莺歌海—琼东南盆地构造-地层格架及南海动力变形分区
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摘要
通过对盆地地震剖面构造-地层的详细解释,在莺歌海盆地和琼东南盆地(简称莺-琼盆地)古近纪同裂陷充填序列中识别出一条区域性的构造变革界而T70,该界面在地震剖面上表现为显著的下削上超的地震反射结构特征,发育的时代为32～30 Ma,与南海海底扩张起始和红河断裂带左旋走滑的时间一致;T70界面将莺-琼盆地的同裂陷期地层分隔为断陷层和断坳层(琼东南盆地)或坳陷层(莺歌海盆地)两个构造-地层单元,这些构造地层单元和构造变革界面是南海及其周缘区域板块构造重组事件在莺-琼盆地的响应.论文结合前人成果,论述了以红河—越东—Lupar线断层为界,可以将南海及其周缘地区划分为结构构造、演化特征和动力学背景有显著区别的两个构造变形区:挤出-逃逸构造区和古南海俯冲拖曳构造区.以此构造变形分区为基础,确定了莺-琼盆地的动力学机制,建立了其构造演化模式.本研究有助于从整体上理解南海周缘盆地的发育演化过程及主要控制机制,并对大陆边缘动力学研究和陆缘盆地区的油气勘探有重要意义.
The Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins together form one of the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basins in SE Asia.Here we present a prominent regional tectonic revolution boundary T70 in the Paleogene filling sequence based on structure-stratigraphic analysis of regional seismic profiles in the basins.The T70 boundary,characterized by distinct truncation and onlap seismic reflections,were dated at 32～30 Ma consistent with the onset and spreading of South China Sea oceanic ridge.This boundary separated two tectonic-stratigraphic units in the Paleogene sediments,i.e.,the lower faulting-controlled subsidence layer in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,and the upper faulting-sag layer in Qiongdongnan basin and the sag layer in Yinggehai basin.The tectonic-stratigraphic units and tectonic revolution boundaries in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins were originally responses to reorganization of plates in SE Asia.This study in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins confirmed that South China Sea and its adjacent areas can be divided into collision-extrusion tectonic province and proto-SCS slab pull tectonic province,which was mostly suggested by works on southern South China Sea.In this paper we clarify distinct structure features,different evolution history and dynamic settings of the two tectonic provinces.They are bounded by a transform boundary of Red River fault extended south along the Vietnamese margin and joined with the trench along the Lupar Line.Considering the dynamic deformational division in this paper,the dynamic mechanisms and their evolution models for Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins have been clearly determined.Our research will improve our understanding on the development and evolution of South China Sea and its peripheral area,and has a great significance for geodynamics of the continental margins and petroleum exploration in the South China Sea.
The Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins together form one of the largest Cenozoic sedimentary basins in SE Asia.Here we present a prominent regional tectonic revolution boundary T70 in the Paleogene filling sequence based on structure-stratigraphic analysis of regional seismic profiles in the basins.The T70 boundary,characterized by distinct truncation and onlap seismic reflections,were dated at 32～30 Ma consistent with the onset and spreading of South China Sea oceanic ridge.This boundary separated two tectonic-stratigraphic units in the Paleogene sediments,i.e.,the lower faulting-controlled subsidence layer in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins,and the upper faulting-sag layer in Qiongdongnan basin and the sag layer in Yinggehai basin.The tectonic-stratigraphic units and tectonic revolution boundaries in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins were originally responses to reorganization of plates in SE Asia.This study in Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins confirmed that South China Sea and its adjacent areas can be divided into collision-extrusion tectonic province and proto-SCS slab pull tectonic province,which was mostly suggested by works on southern South China Sea.In this paper we clarify distinct structure features,different evolution history and dynamic settings of the two tectonic provinces.They are bounded by a transform boundary of Red River fault extended south along the Vietnamese margin and joined with the trench along the Lupar Line.Considering the dynamic deformational division in this paper,the dynamic mechanisms and their evolution models for Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins have been clearly determined.Our research will improve our understanding on the development and evolution of South China Sea and its peripheral area,and has a great significance for geodynamics of the continental margins and petroleum exploration in the South China Sea.
引文
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[9]李思田,林畅松,张启明等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件.科学通报,1998, 43(8):797-810 Li S T,Lin C S,Zhang Q M,et al.Dynamics of Period-rifting on the Northern continental margin of South China Sea and tectonic event since 10 Ma.Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),1998,43(8):797-810
[10]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,1997 Gong Z S,Li S T,Xie T J,et al.Continental Margin Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of the Northern South China Sea(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1997
[11]江为为,宋海斌,郝天珧.南海北部陆架西区盆地地质、地球物理场特征及其深部结构.地球物理学进展,2001,16(3): 1-11 Jiang W W,Song H B,Hao T Y.The characters of geology and geophysical fields and deep structure of Northwestern of South China Sea.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese), 2001,16(3):1-11
[12]赵明辉,丘学林,叶春明等.南海东北部海陆深地震联测与滨海断裂带两侧地壳结构分析.地球物理学报,2011,47 (5):845-852 Zhao M H,Qiu XL,Ye C M,et al.Analysis on deep crustal structure along the onshore-offshore seismic profile across the Binhai(littoral) fault zone in northeastern South China Sea. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,47(5):845-852
[13]郝天珧,黄松,徐亚等.南海东北部及邻区深部结构的综合地球物理研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1785- 1796 Hao T Y,Huang S,Xu Y,et al.Comprehensive geophysical research on the deepstructure of northeastern South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1785-1796
[14]陈洁,钟广见,温宁.南海扩张的地震反射标志——南海东北部多道地震剖面结果.地球物理学报,2009,52(11): 2788-2797 Chen J,Zhong G J,Wen N.Seismic signs of the South China Sea spreading·——a case study of the seismic reflection profile in the northeastern South China Sea.Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2009,52(11):2788-2797
[15]王振峰,何家雄.琼东南盆地中新统油气运聚成藏条件及成藏组合分析.天然气地球科学,2003,14(2):107-115 Wang Z F,He J X.Miocene hydrocarbon's transferring and collecting conditionand reservoir combination analysis in Qiongdongnan basin.Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese), 2003,14(2):107-115
[16]姚伯初,万玲,吴能友.南海新生代构造演化及岩石圈三维结构特征.地质通报,2005,24(1):1-8 Yao B C,Wan L,Wu N Y.Cenozoic tectonic evolution and the 3D structure of the lithosphere of the South China Sea. Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),2005,24(1): 1-8
[17]Clift P,Lee G H,Duc N A,et al.Seismic reflection evidence for a Dangerous Grounds miniplate:No extrusion origin for the South China Sea.Tectonics,2008,27(3),doi:10.1029/ 2007TC002216
[18]Cullen A,Reemst P,Henstra G,et al.Rifting of the South China Sea:new perspectives.Petroleum Geoscience,2010, 16(3):273-282
[19]Morley C K.A tectonic model for the Tertiary evolution of strike-slip faults and rift basins in SE Asia.Tectonophysics, 2002,347(4):189-215
[20]Tapponnier P,Lacassin R,Leloup P H,et al.The Ailao Shan/Red River metamorphic belt;Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochina and South China.Nature,1990,343 (6257):431-437
[21]周蒂,王万银,庞雄等.地球物理资料所揭示的南海东北部中生代俯冲增生带.中国科学(D辑):地球科学, 2006,36(3):209-218 Zhou D,Wang W Y,Pang X,et al.Mesozoic subduction-accretion zone in northeastern South China Sea inferred from geophysical interpretations.Science in China(Series D ): Earth Science(in Chinese),2006,49(5):471-482
[22]谢玉洪.构造活动型盆地层序地层分析及天然气成藏模式——以莺歌海盆地为例.北京:地质出版社,2009 Xie Y H.Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Models in Technically Active Basins-Case Study on the Yinggehai Basin(in Chinese).Beijing: Geological Publishing House,2009
[23]孙向阳,任建业.莺歌海盆地形成与演化的动力学机制.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(4):45-50 Sun X Y,Ren J Y.Dynamical mechanism for generation and evolution of Yinggehai basin,the South China Sea.Marine Geology and Quanternary Geology(in Chinese),2003,23 (4):45-50
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