利用瑞雷面波反演华北克拉通东北部边界的岩石圈结构
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摘要
运用瑞雷面波相速度频散曲线分析和反演得到了华北克拉通东北部边界及其邻近区域岩石圈的精细S波速度结构.利用11个地震事件、60个台站的瑞雷面波波形资料,得到了周期从25—150s的相速度频散曲线,并且通过线性反演方法得到了深度从40—300km的S波速度结构.结果表明,该研究区域S波速度存在强烈的不均匀性.从东南部的燕山—辽东半岛区域到西北部的兴蒙造山带,岩石圈厚度有显著的变化,且在索伦缝合带附近变化最快.同时索伦缝合带下方的岩石圈和软流圈S波速度差异比其它地区要小.基于S波速度结构,我们推测:①太平洋俯冲在华北克拉通东北部边界岩石圈的破坏过程中起着重要的作用,但是它对索伦缝合带西北部的区域影响较小;②索伦缝合带附近岩石圈厚度的快速变化造成了局部的地幔物质上涌,从而造成了减压熔融,降低了岩石圈的S波速度.
We have inverted Rayleigh wave dispersion data to produce a high resolution image of the S-wave velocity structure of the lithosphere beneath northeast boundary region of the North China Craton and adjacent areas.Based on waveform data recorded from 60 stations and 11 events,Rayleigh wave phase velocities were measured at periods from 25 to 150 s.The phase velocities were utilized in subsequent inversion to solve for the S-wave velocity structure from 40 km down to 300 km depth.The result shows strong lateral seismic heterogeneity.The lithospheric thickness increases sharply across the Solonker suture from the Yanshan--Liaoning region to the Xing'an--Mongolian orogen.In addition,the S-wave velocity contrast between the lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath the Solonker suture is smoothed,compared to other areas.Based on our S-wave velocity image,we speculate that ① Pacific plate subduction may play an important role in lithospheric thinning in northeastern boundary region of the North China Craton,while the far field effect of this subduction is not evident to the northwest of Solonker suture;② the lithospheric thickness change beneath the Solonker suture may induce regional upwelling mantle flow and decompression melting,decreasing the S-wave velocity of the lithosphere.
We have inverted Rayleigh wave dispersion data to produce a high resolution image of the S-wave velocity structure of the lithosphere beneath northeast boundary region of the North China Craton and adjacent areas.Based on waveform data recorded from 60 stations and 11 events,Rayleigh wave phase velocities were measured at periods from 25 to 150 s.The phase velocities were utilized in subsequent inversion to solve for the S-wave velocity structure from 40 km down to 300 km depth.The result shows strong lateral seismic heterogeneity.The lithospheric thickness increases sharply across the Solonker suture from the Yanshan--Liaoning region to the Xing'an--Mongolian orogen.In addition,the S-wave velocity contrast between the lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath the Solonker suture is smoothed,compared to other areas.Based on our S-wave velocity image,we speculate that ① Pacific plate subduction may play an important role in lithospheric thinning in northeastern boundary region of the North China Craton,while the far field effect of this subduction is not evident to the northwest of Solonker suture;② the lithospheric thickness change beneath the Solonker suture may induce regional upwelling mantle flow and decompression melting,decreasing the S-wave velocity of the lithosphere.
引文
池际尚(主编).1988.中国东部新生代玄武岩及上地幔研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社:1--288.
鄂莫岚,赵大升.1987.中国东部新生代玄武岩及深源岩石包体[M].北京:科学出版社:1--490.
何正勤,叶太兰,丁志峰.2009.华北东北部的面波相速度层析成像研究[J].地球物理学报,52(5):1233--1242.
黄忠贤,胥颐,郝天珧,彭艳菊,郑月军.2009.中国东部海域岩石圈结构面波层析成像[J].地球物理学报,52(3):653--662.
嘉世旭,张成科,赵金仁,方盛明,刘志,赵俊猛.2009.华北东北部裂陷盆地与燕山隆起地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,52(1):99--110.
路凤香,韩柱国,郑建平,任迎新.1991.辽宁复县地区古生代岩石圈地幔特征[J].地质科技情报,10(增刊):2--20.
马杏垣.1987.中国岩石圈动力学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社:1--76.
An MJ,Feng M,Zhao Y.2009.Destruction of lithosphere within the north China craton inferred fromsurface wavetomography[J].GeochemGeophys Geosyst,10(8):Q08016,doi:10.1029/2009GC002562.
Baumont D,Paul A,Zandt G,Beck S L,Pedersen H A.2002.Lithospheric structure of the central Andes based on sur-face wave dispersion[J].J Geophys Res,107(B12):2731,doi:10.1029/2001JB000345.
Bourova E,Kassaras I,Pedersen H A,Yanovskaya T,Hatzfeld D,Kiratzi A.2005.Constraints on absolute S velocitiesbeneath the Aegean Sea fromsurface wave analysis[J].Geophys J Int,160(3):1006--1019.
Brune J,Dorman J.1963.Seismic waves and earth structure in the Canadian shield[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,53(1):167--209.
Chen L,Zheng T Y,Xu W W.2006.Athinnedlithospheric image of the Tanlu fault zone,eastern China:Constructedfrom wave equation based receiver function migration[J].J Geophys Res,111(B09312):2005JB003974.
Chen L,Tao W,Zhao L,Zheng T.2008.Distinct lateral variation of lithospheric thickness in the Northeastern NorthChina Craton[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,267(1--2):56--68.
Chen L.2009.Lithospheric structure variations between the eastern and central North China Craton from S-and P-re-ceiver function migration[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,173(3--4):216--227.
Darbyshire F A,Larsen T B,Mosegaard K,Dahl-Jensen T,Gudmundsson O,Bach T,Gregersen S,Pedersen H A,Hanka W.2004.Afirst detailed look at the Greenland lithosphere and upper mantle,using Rayleigh wave tomo-graphy[J].Geophys J Int,158(1):267--286.
Darbyshire F A.2005.Upper mantle structure of Arctic Canada from Rayleigh wave dispersion[J].Tectonophysics,405(1--4):1--23.
Davies G F.1994.Thermomechanical erosion of the lithosphere by mantle plumes[J].J Geophys Res,99(B8):15709--15722.
Fan Q C,Hooper P R.1989.Mineral chemistry of ultramafic xenoliths of eastern China:Implications for the upper man-tle composition and palaeogeotherm[J].Journal of Petrology,30(5):1117--1158.
Fan W M,Menzies M.1992.Destruction of agedlower lithosphere and accretion of asthenosphere mantle beneath easternChina[J].Geotectonic Metallogenia,16(3/4):171--180.
Fukao Y,Obayashi M,Inoue H,Nenbai M.1992.Subducting slabs stagnant in the mantle transition zone[J].J Geo-phys Res,97(B4):4809--4822.
Griffin WL,O’Reilly S Y,Ryan C G.1992.Composition andthermal structure of thelithosphere beneath South Africa,Siberia and China:Porton microprobe studies[C]∥Abstract of the International Symposium on Cenozoic VolcanicRocks and Deep-seated Xenoliths of China andits Environs.Beijing,65--66.
Griffin WL,Zhang A,O’Reilly S Y,Ryan C G.1998.Phanerozoic evolution of thelithosphere beneaththe Sino-KoreanCraton[C]∥Flower MFJ,Chung S L,Lo C H,Lee T Yeds.Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East A-sia,Geodyn Ser,Vol.27.Washington D C:Amer Geophy Union:107--126.
Herrin E,Goforth T O M.1977.Phase-matched filters:Application to the study of Rayleigh waves[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,67(5):1259--1275.
Herrmann R B.2002.Computer Programs in Seismology:Surface Waves,Receiver Functions and Crustal Structure[M].St Louis,Mo:Saint Louis Univ:Vol.3.20.
Huang Z,Li H,Zheng Y,Peng Y.2009.The lithosphere of North China Craton fromsurface wave tomography[J].Earth Planet Scie Lett,288(1--2):164--173.
King S D,Anderson D L.1995.An alternative mechanismof flood basalt formation[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,136(3--4):269--279.
Lawrence J F,Wiens D A,Nyblade A A,Anandakrishnan S,Shore P J,Voigt D.2006.Rayleigh wave phase velocityanalysis of the Ross Sea,Transantarctic Mountains,and East Antarctica froma temporary seismograph array[J].JGeophys Res,111(B06302),doi:10.1029/2005JB003812.
Li Y H,Wu QJ,Pan J T,Zhang F X,Zeng RS.2009.Thelithospheric thinning of North Chinainferredfrom Rayleighwave inversion[J].Geophys J Int,177(3):1334--1342.
Menzies M A,Fan W M,Zhang M.1993.Palaeozoic and Cenozoiclithoprobe andtheloss of>120kmof Archeanlitho-sphere,Sino-Korean craton,China[M]∥Prichard H M,Alabaster T,Harris N B W,Neary C R eds.MagmaticProcesses and Plate Tectonic.Geol Soc Special Publ,76(1):71--81.
Menzies M A,Xu Y G.1998.Geodynamics of the North China Craton[M]∥Flower MFJ,Chung S L,Lo C H,Lee TYeds.Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia Geodyn Ser.Washington,D C:Amer Geophy Union,27:155--165.
Pedersen H A,Coutant O,Deschamps A,Soulage M,Cotte N.2003.Measuring surface wave phase velocities beneathsmall broad-band arrays:Tests of an improved algorithm and application to the French Alps[J].Geophys J Int,154(3):903--912.
Sun W,Ding X,Hu Y H,Li X H.2007.The goldentransformation of the Cretaceous plate subductioninthe west Pacif-ic[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,262(3--4):533--542.
Tang Q,Chen L.2008.Structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the Yanshan belt and adjacent regions at thenortheastern boundary of the North China Craton from Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis[J].Tectonophysics,455(1--4):43--52.
Wang Q,Liu X Y.1986.Paleoplate tectonics between Cathaysia and AngaralandinInner Mongolia of China[J].Tecton-ics,5(7):1073--1088.
Wang H,Mo X.1995.An outline of the tectonic evolution of China[J].Episodes,18(1-2):6--16.
Wessel P,Smith W HF.1995.Newversion of the Generic Mapping Tools released[J].EOS,Trans Amer Geophys Un,76(33):329.
Woods M T,Okal E A.1996.Rayleigh-wave dispersion along the Hawaiian Swell:Atest of lithospheric thinning bythermal rejuvenation at a hotspot[J].Geophysical Journal International,125(2):325--339.
Wu F Y,Walker RJ,Ren X W,Sun D Y,Zhou X H.2003.Osmiumisotopic constraints onthe age of lithospheric man-tle beneath northeastern China[J].Chemical Geology,196(1--4):107--129.
Xu Y G.2007.Diachronouslithospheric thinning of the North China Craton andformation of the Daxin’anling--Taihangs-han gravity lineament[J].Lithos,96(1--2):281--298.
Xu Y G,Blusztajn J,Ma J L,Suzuki K,Liu J F,Hart S R.2008.Late Archeanto Early Proterozoiclithospheric mantlebeneath the western North China Craton:Sr-Nd-Os isotopes of peridotite xenoliths from Yangyuan and Fansi[J].Lithos,102(1--2):25--42.
Xu Y G,Fan W M,Lin G.1995.Lithosphere-asthenosphereinteraction:Acomparative study on Cenozoic and Mesozoicbasalts around Bohai area[J].Geotectonic Metallogeny,19(4):1--13.
Yao H,Xu G,Zhu L,Xiao X.2005.Mantle structure frominter-station Rayleigh wave dispersion andits tectonicimpli-cationin western China and neighboring regions[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,148(1):39--54.
Yin A,Nie S.1996.APhanerozoic palinspastic recon-struction of China andits neighbouring regions[M]∥Yin A,Har-rison T Meds.The Tectonic Evolution of China.New York:Cambridge Univ Press:442--485.
Yoshida Y,Suetsugu D.2004.Lithospheric thickness beneath the Pitcairn hot spot trail as inferred from Rayleigh wavedispersion[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,146(1--2):75--85.
Zhao D.2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:Insight into deep earth dynamics[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,146(1--2):3--34.
Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T,Hung S H.2009.Reactivation of an Archean craton:Constraints from P-and S-wavetomography in North China[J].Geophys Res Lett,36(17),L17306.
Zheng J P,O’Reilly S Y,Griffin WL,Lu F X,Zhang M.1998.Nature and evolution of Cenozoic lithospheric mantlebeneath Shandong peninsula,Sino-Korean craton,eastern China[J].International Geology Review,40(6):471--499.
Zheng J P,O’Reilly S Y,Griffin WL,Lu F X,Zhang M,Pearson NJ.2001.Relict refractory mantle beneaththe east-ern North China block:Significance for lithosphere evolution[J].Lithos,57(1):43--66.
Zheng J P,Griffin WL,O’Reilly S Y,Yu C M,Zhang H F,Pearson N,Zhang M.2007.Mechanismand timing oflithospheric modification and replacement beneaththe eastern North China Craton:Peridotitic xenoliths fromthe100Ma Fuxin basalts and a regional synthesis[J].Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta,71(21):5203--5225.
Zhu R,Zheng T.2009.Destruction geodynamics of the North China Craton andits Paleoproterozoic plate tectonics[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,54(19):3354--3366.
鄂莫岚,赵大升.1987.中国东部新生代玄武岩及深源岩石包体[M].北京:科学出版社:1--490.
何正勤,叶太兰,丁志峰.2009.华北东北部的面波相速度层析成像研究[J].地球物理学报,52(5):1233--1242.
黄忠贤,胥颐,郝天珧,彭艳菊,郑月军.2009.中国东部海域岩石圈结构面波层析成像[J].地球物理学报,52(3):653--662.
嘉世旭,张成科,赵金仁,方盛明,刘志,赵俊猛.2009.华北东北部裂陷盆地与燕山隆起地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,52(1):99--110.
路凤香,韩柱国,郑建平,任迎新.1991.辽宁复县地区古生代岩石圈地幔特征[J].地质科技情报,10(增刊):2--20.
马杏垣.1987.中国岩石圈动力学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社:1--76.
An MJ,Feng M,Zhao Y.2009.Destruction of lithosphere within the north China craton inferred fromsurface wavetomography[J].GeochemGeophys Geosyst,10(8):Q08016,doi:10.1029/2009GC002562.
Baumont D,Paul A,Zandt G,Beck S L,Pedersen H A.2002.Lithospheric structure of the central Andes based on sur-face wave dispersion[J].J Geophys Res,107(B12):2731,doi:10.1029/2001JB000345.
Bourova E,Kassaras I,Pedersen H A,Yanovskaya T,Hatzfeld D,Kiratzi A.2005.Constraints on absolute S velocitiesbeneath the Aegean Sea fromsurface wave analysis[J].Geophys J Int,160(3):1006--1019.
Brune J,Dorman J.1963.Seismic waves and earth structure in the Canadian shield[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,53(1):167--209.
Chen L,Zheng T Y,Xu W W.2006.Athinnedlithospheric image of the Tanlu fault zone,eastern China:Constructedfrom wave equation based receiver function migration[J].J Geophys Res,111(B09312):2005JB003974.
Chen L,Tao W,Zhao L,Zheng T.2008.Distinct lateral variation of lithospheric thickness in the Northeastern NorthChina Craton[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,267(1--2):56--68.
Chen L.2009.Lithospheric structure variations between the eastern and central North China Craton from S-and P-re-ceiver function migration[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,173(3--4):216--227.
Darbyshire F A,Larsen T B,Mosegaard K,Dahl-Jensen T,Gudmundsson O,Bach T,Gregersen S,Pedersen H A,Hanka W.2004.Afirst detailed look at the Greenland lithosphere and upper mantle,using Rayleigh wave tomo-graphy[J].Geophys J Int,158(1):267--286.
Darbyshire F A.2005.Upper mantle structure of Arctic Canada from Rayleigh wave dispersion[J].Tectonophysics,405(1--4):1--23.
Davies G F.1994.Thermomechanical erosion of the lithosphere by mantle plumes[J].J Geophys Res,99(B8):15709--15722.
Fan Q C,Hooper P R.1989.Mineral chemistry of ultramafic xenoliths of eastern China:Implications for the upper man-tle composition and palaeogeotherm[J].Journal of Petrology,30(5):1117--1158.
Fan W M,Menzies M.1992.Destruction of agedlower lithosphere and accretion of asthenosphere mantle beneath easternChina[J].Geotectonic Metallogenia,16(3/4):171--180.
Fukao Y,Obayashi M,Inoue H,Nenbai M.1992.Subducting slabs stagnant in the mantle transition zone[J].J Geo-phys Res,97(B4):4809--4822.
Griffin WL,O’Reilly S Y,Ryan C G.1992.Composition andthermal structure of thelithosphere beneath South Africa,Siberia and China:Porton microprobe studies[C]∥Abstract of the International Symposium on Cenozoic VolcanicRocks and Deep-seated Xenoliths of China andits Environs.Beijing,65--66.
Griffin WL,Zhang A,O’Reilly S Y,Ryan C G.1998.Phanerozoic evolution of thelithosphere beneaththe Sino-KoreanCraton[C]∥Flower MFJ,Chung S L,Lo C H,Lee T Yeds.Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East A-sia,Geodyn Ser,Vol.27.Washington D C:Amer Geophy Union:107--126.
Herrin E,Goforth T O M.1977.Phase-matched filters:Application to the study of Rayleigh waves[J].Bull Seism SocAmer,67(5):1259--1275.
Herrmann R B.2002.Computer Programs in Seismology:Surface Waves,Receiver Functions and Crustal Structure[M].St Louis,Mo:Saint Louis Univ:Vol.3.20.
Huang Z,Li H,Zheng Y,Peng Y.2009.The lithosphere of North China Craton fromsurface wave tomography[J].Earth Planet Scie Lett,288(1--2):164--173.
King S D,Anderson D L.1995.An alternative mechanismof flood basalt formation[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,136(3--4):269--279.
Lawrence J F,Wiens D A,Nyblade A A,Anandakrishnan S,Shore P J,Voigt D.2006.Rayleigh wave phase velocityanalysis of the Ross Sea,Transantarctic Mountains,and East Antarctica froma temporary seismograph array[J].JGeophys Res,111(B06302),doi:10.1029/2005JB003812.
Li Y H,Wu QJ,Pan J T,Zhang F X,Zeng RS.2009.Thelithospheric thinning of North Chinainferredfrom Rayleighwave inversion[J].Geophys J Int,177(3):1334--1342.
Menzies M A,Fan W M,Zhang M.1993.Palaeozoic and Cenozoiclithoprobe andtheloss of>120kmof Archeanlitho-sphere,Sino-Korean craton,China[M]∥Prichard H M,Alabaster T,Harris N B W,Neary C R eds.MagmaticProcesses and Plate Tectonic.Geol Soc Special Publ,76(1):71--81.
Menzies M A,Xu Y G.1998.Geodynamics of the North China Craton[M]∥Flower MFJ,Chung S L,Lo C H,Lee TYeds.Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia Geodyn Ser.Washington,D C:Amer Geophy Union,27:155--165.
Pedersen H A,Coutant O,Deschamps A,Soulage M,Cotte N.2003.Measuring surface wave phase velocities beneathsmall broad-band arrays:Tests of an improved algorithm and application to the French Alps[J].Geophys J Int,154(3):903--912.
Sun W,Ding X,Hu Y H,Li X H.2007.The goldentransformation of the Cretaceous plate subductioninthe west Pacif-ic[J].Earth Planet Sci Lett,262(3--4):533--542.
Tang Q,Chen L.2008.Structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the Yanshan belt and adjacent regions at thenortheastern boundary of the North China Craton from Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis[J].Tectonophysics,455(1--4):43--52.
Wang Q,Liu X Y.1986.Paleoplate tectonics between Cathaysia and AngaralandinInner Mongolia of China[J].Tecton-ics,5(7):1073--1088.
Wang H,Mo X.1995.An outline of the tectonic evolution of China[J].Episodes,18(1-2):6--16.
Wessel P,Smith W HF.1995.Newversion of the Generic Mapping Tools released[J].EOS,Trans Amer Geophys Un,76(33):329.
Woods M T,Okal E A.1996.Rayleigh-wave dispersion along the Hawaiian Swell:Atest of lithospheric thinning bythermal rejuvenation at a hotspot[J].Geophysical Journal International,125(2):325--339.
Wu F Y,Walker RJ,Ren X W,Sun D Y,Zhou X H.2003.Osmiumisotopic constraints onthe age of lithospheric man-tle beneath northeastern China[J].Chemical Geology,196(1--4):107--129.
Xu Y G.2007.Diachronouslithospheric thinning of the North China Craton andformation of the Daxin’anling--Taihangs-han gravity lineament[J].Lithos,96(1--2):281--298.
Xu Y G,Blusztajn J,Ma J L,Suzuki K,Liu J F,Hart S R.2008.Late Archeanto Early Proterozoiclithospheric mantlebeneath the western North China Craton:Sr-Nd-Os isotopes of peridotite xenoliths from Yangyuan and Fansi[J].Lithos,102(1--2):25--42.
Xu Y G,Fan W M,Lin G.1995.Lithosphere-asthenosphereinteraction:Acomparative study on Cenozoic and Mesozoicbasalts around Bohai area[J].Geotectonic Metallogeny,19(4):1--13.
Yao H,Xu G,Zhu L,Xiao X.2005.Mantle structure frominter-station Rayleigh wave dispersion andits tectonicimpli-cationin western China and neighboring regions[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,148(1):39--54.
Yin A,Nie S.1996.APhanerozoic palinspastic recon-struction of China andits neighbouring regions[M]∥Yin A,Har-rison T Meds.The Tectonic Evolution of China.New York:Cambridge Univ Press:442--485.
Yoshida Y,Suetsugu D.2004.Lithospheric thickness beneath the Pitcairn hot spot trail as inferred from Rayleigh wavedispersion[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,146(1--2):75--85.
Zhao D.2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:Insight into deep earth dynamics[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,146(1--2):3--34.
Zhao L,Allen R M,Zheng T,Hung S H.2009.Reactivation of an Archean craton:Constraints from P-and S-wavetomography in North China[J].Geophys Res Lett,36(17),L17306.
Zheng J P,O’Reilly S Y,Griffin WL,Lu F X,Zhang M.1998.Nature and evolution of Cenozoic lithospheric mantlebeneath Shandong peninsula,Sino-Korean craton,eastern China[J].International Geology Review,40(6):471--499.
Zheng J P,O’Reilly S Y,Griffin WL,Lu F X,Zhang M,Pearson NJ.2001.Relict refractory mantle beneaththe east-ern North China block:Significance for lithosphere evolution[J].Lithos,57(1):43--66.
Zheng J P,Griffin WL,O’Reilly S Y,Yu C M,Zhang H F,Pearson N,Zhang M.2007.Mechanismand timing oflithospheric modification and replacement beneaththe eastern North China Craton:Peridotitic xenoliths fromthe100Ma Fuxin basalts and a regional synthesis[J].Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta,71(21):5203--5225.
Zhu R,Zheng T.2009.Destruction geodynamics of the North China Craton andits Paleoproterozoic plate tectonics[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,54(19):3354--3366.
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