蜀南地区茅口组古岩溶缝洞系统与地层水化学性质的关系
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摘要
在总结和分析451口井地层水测试资料的基础上,对蜀南地区茅口组地层水矿化度和水型特征进行研究,结合钻井、地震、测井等资料,系统总结了古岩溶的垂向分带模式,阐述了各岩溶带在剖面上的发育特征,并对不同化学性质的地层水的储存方式进行了分析。结果表明:该区地层水矿化度普遍较低,变化范围大,矿化度分布特征与地层水势能有关。CaCl2型地层水矿化度较高,具正向浓缩、深变质、渗流缓慢等特征,NaHCO3型、Na2SO4型、MgCl2型水矿化度较低,其出现与岩溶作用有关,所在地区的地层水性质不活跃。古岩溶带在垂向上可分为:表层岩溶带、垂直渗流岩溶带、水平径流岩溶带和深部潜流岩溶带,不同岩溶带特征各异。CaCl2型水的形成与大气淡水淋滤、地层压实释水和埋藏变质作用有关,以深层滞留水方式赋存于地层孔隙中,低矿化度水则以封存水方式储存于岩溶封闭体中。
Based on a summary and analysis of the analytical data of the formation water in 451 wells,the authors studied the characteristics of the salinity and types of the formation water of Maokou Formation in Shunan area.In combination with the drilling,seismic and logging data,this paper has systematically summarized the vertical zonal mode of the paleokarst,elaborated the development features of various karst zones along the profile,and analyzed the storage styles of the formation waters with different chemical properties.The result shows that the salinity of the formation water is on the whole relatively low with a large variation range and that the distribution of the salinity is connected with the potential energy.CaCl2-type formation water is of high salinity,positive condensation,high metamorphism and slow seepage.NaHCO3-type water,Na2SO4-type water and MgCl2-type water have low salinity,their existence is related to karstification,and the place of their distribution is of negative water property.The paleokarst system can be divided into four vertical sections: surface karst zone,vertical infiltration karst zone,horizontal runoff karst zone and deep underflow karst zone,with each zone having its own features.The generation of CaCl2-type formation water is related to such factors as the leaching of atmospheric water,the releasing of compaction water,and the burial metamorphism.Such formation water is stored in pores in the form of deep resident water while the low-salinity water is kept in the karst closed system in the form of burial water.
Based on a summary and analysis of the analytical data of the formation water in 451 wells,the authors studied the characteristics of the salinity and types of the formation water of Maokou Formation in Shunan area.In combination with the drilling,seismic and logging data,this paper has systematically summarized the vertical zonal mode of the paleokarst,elaborated the development features of various karst zones along the profile,and analyzed the storage styles of the formation waters with different chemical properties.The result shows that the salinity of the formation water is on the whole relatively low with a large variation range and that the distribution of the salinity is connected with the potential energy.CaCl2-type formation water is of high salinity,positive condensation,high metamorphism and slow seepage.NaHCO3-type water,Na2SO4-type water and MgCl2-type water have low salinity,their existence is related to karstification,and the place of their distribution is of negative water property.The paleokarst system can be divided into four vertical sections: surface karst zone,vertical infiltration karst zone,horizontal runoff karst zone and deep underflow karst zone,with each zone having its own features.The generation of CaCl2-type formation water is related to such factors as the leaching of atmospheric water,the releasing of compaction water,and the burial metamorphism.Such formation water is stored in pores in the form of deep resident water while the low-salinity water is kept in the karst closed system in the form of burial water.
引文
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[12]李鹏春,刘春晓,张渊,等.塔中奥陶系地层水化学特征及其成因与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):802-808.Li Pengchun,Liu Chunxiao,Zhang Yun,et al.Geochemicalbehaviors of the Ordovician formation water in the Tazhong areaand its origin and evolution[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):802-808(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[14]柳广弟,张厚福.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.Liu Guangdi,Zhang Houfu.Petroleum Geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009(in Chinese).
[15]洪余刚.乐山-龙女寺古隆起奥陶系风化壳岩溶储层特征与地震预测研究[D].西南石油大学,2006.Hong Yugang.The Karst Reservoir Characteristic and SeismicPrediction to the Ordovician Stratum on the Leshan-LongnvsiPaleouplift[D].Southwest Petroleum University,2006(in Chinesewith English abstract).
[16]陈胜.塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶及储层特征研究[D].成都理工大学,2007.Cheng Shen.The Research on Characteristics of OrdovicianPalaeokarst and Reservoir in Tahe Oil Field[D].ChengduUniversity of Technology,2007(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]焦保雷.蜀南地区中二叠统缝洞储层特征研究[D].成都理工大学,2010.Jiao Baolei.The Study of Fracture-cave reservoir characterizationof the Middle Permian in the South of Sichuan Basin[D].Chengdu University of Technology,2010(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[18]韩波,冯乔,赵振宇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系风化壳岩溶特征及储层分析[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(5):24-29.Han Bo,Feng Qiao,Zhao Zhenyu,et al.Ordovician karstweathering crust and reservoirs in central and eastern Ordos basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2011,27(5):24-29(in Chinesewith English abstract).
[19]庞雯,史鸿祥.轮南地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶特征[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(1):37-40.Pang Wen,Shi Hongxiang.The paleo-karst feature of Ordoviciancarbonate rocks in Lunnan area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(1):37-40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]刘兴礼,张贵斌,李多丽,等.塔中地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩岩溶测井特征[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):194-196.Liu Xingli,Zhang Guibin,Li Duoli,et al.The karst log responseof carbonate rocks of Lower Ordovician in Tazhong area,Tarimbasin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(2):194-196(inChinese with English abstract).
[21]丁勇.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶型储层特征及对开发的影响[D].成都理工大学,2009.Ding Yong.Character and Effect on Exploitation of OrdovicianKarst Type Reservoir in Tahe oilfield[D].Chengdu University ofTechnology,2009(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]苏中堂.鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区奥陶系马家沟组沉积相与古岩溶储层特征[D].成都理工大学,2008.Su Zhongtang.Sedimentary Facies and Character of PalaeokarstCust Reservoir in Majiagou Formation in Ordovician,Tabamiaoarea,Ordos[D].Chengdu University of Technology,2008(inChinese with English abstract).
[23]张银德.靖边气田马五_1气藏南二区地层水特征及开发对策[D].成都理工大学,2008.Zhang Yinde.Characteristics of the Formation Water and theCorresponding Exploitation Strategy for AreaⅡin SouthernMa5_1 reservoir in Jingbian gas field[D].Chengdu University ofTechnology,2008(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]乔小娟,李国敏,都洁,等.太原市西山岩溶水系统水文地球化学特征分析[J].中国岩溶,2008,27(4):353-356.Qiao Xiaojuan,Li Guoming,Du Jie,et al.Hydrochemical featuresof Xishan karst groundwater system in Taiyuan[J].CarsologicaSinica,2008,27(4):353-356(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]刘文波,高存荣,刘滨,等.河套平原浅层地下水水化学成分及其相关性分析[J].中国地质,2010,37(3):816-823.Liu Wenbo,Gao Cunrong,Liu Bin,et al.Hydro-chemicalconstituents and correlation analysis of shallow ground water in theHetao Plain[J].Geology in China,2010,37(3):816-823(inChinese with English abstract).
[4]王宇.西南岩溶石山区断陷盆地岩溶水系统分类及供水意义[J].中国地质,2003,30(2):220-224.Wang Yu.Classification of karst water systems in karst down-faulted basins of the southwestern China karst region[J].Geology inChina,2003,30(2):220-224(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]张彦林,李生永,付东林,等.陇东盆地西部岩溶地下水形成机制研究[J].中国地质,2006,33(6):1393-1399.Zhang Yanlin,Li Shengyong,Fu Donglin,et al.Formationmechanism of karst groundwater in the western Longdong basin,northwestern China[J].Geology in China,2006,33(6):1393-1399(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]徐国盛,刘树根.川东石炭系天然气富集的水化学条件[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(1):15-19.Xu Guoshen,Liu Shugen.Hydrochemical condition of natural gasenrichment in east Sichuan carboniferous system[J].Oil&GasGeology,1999,20(1):15-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]龙建勋.鄂尔多斯盆地子洲地区下二叠统山西组二段地层水成因及气水分布规律研究[D].成都理工大学,2008.Long Jianxun.Distribution Rule and Formation Mechanism of Gasand Water in the Second Member of Shanxi formation of LowerPermian in Zizhou Area in Ordos Basin[D].Chengdu University ofTechnology,2008(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]庞宏磊.苏里格气田盒8气藏储层特征及地层水的地质成因研究[D].成都理工大学,2007.Pang Honglei.Reservoir Characteristics of He-8 Pool in Sulige GasField and Studying on the Geologic Origin of the Formation water[D].Chengdu University of Technology,2007(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[9]冷济高,庞雄奇,张凤奇,等.辽河西部凹陷地层水特征及其成因分析[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(5):58-63.Leng Jigao,Pang Xiongqi,Zhang Fengqi,et al.Characteristics offormation water and the genesis analysis in the western Liaohe sag[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2008,30(5):58-63(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[10]赵景波,岳应利,袁道先.岩溶发育的物理化学模式[J].西安工程学院学报,1999,21(3):21-26.Zhao Jingbo,Yue Yingli,Yuan Daoxian.Physical-chemical modelin karst process[J].Journal of Xi’an Engineering University,1999,21(3):21-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]江兴福,谷志东,赵容容,等.四川盆地环开江—梁平海槽飞仙关组地层水的地化特征及成因研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,2009,32(1):5-17.Jiang Xingfu,Gu Zhidong,Zhao Rongrong,et al.Geochemicalcharacteristics and origin of formation water in FeixianguanFormation around Kaijiang-uiangping trough,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2009,32(1):5-17(inChinese with English abstract).
[12]李鹏春,刘春晓,张渊,等.塔中奥陶系地层水化学特征及其成因与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6):802-808.Li Pengchun,Liu Chunxiao,Zhang Yun,et al.Geochemicalbehaviors of the Ordovician formation water in the Tazhong areaand its origin and evolution[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(6):802-808(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]蒋有录,查明.石油天然气地质与勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.Jiang Youlu,Zha Ming.Petroleum Geology and Exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006(in Chinese).
[14]柳广弟,张厚福.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009.Liu Guangdi,Zhang Houfu.Petroleum Geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009(in Chinese).
[15]洪余刚.乐山-龙女寺古隆起奥陶系风化壳岩溶储层特征与地震预测研究[D].西南石油大学,2006.Hong Yugang.The Karst Reservoir Characteristic and SeismicPrediction to the Ordovician Stratum on the Leshan-LongnvsiPaleouplift[D].Southwest Petroleum University,2006(in Chinesewith English abstract).
[16]陈胜.塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶及储层特征研究[D].成都理工大学,2007.Cheng Shen.The Research on Characteristics of OrdovicianPalaeokarst and Reservoir in Tahe Oil Field[D].ChengduUniversity of Technology,2007(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]焦保雷.蜀南地区中二叠统缝洞储层特征研究[D].成都理工大学,2010.Jiao Baolei.The Study of Fracture-cave reservoir characterizationof the Middle Permian in the South of Sichuan Basin[D].Chengdu University of Technology,2010(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[18]韩波,冯乔,赵振宇,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系风化壳岩溶特征及储层分析[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(5):24-29.Han Bo,Feng Qiao,Zhao Zhenyu,et al.Ordovician karstweathering crust and reservoirs in central and eastern Ordos basin[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2011,27(5):24-29(in Chinesewith English abstract).
[19]庞雯,史鸿祥.轮南地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶特征[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(1):37-40.Pang Wen,Shi Hongxiang.The paleo-karst feature of Ordoviciancarbonate rocks in Lunnan area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(1):37-40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]刘兴礼,张贵斌,李多丽,等.塔中地区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩岩溶测井特征[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):194-196.Liu Xingli,Zhang Guibin,Li Duoli,et al.The karst log responseof carbonate rocks of Lower Ordovician in Tazhong area,Tarimbasin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(2):194-196(inChinese with English abstract).
[21]丁勇.塔河油田奥陶系岩溶型储层特征及对开发的影响[D].成都理工大学,2009.Ding Yong.Character and Effect on Exploitation of OrdovicianKarst Type Reservoir in Tahe oilfield[D].Chengdu University ofTechnology,2009(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]苏中堂.鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区奥陶系马家沟组沉积相与古岩溶储层特征[D].成都理工大学,2008.Su Zhongtang.Sedimentary Facies and Character of PalaeokarstCust Reservoir in Majiagou Formation in Ordovician,Tabamiaoarea,Ordos[D].Chengdu University of Technology,2008(inChinese with English abstract).
[23]张银德.靖边气田马五_1气藏南二区地层水特征及开发对策[D].成都理工大学,2008.Zhang Yinde.Characteristics of the Formation Water and theCorresponding Exploitation Strategy for AreaⅡin SouthernMa5_1 reservoir in Jingbian gas field[D].Chengdu University ofTechnology,2008(in Chinese with English abstract).
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