少数民族地区常态灾害危害度评价
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摘要
恶劣的自然地理条件和薄弱的社会经济基础,使自然灾害对少数民族地区社会经济和生态环境系统造成非常不利的影响。本文简要介绍了少数民族地区三种常态灾害———雪灾、滑坡和泥石流、地震灾害的概况和特点。提出了灾害危害度的定义和评价方法,应用该方法对近60年少数民族地区三种常态灾害进行危害度评价,将危害度结果划分为极严重、严重、较重和轻微四个等级,并基于ARCGIS软件绘制了灾害危害度评价等级图。最后分析了三种灾害危害度极严重地区,为少数民族地区防灾减灾、社会经济的可持续发展提供支持。
Due to the poor geographical conditions and weak socio-economic basis,the frequent natural disasters in minority regions have serious disadvantageous effects on the socio-economic and ecological systems.The overviews and characteristics of the three normal natural disasters in minority regions—snow disasters,debris flows and landslides,and earthquakes are introduced briefly.The definition of hazard evaluation and an evaluation method are proposed,using the method,the article assesses three normal natural disasters in minority regions in recent 60 years.The degree of the disaster hazard is divided into serious,heavy,general and slight.Then the zoning maps of the three disasters are drafted based on GIS.Finally it analyses the serious hazard degree regions of the three disasters.The results could support for the preventing and reducing of disaster effects and the sustainable development of social-economic in minority regions.
Due to the poor geographical conditions and weak socio-economic basis,the frequent natural disasters in minority regions have serious disadvantageous effects on the socio-economic and ecological systems.The overviews and characteristics of the three normal natural disasters in minority regions—snow disasters,debris flows and landslides,and earthquakes are introduced briefly.The definition of hazard evaluation and an evaluation method are proposed,using the method,the article assesses three normal natural disasters in minority regions in recent 60 years.The degree of the disaster hazard is divided into serious,heavy,general and slight.Then the zoning maps of the three disasters are drafted based on GIS.Finally it analyses the serious hazard degree regions of the three disasters.The results could support for the preventing and reducing of disaster effects and the sustainable development of social-economic in minority regions.
引文
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[2]Strunz G,Post J,Zosseder K,et al.Tsunami riskassessment in Indonesia[J].Natural Hazards and EarthSystem Sciences,2011,(11):67-82.
[3]王哲,易发成.基于层次分析法的绵阳市地质灾害易发性评价[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(1):14-23.
[4]莫建飞,陆甲,李艳兰,等.基于GIS的广西农业暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估[J].灾害学,2012,27(1):38-43.
[5]刘希林,陈宜娟.泥石流风险区划方法及其应用[J].地理科学,2010,30(4):558-565.
[6]许同生,刘茂,张秀华,等.城市地震风险整体评价方法及其应用[J].安全与环境学报,2010,10(4):189-196.
[7]李明昱.基于ArcGIS平台地质灾害危害度定量分析方法[J].西部探矿工程,2011,9:140-142.
[8]袁艺.自然灾害灾情评估研究与实践进展[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(1):23-32.
[9]赵源,刘希林.泥石流灾害损失评价[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,16(3):42-53.
[10]刘希林,赵源,李秀珍,等.四川德昌县典型泥石流灾害风险评价[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(1):11-16.
[11]马宗晋,杨华庭,高建国,等.我国自然灾害的经济特征与社会发展[J].科技导报,1994,(7):61-64.
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