火山地层结构特征及其对波阻抗反演的约束
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摘要
火山地层是由似层状、层状和块状结构组成的复合体,其地层结构的拟合是火山岩储层地震预测的难点所在,火山地层结构模型的建立是火山岩勘探开发中首先需要解决的关键问题.通过对九台和大屯典型火山岩地层结构的解剖,分析似层状结构和层状结构特征.似层状结构地层内部的岩层倾向和倾角变化大,与地层顶底面表现为斜交.从火山机构喷发中心到远端的同一方向的岩层具有同倾向、倾角逐渐变小的趋势,据此沿其顶面或底面的趋势进行内插可以得到火山机构准确的地层结构模型.以YS2井营城组火山岩为例,在其他条件相同的情况下分别用层状模型和似层状模型拟合地层结构约束波阻抗反演.结果表明二者间的低波阻抗分布范围和厚度均存在较大的差异,其后果是导致储层地震预测的偏差,所以用层状模型不适用于似层状结构火山岩储层刻画、同样反推也不妥.解决的方法是在火山机构的限定下进行储层反演,即在明确各个火山机构的地层结构的基础上,通过对内部结构的插值得到地层结构模型,才能使储层反演结果更加逼近真实情况.该研究可为火山岩油气藏高效勘探开发提供理论依据.
Volcanic strata have pseudostratified,stratified and massive textures which are more complex than sedimentary rocks.Thus,it should not simply be simulated with stratified models, and it results in a difficulty in volcanic reservoir prediction with seismic data.A primary key point for volcanic reservoir exploration and development is to build up proper volcanostratigraphic models.Both pseudostratified and stratified models are built up based on typical volcanostratigraphic textures of outcrops of Jiutai and Datun area in the southeastern Songliao Basin.The internal beds of pseudostratified strata show great changes in dipping direction and angles,and contact obliquely with the top and bottom strata.The dip angle of volcanic rock bed decreases from central to distal parts along a given edifice s limb,and the exact stratigraphic textural model is built up by interpolation following the top and/or bottom surface trends.A borehole named as Well YS2 is selected to perform impedance inversion constrained by stratified and pseudostratified models respectively.As a result,both the dimension and thickness of low-impedance show significant differences between the stratified model and the pseudostratified model.Therefore, the stratigraphic texture of volcanic edifice should be precisely characterized before impedance inversion,and then the stratigraphic textural model is built up with internal interpolation to ensure the inversion reliability.This study offers a theoretical basis for effective exploration of volcanic petroleum reservoirs.
Volcanic strata have pseudostratified,stratified and massive textures which are more complex than sedimentary rocks.Thus,it should not simply be simulated with stratified models, and it results in a difficulty in volcanic reservoir prediction with seismic data.A primary key point for volcanic reservoir exploration and development is to build up proper volcanostratigraphic models.Both pseudostratified and stratified models are built up based on typical volcanostratigraphic textures of outcrops of Jiutai and Datun area in the southeastern Songliao Basin.The internal beds of pseudostratified strata show great changes in dipping direction and angles,and contact obliquely with the top and bottom strata.The dip angle of volcanic rock bed decreases from central to distal parts along a given edifice s limb,and the exact stratigraphic textural model is built up by interpolation following the top and/or bottom surface trends.A borehole named as Well YS2 is selected to perform impedance inversion constrained by stratified and pseudostratified models respectively.As a result,both the dimension and thickness of low-impedance show significant differences between the stratified model and the pseudostratified model.Therefore, the stratigraphic texture of volcanic edifice should be precisely characterized before impedance inversion,and then the stratigraphic textural model is built up with internal interpolation to ensure the inversion reliability.This study offers a theoretical basis for effective exploration of volcanic petroleum reservoirs.
引文
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[6] 张丽华,潘保芝,单刚义等.长岭地区火山岩储层流体性质测井预测.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6) :2151～2155 Zhang L H,Pan B Z,Shan G Y,el al.Fluid property logging prediction of volcanic reservoirs in the Changling area.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(6) :2151-2155
[7] 裴江云,刘洪,李幼铭等.共反射元弧叠加方法在火山岩成像中的应用.地球物理学报,2004,47(1) :106～111 Pei J Y,Liu H,Li Y M,et al.Application of seismic data common reflection arc stack method in imaging of igneous rocks.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1) :106-111
[8] 王建民,杨冬,魏修成等.多分量地震资料预测松辽盆地兴城地区深层火山岩与有利含气带.地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1914～1923 Wang J M,Yang D,Wei X C,et al.Predicting deep volcanic rocks and favorable gas zone near Xingcheng area in Songliao Basin using multi-component seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6) :1914-1923
[9] 杨辉,张研,邹才能等.松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷火山岩分布及天然气富集规律.地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1136～1143 Yang H,Zhang Y,Zou C N,et al.Volcanic rock distribution and gas abundance regularity in Xujiaweizi faulted depression,Songliao basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4) :1136-1143
[10] 匡朝阳,贺日政,高锐等.火成岩气藏储层预测及勘探技术--以松辽盆地长岭断陷为例.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :602～608 Kuang Z Y,He R Z,Gao R,et al.A technique of forecasting and exploring volcanic reservoirs an example of Changling Fault-depression in Songliao Basin.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2) :602-608
[11] 张明学,吴杰,胡玉双.松辽盆地丰乐地区营城组火山岩储层预测.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6) :2145～2150 Zhang M X,Wu J,Hu Y S.Prediction of reservoirs in volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng formation in the Fengle area north of the Songliao basin.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(6) :2145-2150
[12] Ouenes A,Brefort B,Meunier G,et al.New algorithm for automatic history matching:application of Simulated Annealing Method (SAM) to reservoir inverse modeling.Society of Petroleum Engineers (No.26297) ,1993,(2) :1-29
[13] 路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华等.改进的模拟退火算法及其在叠前储层参数反演中的应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :104～109 Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H,et al.Modified simulated annealing algorithm and its application in pre stack inversion of reservoir parameters.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(1) :104-109
[14] Chu L F,Komara M,Schatzinger R A.Efficient technique for inversion of reservoir properties using iteration method.Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal,2000:71-81
[15] 吴媚,符力耘,李维新.高分辨率非线性储层物性参数反演方法和应用.地球物理学报,2008,51(2) :546～557 Wu M,Fu L Y,Li W X.A high resolution nonlinear inversion method of reservoir parameters and its application to oil and gas exploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,S1(2) :546-557
[16] 唐华风,王璞珺,姜传金等.松辽盆地白垩系营城组隐伏火山机构物理模型和地震识别.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :530～536 Tang H F,Wang P J,Jiang C J,et al.Physical model and seismic recognition of concealed volcanic edifices of Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin,Cretaceous,NE China. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2007,22(2) :530-536
[17] Single R T,Jerram D A.The 3D facies architecture of flood basalt provinces and their internal heterogeneity:examples from the Palaeogene Skye Lava Field.Journal of the Geological Society,2004,161:911-926
[18] Jerram D A.Volcanology and facies architecture of flood basalts.Geological Society of America,2002,362:121-135
[19] Rey S S,Planke S,Symonds P A,et al.Seismic volcanostratigraphy of the Gascoyne margin,Western Australia.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2008,172(12) :112-131
[20] 王璞珺,张功成,蒙启安等.地震火山地层学及其在我国火山岩盆地中的应用.地球物理学报,201l,54(2) :597～610 Wang P J,Zhang G C,Meng Q A,et al.Applications of seismic volcanostratigraphy to the volcanic rifted basins of China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54 (2) :597-610
[21] 《地球科学大辞典》编委会.地质科学大辞典基础学科卷.北京:地质出版社,2006． 996 Editorial Committee of Geosciences Dictionary.Geosciences Dictionary:Volume of Basic Science (in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006． 996
[22] Haouesse A.Model behavior.Oil&Gas of Middle East,2009,3(10) :54-57
[2] 王璞珺,吴河勇,庞彦明等.松辽盆地火山岩相:相序、相模式与储层物性的定量关系.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(5) :805-812 Wang P J,Wu H Y,Pang Y M,et al.Volcanic facies of the Songliao Basin:sequence,model and the quantitative relationship with porosity & permeability of the volcanic reservoir.Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),2006,36(5) :805-812
[3] 唐华风,庞彦明,边伟华等.松辽盆地白垩系营城组火山机构储层定量分析.石油学报,2008,29(6) :841～845 Tang H F,Pang Y M,Bian W H,et al.Reservoirs quantitative analysis of volcanic edifice of Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin,Early Cretaceous,NE China.Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese),2008,29(6) :841-845
[4] 孙先达,索丽敏,张民志等.激光共聚焦扫描显微检测技术在大庆探区储层分析研究中的新进展.岩石学报,2005,21(5) :1479～1488 SunX D,Suo L M,Zhang M Z,et al.New progress of reservoir research by the technology of laser confocal scanning microscope analysis in the Daqing exploration area.Acta Petrologica Sinica (in Chinese).2005． 21 (5) :1479-1488
[5] 章凤奇,宋吉水,沈忠悦等.松辽盆地北部深层火山岩剩磁特征与裂缝定向研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1167～1173 Zhang F Q,Song J S,Shen Z Y,et al.A study on fracture orientation and characteristic of remnant paleomagnetization of deep-burial volcanic rocks,north of the Songliao Basin.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4) :1167-1173
[6] 张丽华,潘保芝,单刚义等.长岭地区火山岩储层流体性质测井预测.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6) :2151～2155 Zhang L H,Pan B Z,Shan G Y,el al.Fluid property logging prediction of volcanic reservoirs in the Changling area.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(6) :2151-2155
[7] 裴江云,刘洪,李幼铭等.共反射元弧叠加方法在火山岩成像中的应用.地球物理学报,2004,47(1) :106～111 Pei J Y,Liu H,Li Y M,et al.Application of seismic data common reflection arc stack method in imaging of igneous rocks.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1) :106-111
[8] 王建民,杨冬,魏修成等.多分量地震资料预测松辽盆地兴城地区深层火山岩与有利含气带.地球物理学报,2007,50(6) :1914～1923 Wang J M,Yang D,Wei X C,et al.Predicting deep volcanic rocks and favorable gas zone near Xingcheng area in Songliao Basin using multi-component seismic data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6) :1914-1923
[9] 杨辉,张研,邹才能等.松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷火山岩分布及天然气富集规律.地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1136～1143 Yang H,Zhang Y,Zou C N,et al.Volcanic rock distribution and gas abundance regularity in Xujiaweizi faulted depression,Songliao basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4) :1136-1143
[10] 匡朝阳,贺日政,高锐等.火成岩气藏储层预测及勘探技术--以松辽盆地长岭断陷为例.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2) :602～608 Kuang Z Y,He R Z,Gao R,et al.A technique of forecasting and exploring volcanic reservoirs an example of Changling Fault-depression in Songliao Basin.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2) :602-608
[11] 张明学,吴杰,胡玉双.松辽盆地丰乐地区营城组火山岩储层预测.地球物理学进展,2009,24(6) :2145～2150 Zhang M X,Wu J,Hu Y S.Prediction of reservoirs in volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng formation in the Fengle area north of the Songliao basin.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2009,24(6) :2145-2150
[12] Ouenes A,Brefort B,Meunier G,et al.New algorithm for automatic history matching:application of Simulated Annealing Method (SAM) to reservoir inverse modeling.Society of Petroleum Engineers (No.26297) ,1993,(2) :1-29
[13] 路鹏飞,杨长春,郭爱华等.改进的模拟退火算法及其在叠前储层参数反演中的应用.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1) :104～109 Lu P F,Yang C C,Guo A H,et al.Modified simulated annealing algorithm and its application in pre stack inversion of reservoir parameters.Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),2008,23(1) :104-109
[14] Chu L F,Komara M,Schatzinger R A.Efficient technique for inversion of reservoir properties using iteration method.Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal,2000:71-81
[15] 吴媚,符力耘,李维新.高分辨率非线性储层物性参数反演方法和应用.地球物理学报,2008,51(2) :546～557 Wu M,Fu L Y,Li W X.A high resolution nonlinear inversion method of reservoir parameters and its application to oil and gas exploration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,S1(2) :546-557
[16] 唐华风,王璞珺,姜传金等.松辽盆地白垩系营城组隐伏火山机构物理模型和地震识别.地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :530～536 Tang H F,Wang P J,Jiang C J,et al.Physical model and seismic recognition of concealed volcanic edifices of Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin,Cretaceous,NE China. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese) ,2007,22(2) :530-536
[17] Single R T,Jerram D A.The 3D facies architecture of flood basalt provinces and their internal heterogeneity:examples from the Palaeogene Skye Lava Field.Journal of the Geological Society,2004,161:911-926
[18] Jerram D A.Volcanology and facies architecture of flood basalts.Geological Society of America,2002,362:121-135
[19] Rey S S,Planke S,Symonds P A,et al.Seismic volcanostratigraphy of the Gascoyne margin,Western Australia.Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2008,172(12) :112-131
[20] 王璞珺,张功成,蒙启安等.地震火山地层学及其在我国火山岩盆地中的应用.地球物理学报,201l,54(2) :597～610 Wang P J,Zhang G C,Meng Q A,et al.Applications of seismic volcanostratigraphy to the volcanic rifted basins of China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54 (2) :597-610
[21] 《地球科学大辞典》编委会.地质科学大辞典基础学科卷.北京:地质出版社,2006． 996 Editorial Committee of Geosciences Dictionary.Geosciences Dictionary:Volume of Basic Science (in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006． 996
[22] Haouesse A.Model behavior.Oil&Gas of Middle East,2009,3(10) :54-57
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