地表破裂断层近场速度大脉冲研究
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摘要
在分析和研究近场强震记录的基础上,对地面运动速度大脉冲进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:有速度大脉冲的地面运动主要产生在断层周围,是地震发生时断层两盘突然错动在周围场地产生的特殊运动效应,单耳速度大脉冲常伴随有较大的地面永久位移,双耳或多耳速度脉冲常对应于位移大脉冲及可恢复位移,其产生机理与断层的破裂速度关系不大,与断层两盘的位移量有直接关系。速度大脉冲对近断层的长周期结构作用显著,值得研究。
On the basis of analyzing and studying near-fault records of strong earthquakes,the large velocity pulses of near-fault ground motions are numerically simulated.The results show that the large velocity pulse is a kind of special ground motion around faults caused by abrupt fault dislocations.The one-ear large velocity pulse is normally accompanied with a permanent ground displacement,whereas the two-ear large velocity pulse always goes with a large displacement pulse with retrievable displacement.The genetic mechanism of velocity pulse has little relation with fault rupture velocity,but has direct relation with fault dislocation.The large velocity pulses have significant influences on long-period structures near faults,and thus are worthy of further studies.
On the basis of analyzing and studying near-fault records of strong earthquakes,the large velocity pulses of near-fault ground motions are numerically simulated.The results show that the large velocity pulse is a kind of special ground motion around faults caused by abrupt fault dislocations.The one-ear large velocity pulse is normally accompanied with a permanent ground displacement,whereas the two-ear large velocity pulse always goes with a large displacement pulse with retrievable displacement.The genetic mechanism of velocity pulse has little relation with fault rupture velocity,but has direct relation with fault dislocation.The large velocity pulses have significant influences on long-period structures near faults,and thus are worthy of further studies.
引文
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[13]高孟潭,姜慧,俞言祥,许力生.震源机制和断层面的岩性对强地面运动的影响[J].岩石力学与工程,2005,24(17):3101-3106.
[14]姜慧,沈军,俞言详,许力生,柔洁.逆断层地震近场地震动影响场和地表形变模拟[J].地震工程与工程震动,2006,26(1):11-17.
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[16]Makris,N.and Ch,S.P.Effect of Damping Mechanisms on the Response of Seismically Isolated Structures[R].PEER Report 1998/06,Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,Berkeley,November 1998.
[17]Huang,C.T.and Chen,S.S.Near-field characteristics and engineering implications of the 1999 chi-chiearthquake[J].Earthquake engineering and engineering seismology,2000,2(1):23-34.
[18]Spudich,P.and Xu,L.S.Software for calculating earthquake ground otions from finite faults in verticallyvarying media[A].International Handbook of Earthquake&Engineering Seismology[C](Edited by Lee,H.K.,Kanamori,H.,Jennings,P.C.and Kisslinger,C.)Part B,IASPEI,2003:1633-1634.
[2]Bolt,B.A.The contribution of directivity focusing to earthquake intensities[R].Report 20,U.S.Army Corpsof Engineers,Waterways Experiment Station,Vicksburg.1983.
[3]Panza,G.F.and Suhadolc,P.Complete strong motion synthetics[A].Bolt,B.A.(Ed.),Seismic StrongMotion Synthetics,Computational Techniques 4[C],Orlando:Academic Press,1987,153-204.
[4]Kawase,H.and Aki,K.Topography effect at the critical SV-wave incidence:possible explanation of damagepattern by the Whittier Narrows,California,earthquake of 1 October 1987[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1990,80:1-22.
[5]Somerville,P.and Graves,R.Conditions that Give Rise to Unusually Large Long Period Ground Motions[J].The Structural Design of Tall Buildings,1993,2:211～232.
[6]Heaton,T.H.,Hall,J.F.,Wald,D.J.and Halling,M.W.Response of high rise and base isolated buildings tohypothetical MW 7.0 blind thrust earthquake[J].Science,1995,267:206-211.
[7]赵凤新.时程的相位差特性及设计地震动的合成[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,1992.
[8]Oglesby,D.and Archuleta,R.A.Faulting model for the 1992 Petrolia earthquake:can extreme groundacceleration be a source effect?[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1997,102(B6):11877-11897.
[9]Mavroeidis,G.P.and Papageorgiou,A.S.Near-source strong ground motion:characteristics and design issues[A],in Proc.of the Seventh U.S.National Conf.on Earthquake Engineering(7NCEE)[C].Boston,Massachusetts,2002.
[10]Abrahamson,N.A.Near-fault ground motions from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake[A],in Proc.of U.S.-Japan Workshop on the Effects of Near-Field Earthquake Shaking[C].San Francisco,California,20-21March 2000.
[11]Bouchon,M.,Bouin,M.,Karabulut,H.,et al.How fast is rupture during an earthquake?New insights fromthe 1999 Turkey earthquake[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,2001,28(14):2723-2726.
[12]Chen,K.C.,Huang,B.S.,Wang,J.H.,et al.An Observation of Rupture Pulses of the 20 September 1999 Chi-Chi,Taiwan,Earthquake from Near-Field Seismograms[J].Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2001,91(5):1247～1254.
[13]高孟潭,姜慧,俞言祥,许力生.震源机制和断层面的岩性对强地面运动的影响[J].岩石力学与工程,2005,24(17):3101-3106.
[14]姜慧,沈军,俞言详,许力生,柔洁.逆断层地震近场地震动影响场和地表形变模拟[J].地震工程与工程震动,2006,26(1):11-17.
[15]Makris,N.Rigidity-plasticity-viscosity:can electrorheological dampers protect base isolated structures fromnear-source ground motions?[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1997.26:571-591.
[16]Makris,N.and Ch,S.P.Effect of Damping Mechanisms on the Response of Seismically Isolated Structures[R].PEER Report 1998/06,Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,University of California,Berkeley,November 1998.
[17]Huang,C.T.and Chen,S.S.Near-field characteristics and engineering implications of the 1999 chi-chiearthquake[J].Earthquake engineering and engineering seismology,2000,2(1):23-34.
[18]Spudich,P.and Xu,L.S.Software for calculating earthquake ground otions from finite faults in verticallyvarying media[A].International Handbook of Earthquake&Engineering Seismology[C](Edited by Lee,H.K.,Kanamori,H.,Jennings,P.C.and Kisslinger,C.)Part B,IASPEI,2003:1633-1634.
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