缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层多类多尺度建模方法研究:以塔河油田四区奥陶系油藏为例
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摘要
碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层历经多期构造运动以及强烈的风化、剥蚀和淋滤作用,储集空间类型多样,形态极不规则且随机分布,导致储层三维空间描述困难,现有的碎屑岩储层建模方法难以直接借鉴。文中提出碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层应该按照大型洞穴、溶蚀孔洞、大尺度裂缝、小尺度裂缝的"多类多尺度建模"的基本思路。以钻井和地震识别成果作为大型洞穴确定性数据,以地震波阻抗的大型洞穴发育概率体作为井间约束数据,在垂向岩溶分带和平面古地貌分区的岩溶相控下,采用具有趋势的序贯指示模拟方法,建立大型洞穴离散分布模型;以大型洞穴分布作为"相控"约束条件,以井孔解释的溶蚀孔洞作为硬数据,采用序贯指示模拟算法,建立溶蚀孔洞随机分布模型;根据蚂蚁体地震属性自动拾取的断裂信息,人机交互补充和修正地震解释断层数据,建立确定性的大尺度裂缝离散分布模型;基于大尺度裂缝离散分布模型建立井间裂缝发育概率体,根据井孔裂缝密度、裂缝产状,结合退火模拟和基于目标的示性点过程模拟方法,建立小尺度裂缝离散分布模型。以塔河油田四区奥陶系缝洞型油藏为例,建立研究区缝洞型储集体空间展布模型,再现缝洞型储层的结构形态。
The carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs have experienced multiple tectonic movements,strong weathering,denudation and eluviations and the storage space has various types,irregular geometrical shape and stochastic spatial distribution,resulting in the difficulties in 3D description of the reservoirs and direct application of the existing modeling method of clastic rock reservoir.This paper proposed the research idea of classification modeling of large cave,solution pores,large scale fractures and small scale fractures about carbonate fracture-vuggy reservoir.Taking drilling and seismic interpretation as deterministic data of large cave,restrained by large cave development probability cube from seismic wave impedance interwell,under the frame of vertical karst zoning and planar paleogeomorphy division,we use the sequential indicator simulation with a trend to establish the discrete distribution model of large cave;using large cave discrete distribution as the facies controlling condition,taking the solution pores interpretation from borehole as hard data,making use of the sequential indicator simulation algorithm,we establish the stochastic distribution model of solution pores;according to the fault information automatically extracted from seismic ant cube,revising seismic interpretation fault data by man-machine interactive,we build the deterministic discrete distribution model of large scale fractures;obtaining the interwell development probability body of small scale fractures based on discrete distribution model of large scale fractures,integrating the fracture density and attitude of borehole,we set up the discrete distribution model of small scale fractures by combination of the annealing simulation and the object-based marked point processes simulation.Finally we use the above modelling methods,taking the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield 4th block as an example,to set up the geometrical spatial model of fracture-vuggy reservoir.The model can display 3D structure shape of the reservoir.
The carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs have experienced multiple tectonic movements,strong weathering,denudation and eluviations and the storage space has various types,irregular geometrical shape and stochastic spatial distribution,resulting in the difficulties in 3D description of the reservoirs and direct application of the existing modeling method of clastic rock reservoir.This paper proposed the research idea of classification modeling of large cave,solution pores,large scale fractures and small scale fractures about carbonate fracture-vuggy reservoir.Taking drilling and seismic interpretation as deterministic data of large cave,restrained by large cave development probability cube from seismic wave impedance interwell,under the frame of vertical karst zoning and planar paleogeomorphy division,we use the sequential indicator simulation with a trend to establish the discrete distribution model of large cave;using large cave discrete distribution as the facies controlling condition,taking the solution pores interpretation from borehole as hard data,making use of the sequential indicator simulation algorithm,we establish the stochastic distribution model of solution pores;according to the fault information automatically extracted from seismic ant cube,revising seismic interpretation fault data by man-machine interactive,we build the deterministic discrete distribution model of large scale fractures;obtaining the interwell development probability body of small scale fractures based on discrete distribution model of large scale fractures,integrating the fracture density and attitude of borehole,we set up the discrete distribution model of small scale fractures by combination of the annealing simulation and the object-based marked point processes simulation.Finally we use the above modelling methods,taking the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield 4th block as an example,to set up the geometrical spatial model of fracture-vuggy reservoir.The model can display 3D structure shape of the reservoir.
引文
[1]王根久,王桂宏,余国义,等.塔河碳酸盐岩油藏地质模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):109-111.
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[7]赵彬,侯加根,刘钰铭.基于示点性过程模拟的碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层建模方法[J].科技导报,2011,29(3):39-43.
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[11]刘中春,李江龙,吕成远.缝洞型油藏储集空间类型对油井含水率影响的实验研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):271-274.
[12]吴胜和,李宇鹏.储层地质建模的现状与展望[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(3):53-60.
[13]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.向源潜流侵蚀岩溶作用及其成因机理:以塔河油田早海西风化壳岩溶洞穴层为例[J].中国岩溶,2005,24(1):35-40.
[14]张涛,蔡希源.塔河地区加里东中期古岩溶作用及分布模式[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1125-1134.
[15]高玉飞,钟建华,艾合买提江,等.塔河油田四区奥陶系裂缝特征及其成因机制研究[J].中国地质,2009,36(6):1257-1267.
[16]黄成毅,邹胜章,潘文庆.古潮湿环境下碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏结构模式:以塔里木盆地奥陶系为例[J].中国岩溶,2006,25(3):250-255.
[17]李阳,范智慧.塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞系统发育模式与分布规律[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):101-106.
[18]景建恩,魏文博,梅忠武.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶洞穴发育特征及其与油气的关系[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(5):622-625.
[19]温志新,王红漫,漆立新,等.塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):94-100.
[20]Mitra P P,Singh K.Synergy through seismic attributes inreservoir management:A case study[C]∥SPE 68648,Con-ference Paper of SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference andExhibition.Jakarta,Indonesia,2001:17-19.
[21]Kadlec B J,Dorn G A,Tufo H M.Interactive 3-D computa-tion of fault surfaces using level sets[J].Visual Geosciences,2008,13(1):133-138.
[22]Pepper R,Bejarano G.Advances in seismic fault interpreta-tion automation[C]∥Poster Presentation of AAPG AnnualConvention.2005.
[23]张欣.蚂蚁追踪在断层自动解释中的应用:以平湖油田放鹤亭构造为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):278-281.
[2]陈恭洋,张永贵.千米桥潜山碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层随机建模[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(5):389-392.
[3]杨辉廷,江同文,颜其彬,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层三维地质建模方法初探[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2004,23(4):11-16.
[4]赵敏,康志宏,刘洁.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层建模与应用[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(3):318-320.
[5]万方,崔文彬,李士超.RMS提取技术在溶洞型碳酸盐岩储层地质建模中的应用[J].现代地质,2010,24(2):279-286.
[6]赵彬,侯加根,刘钰铭.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层三维地质建模与应用[J].石油天然气学报:江汉石油学院学报,2011,33(5):12-16.
[7]赵彬,侯加根,刘钰铭.基于示点性过程模拟的碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层建模方法[J].科技导报,2011,29(3):39-43.
[8]康玉柱.海相成油新理论与塔河大油田的发现[J].地质力学学报,2002,8(3):201-206.
[9]Choquette P W,Pray L C.Geologic nomenclature and classi-fication of porosity in sedimentary carbonates[J].AAPG,1970,54:207-250.
[10]郑松青,李阳,张宏方.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏网络模型[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(3):72-75.
[11]刘中春,李江龙,吕成远.缝洞型油藏储集空间类型对油井含水率影响的实验研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(2):271-274.
[12]吴胜和,李宇鹏.储层地质建模的现状与展望[J].海相油气地质,2007,12(3):53-60.
[13]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.向源潜流侵蚀岩溶作用及其成因机理:以塔河油田早海西风化壳岩溶洞穴层为例[J].中国岩溶,2005,24(1):35-40.
[14]张涛,蔡希源.塔河地区加里东中期古岩溶作用及分布模式[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1125-1134.
[15]高玉飞,钟建华,艾合买提江,等.塔河油田四区奥陶系裂缝特征及其成因机制研究[J].中国地质,2009,36(6):1257-1267.
[16]黄成毅,邹胜章,潘文庆.古潮湿环境下碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏结构模式:以塔里木盆地奥陶系为例[J].中国岩溶,2006,25(3):250-255.
[17]李阳,范智慧.塔河奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏缝洞系统发育模式与分布规律[J].石油学报,2011,32(1):101-106.
[18]景建恩,魏文博,梅忠武.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶洞穴发育特征及其与油气的关系[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(5):622-625.
[19]温志新,王红漫,漆立新,等.塔河油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):94-100.
[20]Mitra P P,Singh K.Synergy through seismic attributes inreservoir management:A case study[C]∥SPE 68648,Con-ference Paper of SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference andExhibition.Jakarta,Indonesia,2001:17-19.
[21]Kadlec B J,Dorn G A,Tufo H M.Interactive 3-D computa-tion of fault surfaces using level sets[J].Visual Geosciences,2008,13(1):133-138.
[22]Pepper R,Bejarano G.Advances in seismic fault interpreta-tion automation[C]∥Poster Presentation of AAPG AnnualConvention.2005.
[23]张欣.蚂蚁追踪在断层自动解释中的应用:以平湖油田放鹤亭构造为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):278-281.
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