基于波动方程的检波点二次定位
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摘要
在进行浅海过渡带地震资料采集时,需要将电缆和检波器沉放到海底,由于洋流、潮汐等因素的影响会使检波点的实际位置与预设位置不同,从而严重影响了后续的地震资料处理工作,因此需要对检波点进行二次定位。在海底检波点二次定位中,炮点位置已知而检波点位置未知,需要从多个炮点位置正向外推波场,使波场逐步延拓到检波点,以此来获得检波点的位置。具体实现是在海底划分网格应用克希霍夫积分法外推波场,获得网格点的能量值,能量最高的网格点便是检波点的位置。在划分网格时需要先粗分网格,求得网格点能量值,然后在能量高的网格点区域重新细分网格,通过细分网格点的能量值来确定出检波点位置。在检波点二次定位中利用的主要是直达波的波场信息,在预处理时,需要突出直达波压制干扰波。基于波动方程的检波点二次定位在模拟和实际地震资料处理中都得到了良好的效果,验证了这种方法的可行性。
The real position of receiver and ocean bottom cable is different from the designed position because of the influence of ocean current and tide which seriously affect the sequent processing of seismic data,so it's necessary to reposition the receiver.During the secondary positioning of receiver,as the position of shot point is known,the wave fields can be extrapolated from lots of shot points, and at last reached the position of receiver,thus,the position of the receiver can be found out.Specifically,the first step is dividing grids on the sea floor,then with the help of Kirchhoff integral,the energy of the grids comes out,and the grid with high energy is the position of the receiver.The gird's interspacing is large when dividing the grid for the first time,then decrease the distance between the grids.Thus,the arithmetic can speed up,and the accuracy can be guaranteed.The direct wave is the most important information in the secondary positioning of receiver,and it propagates through the sea water.So the velocity should be the same as the velocity of the sea.Both the simulating and real data processing results confirm that the secondary positioning of receiver is feasible.
The real position of receiver and ocean bottom cable is different from the designed position because of the influence of ocean current and tide which seriously affect the sequent processing of seismic data,so it's necessary to reposition the receiver.During the secondary positioning of receiver,as the position of shot point is known,the wave fields can be extrapolated from lots of shot points, and at last reached the position of receiver,thus,the position of the receiver can be found out.Specifically,the first step is dividing grids on the sea floor,then with the help of Kirchhoff integral,the energy of the grids comes out,and the grid with high energy is the position of the receiver.The gird's interspacing is large when dividing the grid for the first time,then decrease the distance between the grids.Thus,the arithmetic can speed up,and the accuracy can be guaranteed.The direct wave is the most important information in the secondary positioning of receiver,and it propagates through the sea water.So the velocity should be the same as the velocity of the sea.Both the simulating and real data processing results confirm that the secondary positioning of receiver is feasible.
引文
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[3]曾湘轶,杨文艳浅析海底电缆地震采集作业二次定位系统[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):220 226.
[4]姜瑞林.海底电缆水下声波二次定位成果质量分析[J].石油仪器,1996,5(10):23 25.
[5]杨怀春,刘怀山声波二次定位技术在KD 1高精度地震采集中的应用[J].海洋地质动态,2004,20(4):33-36.
[6]韩立强,常稳.海底电缆初至波二次定位技术的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):501-512
[7]王成礼,宋玉龙,付强,等.检波器二次剩余定位方法与效果[J].石油物探,2007,46(5):505-508
[8]宋玉龙.滩浅海地区地震勘探存在问题及解决方法[J]石油物探,2005,44(4):343-347.
[9]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1993.
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