南海西北次海盆物源供给模式及油气勘探前景
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摘要
基于地震资料,从物源供给模式入手,分析南海北部深水区西北次海盆的沉积层序、物源特征及其油气勘探前景。其物源供给具有相对多期多物源体系特征,初始扩张期沉积中心位于盆地北部边缘,北部陆架-陆坡物源体系作用显著;初始热沉降期,沉积中心开始从盆地边缘向中央转移,北部陆架-陆坡、中-西沙隆起区物源体系具有大规模物源供给,在盆地两侧斜坡坡脚对称发育大量具有下超反射特征的裙积扇以及具有杂乱反射特征的块体搬运沉积体;稳定热沉降期,沉积中心转移至盆地中央,北部陆架-陆坡、西沙海槽物源体系作用存在短期明显加强,中-西沙隆起区物源体系逐渐削弱,盆地内发育大规模深水扇及深水水道。与相邻中—高勘探程度区相比,显示出良好的勘探潜力。
Based on the existing high-resolution 2D seismic data and provenance supply mode, the depositional sequence, provenance features and oil-gas exploration prospects were analyzed. The provenance supply is characterized by multiple provenances. During initial expanding period, the depocenter was located at the northern margin of the basin and the north shelf-slope provenance system played an important role. In the initial period of thermal subsidence, the depocenter started to migrate to the center from the margin of basin, the north shelf-slope and Zhong-Xisha uplift zone provenance systems possess mass sediment supply. The two slope-apron fans with downlap characteristics and mass transport depositions with chaotic reflections were symmetrically growing in the north-south sides. In the stable thermal subsidence period, the depocenter has moved to the center, the contribution of North Shelf-Slope and Xisha trough provenance systems was reinforced in the short term and produced a large-scale deepwater fan and deepwater channel system, while the Zhong-Xisha uplift provenance system was weakened. Large scale deepwater fans and channels were developed within the basin. Compared with neighboring areas with middle-high exploration level, the study area shows a promising exploration targets.
Based on the existing high-resolution 2D seismic data and provenance supply mode, the depositional sequence, provenance features and oil-gas exploration prospects were analyzed. The provenance supply is characterized by multiple provenances. During initial expanding period, the depocenter was located at the northern margin of the basin and the north shelf-slope provenance system played an important role. In the initial period of thermal subsidence, the depocenter started to migrate to the center from the margin of basin, the north shelf-slope and Zhong-Xisha uplift zone provenance systems possess mass sediment supply. The two slope-apron fans with downlap characteristics and mass transport depositions with chaotic reflections were symmetrically growing in the north-south sides. In the stable thermal subsidence period, the depocenter has moved to the center, the contribution of North Shelf-Slope and Xisha trough provenance systems was reinforced in the short term and produced a large-scale deepwater fan and deepwater channel system, while the Zhong-Xisha uplift provenance system was weakened. Large scale deepwater fans and channels were developed within the basin. Compared with neighboring areas with middle-high exploration level, the study area shows a promising exploration targets.
引文
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吴振利,李家彪,阮爱国,楼海,丁巍伟,牛雄伟,李细兵.2011.南海西北次海盆地壳结构:海底广角地震实验结果.中国科学:地球科学,41(10):1463～1476.
许怀智,蔡东升,孙志鹏,黄安敏,陈嵘,李春雷,何丽娟.2012.琼东南盆地中央峡谷沉积充填特征及油气地质意义.地质学报,86(4):641～650.
袁圣强,吴时国,赵宗举,徐方建.2010.南海北部陆坡深水区沉积物输送模式探讨.海洋地质与第四纪地质,30(4):39～48.
王海荣,王英民,邱燕,彭学超,王志宏.2009.深水环境多级地貌坡折控制下的重力流动力学的演变.地质学报,83(6):812～819.
朱伟林.2009.南海北部深水区油气勘探关键地质问题.地质学报,83(8):1059～1064.
朱伟林.2010.南海北部深水区油气地质特征.石油学报,31(4):521～527.
Galloway W E.1998.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope deposition-al systems:component facies,stratigraphic architecture,andclassification.AAPG Bulletin,82(4):569～595.
Gong C L,Wang Y M,Peng X C,Li W,Qiu Y,Xu S.2012.Sedi-ment waves on the South China Sea Slope off southwestern Tai-wan:implications for the intrusion of the northern Pacific deepwater into the South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geolo-,32(1):95～109.
Luan X W,Zhang L,Peng X C.2012.Dongsha erosive channel onnorthern South China Sea Shelf and its induced Kuroshio SouthChina Sea Branch.Science China-Earth Sciences,55(1):149～158.
Shanmugam G.2000.50years of the turbidite paradigm(1950s—1990s):deep-water processes and facies models—acritical perspective.Marine and Petroleum Geology,17(2):285～342.
Shao L,Li X J,Geng J H,Pang X,Lei Y C,Qiao P J,Wang L L,Wang H B.2007.Deep water bottom current deposition in thenorthern South China Sea.Science in China Series D-Earth Sci-ences,50(7):1060～1066.
Stow D A V,Johansson M2000.Deep-water massive sands:na-ture,origin and hydrocarbon implications.Marine and Petrole-um Geology,17(2):145～174.
Stow D A V,Huc A Y,Bertrand P.2001.Depositional processes of black shales in deep water.Marine and Petroleum Geology,18(4):491～498.
Wang Y M,Xu Q,Li D,Han J H,LüM,Wang Y F,Li W G,Wang H R.2011.Late Miocene Red River submarine fan,northwestern South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,56(14):1488～1494.
Wang Y F,Wang Y M,Xu Q,Li D,Zhuo H T,Zhou W.2012.The early-middle Miocene submarine fan system in the PearlRiver Mouth Basin,South China Sea.Petroleum Science,9(1):1～9.
Wu S G,Qin Z L,Wang D W,Peng X C,Wang Z J,Yao G S.2011.Seismic characteristics and triggering mechanism analysisof mass transport deposits in the northern continental slope ofthe South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese E-dition,54(12):3184～3195.
Yuan S Q,LüF L,Wu S G,Yao G S,Ma Y B,Fu Y H.2009.Seismic stratigraphy of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel sys-tem,northwest South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Oceanolo-gy and Limnology,27(2):250～259.
傅宁,邓运华,张功成,李友川.2010.南海北部叠合断陷盆地海陆过渡相烃源岩及成藏贡献——以珠二坳陷白云凹陷为例.石油学报,31(4):559～565.
李友川,邓运华,张功成,傅宁,孙玉梅.2011.南海北部第三系海相烃源岩.石油学报,32(2):219～225.
柳保军,申俊,庞雄,何敏,连世勇,屈亮.2007.珠江口盆地白云凹陷珠海组浅海三角洲沉积特征.石油学报,28(2):49～61.
柳保军,庞雄,颜承志,刘军,连世勇,何敏,申俊.2011.珠江口盆地白云深水区渐新世—中新世陆架坡折带演化及油气勘探意义.石油学报,32(2):234～242.
庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,连世勇,何敏,舒誉.2006.南海珠江深水扇系统及其油气勘探前景.石油学报,27(3):11～15,21.
庞雄,陈长民,邵磊,王成善,朱明,何敏,申俊,连世勇,吴湘杰.2007a.白云运动:南海北部渐新统—中新统重大地质事件及其意义.地质论评,53(2):145～151.
庞雄,彭大钧,陈长民,朱明,何敏,申俊,柳保军.2007b.三级“源-渠-汇”耦合研究珠江深水扇系统.地质学报,81(6):857～864.
彭大钧,陈长民,庞雄,朱明,杨飞.2004.南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统的发现.石油学报,25(5):17～23.
邵磊,李献华,汪品先,翦知湣,韦刚健,庞雄,刘颖.2004.南海渐新世以来构造演化的沉积记录——ODP1148站深海沉积物中的证据.地球科学进展,19(4):539～544.
苏明,李俊良,姜涛,田姗姗,张成,解习农.2009.琼东南盆地中央峡谷的形态及成因.海洋地质与第四纪地质,29(4):85～93.
魏喜,祝永军,陈亦寒,胡礼国,武金云,姜建群,李振远.2012.南海西北次海扩张时代和洋壳性质:沉积地层及重磁依据.地质学报,86(3):383～388.
吴时国,秦蕴珊.2009.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究.沉积学报,27(5):922～930.
吴振利,李家彪,阮爱国,楼海,丁巍伟,牛雄伟,李细兵.2011.南海西北次海盆地壳结构:海底广角地震实验结果.中国科学:地球科学,41(10):1463～1476.
许怀智,蔡东升,孙志鹏,黄安敏,陈嵘,李春雷,何丽娟.2012.琼东南盆地中央峡谷沉积充填特征及油气地质意义.地质学报,86(4):641～650.
袁圣强,吴时国,赵宗举,徐方建.2010.南海北部陆坡深水区沉积物输送模式探讨.海洋地质与第四纪地质,30(4):39～48.
王海荣,王英民,邱燕,彭学超,王志宏.2009.深水环境多级地貌坡折控制下的重力流动力学的演变.地质学报,83(6):812～819.
朱伟林.2009.南海北部深水区油气勘探关键地质问题.地质学报,83(8):1059～1064.
朱伟林.2010.南海北部深水区油气地质特征.石油学报,31(4):521～527.
Galloway W E.1998.Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope deposition-al systems:component facies,stratigraphic architecture,andclassification.AAPG Bulletin,82(4):569～595.
Gong C L,Wang Y M,Peng X C,Li W,Qiu Y,Xu S.2012.Sedi-ment waves on the South China Sea Slope off southwestern Tai-wan:implications for the intrusion of the northern Pacific deepwater into the South China Sea.Marine and Petroleum Geolo-,32(1):95～109.
Luan X W,Zhang L,Peng X C.2012.Dongsha erosive channel onnorthern South China Sea Shelf and its induced Kuroshio SouthChina Sea Branch.Science China-Earth Sciences,55(1):149～158.
Shanmugam G.2000.50years of the turbidite paradigm(1950s—1990s):deep-water processes and facies models—acritical perspective.Marine and Petroleum Geology,17(2):285～342.
Shao L,Li X J,Geng J H,Pang X,Lei Y C,Qiao P J,Wang L L,Wang H B.2007.Deep water bottom current deposition in thenorthern South China Sea.Science in China Series D-Earth Sci-ences,50(7):1060～1066.
Stow D A V,Johansson M2000.Deep-water massive sands:na-ture,origin and hydrocarbon implications.Marine and Petrole-um Geology,17(2):145～174.
Stow D A V,Huc A Y,Bertrand P.2001.Depositional processes of black shales in deep water.Marine and Petroleum Geology,18(4):491～498.
Wang Y M,Xu Q,Li D,Han J H,LüM,Wang Y F,Li W G,Wang H R.2011.Late Miocene Red River submarine fan,northwestern South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,56(14):1488～1494.
Wang Y F,Wang Y M,Xu Q,Li D,Zhuo H T,Zhou W.2012.The early-middle Miocene submarine fan system in the PearlRiver Mouth Basin,South China Sea.Petroleum Science,9(1):1～9.
Wu S G,Qin Z L,Wang D W,Peng X C,Wang Z J,Yao G S.2011.Seismic characteristics and triggering mechanism analysisof mass transport deposits in the northern continental slope ofthe South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese E-dition,54(12):3184～3195.
Yuan S Q,LüF L,Wu S G,Yao G S,Ma Y B,Fu Y H.2009.Seismic stratigraphy of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel sys-tem,northwest South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Oceanolo-gy and Limnology,27(2):250～259.
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