东海陆坡海底峡谷—扇体系沉积特征及物质搬运
|
摘要
利用多波束和高分辨率地震资料,分析了东海陆坡广泛发育的海底峡谷—扇体系的沉积地层结构,讨论了海底峡谷—扇体系内部主要的沉积物搬运方式、沉积特征和典型沉积环境。结果表明,海底峡谷是上陆坡沉积物质向下搬运的主要通道。海底峡谷段上部以侵蚀作用为主,局部堆积具丘状或透镜状外形的滑塌体或滑坡体;海底扇沉积开始于海底峡谷的出口,地震剖面上具杂乱、前积或上超结构,且不同位置的扇结构亦存在差异,并被正断层错动;海底扇上发育两侧具天然堤的扇谷,细颗粒浊流物质通过溢流形成具楔状外形的越岸沉积。浊流沉积在海底峡谷的出口处十分发育,具有丘状或透镜状外形,内部呈规则或杂乱反射,是海底扇的重要组成部分。块体搬运(滑塌和滑坡)和浊流是东海陆坡海底峡谷—扇体系内主要的沉积物搬运方式,它们对陆坡地形地貌起着重要的塑造作用。海底峡谷—扇体系沉积特征及物质搬运从南向北的差异性反应了不同陆坡段物源供应、水动力条件和构造活动的不同。
Based on multi-beam bathymetric and high-resolution seismic data,studies including sedimentary stratigraphic structure,transportation and typical sediment environments of the submarine canyon—fan systems in the slope of the East China Sea have been carried out.The results show that canyons on the slope are the main pathways to transport sediments from the upper to the lower part of the slope.Gullies,channels developing in the canyons and several depostional bodies indicate that the erosion domains the upper canyons section.Slumps or landslides with mound-shaped or lens-shaped are only deposited in some canyons with local flat valley bottom.Submarine fans usually developed at the exits of the canyons.They have different sediment structures at different positions,but most of them are characterized by chaotic,progradational or onlap seismic reflection configuration.The channels are pathways to transport turbidity currents.The overbank deposits with a wedge shape,mainly consisting of fine-grained sediments,usually developed along both sides of the channels.Turbidite is the main part of deposition fan.Mass wastes mainly including slumps and landslides and turbidity current are the main way of sediment transportation in canyon—fan systems and play important roles in reshaping the morphology of the submarine canyon system.Different sediment characters of the canyon-fan systems from the north to the south indicate different source supply,hydrodynamic conditions and tectonic activities.
Based on multi-beam bathymetric and high-resolution seismic data,studies including sedimentary stratigraphic structure,transportation and typical sediment environments of the submarine canyon—fan systems in the slope of the East China Sea have been carried out.The results show that canyons on the slope are the main pathways to transport sediments from the upper to the lower part of the slope.Gullies,channels developing in the canyons and several depostional bodies indicate that the erosion domains the upper canyons section.Slumps or landslides with mound-shaped or lens-shaped are only deposited in some canyons with local flat valley bottom.Submarine fans usually developed at the exits of the canyons.They have different sediment structures at different positions,but most of them are characterized by chaotic,progradational or onlap seismic reflection configuration.The channels are pathways to transport turbidity currents.The overbank deposits with a wedge shape,mainly consisting of fine-grained sediments,usually developed along both sides of the channels.Turbidite is the main part of deposition fan.Mass wastes mainly including slumps and landslides and turbidity current are the main way of sediment transportation in canyon—fan systems and play important roles in reshaping the morphology of the submarine canyon system.Different sediment characters of the canyon-fan systems from the north to the south indicate different source supply,hydrodynamic conditions and tectonic activities.
引文
李家彪,等.2008.东海区域地质[M].北京:海洋出版社,109-112.
李军.2004.冲绳海槽西南部新发现“通道-天然堤”系统的成因[J].海洋地质动态,20(2):5-7.
李军.2007.冲绳海槽晚更新世以来沉积速率的时空差异及其控制因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,27(4):37-43.
李军,高抒,孙有斌.2005.冲绳海槽南部A23孔浊流沉积层的粒度特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,25(2):11-16.
李培英,王永吉,刘振夏,等.1999.冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率[J].中国科学(D辑),29(1):52-55.
李巍然,管玉涛,杨作升,等.1999.冲绳海槽浊流灾害性研究[J].自然灾害学报,8(3):98-102.
李巍然,杨作升,王琦,等.2001.冲绳海槽陆源碎屑峡谷通道搬运与海底扇沉积[J].海洋与湖沼,32(4):371-380.
李西双,刘保华,吴金龙,等.2004.冲绳海槽西部陆坡地震相模式与沉积结构[J].海洋与湖沼,35(2):120-129.
刘保华,李西双,赵月霞,等.2005.冲绳海槽西部陆坡碎屑沉积物的搬运方式:滑塌和重力流[J].海洋与湖沼,36(1):1-9.
刘忠臣,刘保华,黄振宗,等.2005.中国近海及邻近海域地形地貌[M].北京:海洋出版社,51-67,142-164.
栾锡武,翟世奎,干晓群.2001.冲绳海槽中部热液活动区构造地球物理特征分析[J].沉积学报,19(1):43-47.
佩顿C E著.牛毓荃,徐怀大,陈俊生,等译.1982.地震地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,134.
吴自银,金翔龙,李家彪,等.2002.中更新世以来长江口至冲绳海槽高分辨率地震地层学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,22(2):9-20.
谢帕德F P,著,梁元博,于联生,译.1979.海底地质学[M].北京:科学出版社,257-289.
赵月霞,刘保华,李西双,等.2009.东海陆坡不同类型海底峡谷的分布及其构造响应[J].海洋科学进展,27(4):460-468.
Belen A,Gemma E.2003.Small turbidite systems in a complex tectonicsetting(SW Mediterranean Sea):Morphology and growth patterns[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,19:1225-1240.
Carson B,Baker E T,Hickey B M,et al.1986.Modern sediment dispers-al and accumulation in Quinault submarine canyon-A summary[J].Marine Geology,71:1-13.
Chuang W S,Li HW,Tang TY,et al.1993.Observation of the countercurrent on the inshore side of the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan[J].Journal of Oceanography,49:581-592.
Chung Y,Hung G W.2000.Particulate fluxes and transports on the slopebetween the southern East China Sea and the South Okinawa Trough[J].Continental Shelf Research,20:571-597.
Daly R A.1936.Origin of submarine canyons[J].American Journal ofScience,31:401-420.
David C,Gemma E,et al.2003.Recent mass-movement processes on theEbro continental slope(NW Mediterranean)[J].Marine and Petro-leum Geology,20:445-457.
Durrieu de Madron X.1994.Hydrography and nepheloid structures in theGrand-Rhone Canyon[J].Continental Shelf Research,14(5):457-477.
Granata TC,Vidondo B,Duarte C M,et al.1999.Hydrodynamics andparticles transport associated with a submarine canyon off Blanes(Spain),NW Mediterranean Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,19:1249-1263.
Herman B M,Anderson R N,Truchan M.1978.Extensional tectonics inthe Okinawa Trough[J].AAPG Memoir,29:119-208.
Lewis K B,Barnes P M.1999.Kaikoura Canyon,New Zealand:Activeconduit from near-shore sediment zones to trench-axis channel[J].Marine Geology,162:39-69.
Liu Baohua,Zhao Yuexia,Li Xishuang,et al.2009.Morphology and ar-chitecture of the typical erosion-genesis submarine canyons on theEast China Sea slope[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,28(6):1-11.
Puig P,Ogston A S,Mullenbach B L,et al.2003.Shelf-to-canyon sedi-ment-transport processes on the Eel continental margin(northernCalifornia)[J].Marine Geology,193:129-149.
Tang TY,Tai J H,Yang Y J.2000.The flowpattern north of Taiwan andthe migration of the Kuroshio[J].Continental Shelf Research,20:349-372.
Zhao Yuexia,Liu Baohua,Li Xishuang,et al.2008.Submarine Canyons onnorth of the Chiwei Island:Influenced by recent extension of the south-ern Okinawa Trough[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,27(4):63-72.
李军.2004.冲绳海槽西南部新发现“通道-天然堤”系统的成因[J].海洋地质动态,20(2):5-7.
李军.2007.冲绳海槽晚更新世以来沉积速率的时空差异及其控制因素[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,27(4):37-43.
李军,高抒,孙有斌.2005.冲绳海槽南部A23孔浊流沉积层的粒度特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,25(2):11-16.
李培英,王永吉,刘振夏,等.1999.冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率[J].中国科学(D辑),29(1):52-55.
李巍然,管玉涛,杨作升,等.1999.冲绳海槽浊流灾害性研究[J].自然灾害学报,8(3):98-102.
李巍然,杨作升,王琦,等.2001.冲绳海槽陆源碎屑峡谷通道搬运与海底扇沉积[J].海洋与湖沼,32(4):371-380.
李西双,刘保华,吴金龙,等.2004.冲绳海槽西部陆坡地震相模式与沉积结构[J].海洋与湖沼,35(2):120-129.
刘保华,李西双,赵月霞,等.2005.冲绳海槽西部陆坡碎屑沉积物的搬运方式:滑塌和重力流[J].海洋与湖沼,36(1):1-9.
刘忠臣,刘保华,黄振宗,等.2005.中国近海及邻近海域地形地貌[M].北京:海洋出版社,51-67,142-164.
栾锡武,翟世奎,干晓群.2001.冲绳海槽中部热液活动区构造地球物理特征分析[J].沉积学报,19(1):43-47.
佩顿C E著.牛毓荃,徐怀大,陈俊生,等译.1982.地震地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,134.
吴自银,金翔龙,李家彪,等.2002.中更新世以来长江口至冲绳海槽高分辨率地震地层学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,22(2):9-20.
谢帕德F P,著,梁元博,于联生,译.1979.海底地质学[M].北京:科学出版社,257-289.
赵月霞,刘保华,李西双,等.2009.东海陆坡不同类型海底峡谷的分布及其构造响应[J].海洋科学进展,27(4):460-468.
Belen A,Gemma E.2003.Small turbidite systems in a complex tectonicsetting(SW Mediterranean Sea):Morphology and growth patterns[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,19:1225-1240.
Carson B,Baker E T,Hickey B M,et al.1986.Modern sediment dispers-al and accumulation in Quinault submarine canyon-A summary[J].Marine Geology,71:1-13.
Chuang W S,Li HW,Tang TY,et al.1993.Observation of the countercurrent on the inshore side of the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan[J].Journal of Oceanography,49:581-592.
Chung Y,Hung G W.2000.Particulate fluxes and transports on the slopebetween the southern East China Sea and the South Okinawa Trough[J].Continental Shelf Research,20:571-597.
Daly R A.1936.Origin of submarine canyons[J].American Journal ofScience,31:401-420.
David C,Gemma E,et al.2003.Recent mass-movement processes on theEbro continental slope(NW Mediterranean)[J].Marine and Petro-leum Geology,20:445-457.
Durrieu de Madron X.1994.Hydrography and nepheloid structures in theGrand-Rhone Canyon[J].Continental Shelf Research,14(5):457-477.
Granata TC,Vidondo B,Duarte C M,et al.1999.Hydrodynamics andparticles transport associated with a submarine canyon off Blanes(Spain),NW Mediterranean Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,19:1249-1263.
Herman B M,Anderson R N,Truchan M.1978.Extensional tectonics inthe Okinawa Trough[J].AAPG Memoir,29:119-208.
Lewis K B,Barnes P M.1999.Kaikoura Canyon,New Zealand:Activeconduit from near-shore sediment zones to trench-axis channel[J].Marine Geology,162:39-69.
Liu Baohua,Zhao Yuexia,Li Xishuang,et al.2009.Morphology and ar-chitecture of the typical erosion-genesis submarine canyons on theEast China Sea slope[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,28(6):1-11.
Puig P,Ogston A S,Mullenbach B L,et al.2003.Shelf-to-canyon sedi-ment-transport processes on the Eel continental margin(northernCalifornia)[J].Marine Geology,193:129-149.
Tang TY,Tai J H,Yang Y J.2000.The flowpattern north of Taiwan andthe migration of the Kuroshio[J].Continental Shelf Research,20:349-372.
Zhao Yuexia,Liu Baohua,Li Xishuang,et al.2008.Submarine Canyons onnorth of the Chiwei Island:Influenced by recent extension of the south-ern Okinawa Trough[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,27(4):63-72.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心