峨眉山大火成岩省地壳速度结构与古地幔柱活动遗迹:来自丽江-清镇宽角地震资料的约束
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摘要
峨眉山大火成岩省是中国境内唯一被国际学术界认可的大火成岩省,普遍认为其形成与古地幔柱有关.以往对峨眉山古老地幔柱事件的识别,主要依靠地质地球化学等资料,缺少深部地球物理探测结果的约束和支持.为此,我们利用"丽江-攀枝花-清镇"剖面的人工源宽角地震数据重建该地区地壳速度结构,以便更好地理解峨眉山大火成岩省的深部结构与属性特征.前人根据茅口灰岩的剥蚀程度,将峨眉山大火成岩省从分布空间上划分为内、中、外三个带.跨越内、中、外带剖面地震探测结果显示:(1)沿剖面结晶基底的平均深度在2 km左右.(2)中地壳平均速度结构为6.2~6.6 km/s;内带局部呈现大约幅值为0.1~0.2 km/s的高速异常;下地壳速度结构,在内带为6.9~7.2 km/s;中带和外带偏低,为6.7~7.0 km/s;在内带和中带交界附近,受小江断裂带的影响,上、中、下地壳均呈现相对低速异常特征.(3)小江断裂两侧,尤其东侧地壳平均速度较低,且固结地壳的平均速度也较低,初步认为小江断裂至少向地下延伸至40 km以深,可能切穿整个地壳.(4)沿剖面Moho面深度,内带范围内深约47~53 km,中间呈上隆的特征;中带深约42~50 km,外带深约38~42 km,中带至外带,Moho面逐渐变浅.内带Moho面局部隆起、(固结)地壳呈现高速异常特征,可能是二叠纪地幔柱活动引起的底侵作用及岩浆上侵的结果,为古地幔柱的活动遗迹.
引文
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