地貌信息熵在地震后泥石流危险性评价中的应用
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摘要
地貌信息熵可以表示流域地貌面受侵蚀的程度,是判断地貌发育演化阶段的量化指标之一。基于流域系统地貌信息熵的原理和方法,采用GIS技术和Matlab、SPSS软件,对"5·12"汶川地震后都江堰市深溪沟流域内41个子流域的面积-高程积分值和地貌信息熵进行计算,研究了各个子流域的地貌发育演化基本特征和泥石流发育情况,并将分析结果和地震后野外实际调查的成果进行了对比研究,结果表明:在烈度为Ⅺ的都江堰深溪沟地震重灾区,地震引发的大量崩塌、滑坡导致松散固体物质广泛堆积于沟道内,不仅为泥石流提供丰富的物源,而且使沟道局部的地貌发生了突变,但通过"地貌信息熵"这种方法无法表达丰富物源的变化和沟道地貌的突变,因此,根据地貌信息熵判断地震后泥石流的危险性具有一定的局限性。为了使地震区泥石流危险性评价的结果更加真实、可靠与可信,必须结合流域的实际情况,对地貌信息熵判定的危险性结果进行综合分析与修正,或者通过多种评价方法进行对比论证和分析。
Geomorphic information entropy can be used to express the erosive degree of the watershed geomorphic surfaces,which is one of the quantitative indicators to judge the evolution stage of landform development.Based on principles and calculation methods of geomorphic information entropy,this article used GIS technology,Matlab and SPSS softwares to calculate hypsometric integral value and geomorphic information entropy of the 41 sub-basins in the DuJiangyan Shenxi gully watershed,studied landform development characteristics of overall basin and each sub-basin,explored debris flow development situation of each sub-basin channel,and compared with the field survey after the earthquake.The results showed that in the DuJiangyan of Sichuan earthquake-hit areas,large numbers of loose solid materials induced by Earthquake accumulated in the channel,not only supplied materials for debris flows,but also made the channel local topography change sudden.Using the method of geomorphic information entropy could not express these sudden changes,so debris flow risk assessment in the earthquake-hit areas based on geomorphic information entropy had certain limitations.In order to make the debris flow risk assessment result in earthquake-hit areas results more real,reliable and credible,it must be combined with the actual situation of the basin to analyze and correct comprehensive,or demonstrate and analyze through the several methods of risk assessment.
Geomorphic information entropy can be used to express the erosive degree of the watershed geomorphic surfaces,which is one of the quantitative indicators to judge the evolution stage of landform development.Based on principles and calculation methods of geomorphic information entropy,this article used GIS technology,Matlab and SPSS softwares to calculate hypsometric integral value and geomorphic information entropy of the 41 sub-basins in the DuJiangyan Shenxi gully watershed,studied landform development characteristics of overall basin and each sub-basin,explored debris flow development situation of each sub-basin channel,and compared with the field survey after the earthquake.The results showed that in the DuJiangyan of Sichuan earthquake-hit areas,large numbers of loose solid materials induced by Earthquake accumulated in the channel,not only supplied materials for debris flows,but also made the channel local topography change sudden.Using the method of geomorphic information entropy could not express these sudden changes,so debris flow risk assessment in the earthquake-hit areas based on geomorphic information entropy had certain limitations.In order to make the debris flow risk assessment result in earthquake-hit areas results more real,reliable and credible,it must be combined with the actual situation of the basin to analyze and correct comprehensive,or demonstrate and analyze through the several methods of risk assessment.
引文
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[13]Tang Bangxing,Li Xianwen,Wu Jishan,et al.Flood,debris flowand landslide hazards and prevention[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1994[唐邦兴,李宪文,吴积善,等.山洪泥石流滑坡灾害及防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1994]
[14]Li Yahui,Yang Wunian,Yang Xin,et al.Debris flow sensitivityevaluation based on the topography of the basin system informationentropy[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2011,1:55-57[李雅辉,杨武年,杨鑫,等.基于流域系统的地貌信息熵泥石流敏感性评价[J].中国水土保持,2011,1:55-57]
[15]Tang Guoan,Yang Xin.ArcGIS geographic information systemsspatial analysis experiments tutorial[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:442-444[汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:442-444]
[16]Strahler A N.Hypsometric(Area-Altitude)analysis of erosionaltopography[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,1952,63:1117-114
[2]Liu Xilin.Study on debris flow dangerous degree judgment[J].Journal of catastrophology,1988,3:(10-15)[刘希林.泥石流危险度判定的研究[J].灾害学,1988,3:10-15]
[3]Wei Yongming,Xie Youyu,Wu Yongqiu.Applications of relativityanalysis method and fuzzy synthetically assessment method in classi-fication of dangerous degree of debris flow[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,1988,7(2):108-117[魏永明,谢又予,吴永秋.关联度分析法和模糊综合评判法在泥石流沟谷危险度划分中的应用[J].自然灾害学报,1998,7(2):108-117]
[4]Tie Yongbo,Tang Chuan.Applicationof AHP in single debris flowrisk assessment[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2006,17(4):79-84[铁永波,唐川.层次分析法在单沟泥石流危险度评价中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(4):79-84]
[5]Wei Fangqiang,Hu Kaiheng.J L Lopez,et al.Debris flow hazardmomentum partitioning methods and applications[J].Chinese Sci-ence Bulletin,2003,48(3):298-301[韦方强,胡凯衡,J LLopez,等.泥石流危险性动量分区方法与应用[J].科学通报,2003,48(3):298-301]
[6]China Weather Network.Dujiangyan city introduced.http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101270111.shtml[中国天气网.都江堰城市介绍[OL].http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101270111.shtml]
[7]Shen Wenwu,Zhang Jingke,Xiang Zhongyang,et al.Status andpreliminary conservation program of earthquake ruins in Shenxigouregion Dujiangyan City[J].Dunhang Research,2010,6:46-53[谌文武,张景科,向忠阳,等.都江堰深溪沟地震遗迹现状及初步保护方案[J].敦煌研究,2010,6:46-53]
[8]Tai Jiaji,Deng Jianhui,Xie Heping.Surface ruptures induced byassociated Wenchuan Earthquake in Yingxiu and Hongkou area[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(3):109-118[台佳佳,邓建辉,谢和平.汶川大地震中映秀-虹口地区的地表破裂[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):109-118]
[9]Yang Zongji,Qiao Jianping,TianHongling.Study on rainfall in-duced regional geohazards prediction following Wenchun Earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2010,42(S1):38-42[杨宗佶,乔建平,田宏岭,等.地震后降雨激发区域地质灾害危险性预测[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2010,42(Suppl.1):38-42]
[10]Wang Bing,Zhao Jian.Study on topography information entropy inthe South of Jinan Yufu River watershed[J].Resources and Envi-ronment,2008,6:69-70[王斌,赵建.济南南部山地玉符河流域地貌信息熵研究[J].资源与环境,2008,6:69-70]
[11]Ai Nanshan.Second discussion of the comentropyof drainage-sys-tem[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1988,2(4):1-7[艾南山.再论流域系统的信息熵[J].水土保持学报,1988,2(4):1-7]
[12]Zhang Jingchun,Li Chuanchuan,Zhang Mei,et al.Geomorpholog-ic analysis of the Golmud River drainage basin based on hypsometricintegral value[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2011,29(3):257-263[张敬春,李川川,张梅,等.格尔木河流域面积-高程积分值的地貌学分析[J].山地学报,2011,29(3):257-263]
[13]Tang Bangxing,Li Xianwen,Wu Jishan,et al.Flood,debris flowand landslide hazards and prevention[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1994[唐邦兴,李宪文,吴积善,等.山洪泥石流滑坡灾害及防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1994]
[14]Li Yahui,Yang Wunian,Yang Xin,et al.Debris flow sensitivityevaluation based on the topography of the basin system informationentropy[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2011,1:55-57[李雅辉,杨武年,杨鑫,等.基于流域系统的地貌信息熵泥石流敏感性评价[J].中国水土保持,2011,1:55-57]
[15]Tang Guoan,Yang Xin.ArcGIS geographic information systemsspatial analysis experiments tutorial[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:442-444[汤国安,杨昕.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:442-444]
[16]Strahler A N.Hypsometric(Area-Altitude)analysis of erosionaltopography[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,1952,63:1117-114
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