
[21]Mulder W A,Nicoletis L,Alkhalifah T.The EAGE3DAnisotropic Elastic Modeling Project[R].Vienna:68th EAGE Conference&Exhibition,2006.
[2]李春林,刘立,王丽.辽河坳陷东部凹陷火山岩构造裂缝形成机制[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2004,34(增刊):46-50.Li Chun-lin,Liu Li,Wang Li.The Mechanism ofVolcanic Rock Fracture Formation of Eastern Sag ofLiaohe Depression[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2004,34(Sup.):46-50.
[3]张国君,冯晅,王典,等.裂隙性油气藏发展现状[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(增刊):43-47.Zhang Guo-jun,Feng Xuan,Wang Dian,et al.PresentStatus of Fractured Oil and Gas Reservoirs[J].Journalof Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2008,38(Sup.):43-47.
[4]Thomsen L.Weak Elastic Anisotropy[J].Geo-physics,1986,51(10):1954-1966.
[5]Ruger A.Reflection Coefficients and Azimuthal AVOAnalysis in Anisotropic Media[D].Golden:ColoradoSchool of Mines,1996.
[6]Coulon J P,Lafet Y,Deschizeaux B,et al.ElasticInversion for Seismic Lithology Discrimination in aTurbiditic Reservoir[R].New Orleans:SEG AnnualMeeting,2006.
[7]Mallick S,Craft K L,Meister L J,et al.Deter-mination of The Principal Directions of AzimuthalAnisotropy from P-Wave Seismic Data[J].Geophyscis,1998,63(2):692-706.
[8]Gray D.Fracure Detection Using 3D Azimuthal AVO[R].Canada:CSEG Recorder,2004.
[9]Bachrach R,Sengupta M,Salama A,et al.Recon-struction of The Layer Anisotropic Elastic Parameterand High Resolution Fracture Characterization from P-Wave Data:A Case Study Using Seismic Inversionand Bayesian Rock Physics Parameter Estimation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2009,57(2),253-262.
[10]Downton J,Roure R.Azimuthal Simultaneous ElasticInversion for Fracture Detection[R].Denver:SEGAnnual Meeting,2010.
[11]张世俊,杨慧珠,董渊,等.遗传算法反演HTI介质各向异性参数[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):24-28.Zhang Shi-jun,Yang Hui-zhu,Dong Yuan,et al.Inversion of Anisotropic Parameters in HTI Mediumby Genetic Algorithm[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2002,37(1):24-28.
[12]杜启振,杨慧珠.方位各向异性介质的裂缝预测方法研究[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2003,27(4):32-36.Du Qi-zhen,Yang Hui-zhu.Detection Method forFractures in Azimuthal Anisotropic Media[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2003,27(4):32-36.
[13]朱兆林,赵爱国.裂缝介质的纵波方位AVO反演研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):499-503.Zhu Zhao-lin,Zhao Ai-guo.Azimuthal AVOInversion of P-Wave in Fractured Medium[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):499-503.
[14]肖鹏飞,王世星,曲寿利,等.倾角对裂缝密度反演的影响分析[J].石油物探,2009,48(6):544-551.Xiao Peng-fei,Wang Shi-xing,Qu Shou-li,et al.Analysis on the Impact of Dip on Fracture DensityInversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,2009,48(6):544-551.
[15]李录明,罗省贤,王明春,等.各向异性介质三维纵横波联合叠前反演方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):60-65.Li Lu-ming,Luo Sheng-xian,Wang Ming-chun,etal.3DPP-PS Joint Inversion Method and Applicationin Anisotropic Medium[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2010,45(1):60-65.
[16]周新桂,张林炎,范昆.吴旗探区长61储层构造裂缝特征及分布规律[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(1):43-49.Zhou Xin-gui,Zhang Lin-yan,Fan Kun.Characteris-tics and Distribution of Tectonic Fractures in Chang61 Low-Permeable Reservoir in Wuqi Area in OrdosBasin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth ScienceEdition,2008,38(1):43-49.
[17]周新桂,操成杰,袁嘉音,等.油气盆地储层构造裂缝定量预测研究方法及其应用[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2004,34(1):79-84.Zhou Xin-gui,Cao Cheng-jie,Yuan Jia-yin,et al.Methods and Applications of Quantitative Predictionand Evaluation of Tectonic Fracture in Reservoir inPetroliferous Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2004,34(1):79-84.
[18]Fatti J K,Smith G C,Vail P J,et al.Detection ofGas Sandstone Reservoirs Using AVO Analysis:A 3-D Seismic Case History Using The Geostack Tech-nique[J].Geophysics,1994,59:1362-1376.
[19]Downton J,Gray D.AVAZ Parameter UncertaintyEstimation[R].New Orleans:SEG Annual Meeting,2006.
[20]Aminzadeh F,Brac J,Kunz T.3-D Salt and Over-thrust Models[R].USA:Soc of Expl Geophysicists,1997.
[21]Mulder W A,Nicoletis L,Alkhalifah T.The EAGE3DAnisotropic Elastic Modeling Project[R].Vienna:68th EAGE Conference&Exhibition,2006.
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