西昆仑山前冲断带断裂特征及构造单元划分
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摘要
受新生代帕米尔构造结大幅度向北推移、旋转的影响,形成了弧形的西昆仑山前冲断带。本文主要通过野外地质调查、地震反射剖面的精细解释,对西昆仑山前冲断带最基本的组成部分-断裂进行系统研究。西昆仑山前冲断带内以发育与其弧形形态一致的逆冲断裂为主,但弧形冲断带中段的断裂具有挤压逆冲的同时兼有右行走滑性质。冲断带内还发育了NE向和近EW向的走滑断裂,它们的发育时间和成因不尽相同,它们控制了冲断带内的变形,调节和改造了早期形成的构造。在对断裂系统研究的基础上,结合冲断带各个部位的结构特征和变形时间,将冲断带划分为9个次级构造单元。西昆仑山前冲断带开始发育于中新世中晚期,此后经历了上新世早期、上新世中晚期、早更新世早中期以及早更新世晚期四个演化阶段。
The arc-shaped thrust belt in the front of West Kunlun Mountains formed in Cenozoic with the northward thrust and lateral rotation of Pamir syntax. We here present our new field investigation and seismic profile interpretation data to study the fault system, which provides the basis to understand the complex arc-shaped foreland thrust belt. The results indicate that the thrust belt mainly consists of thrust faults with consistent striking to the arc shape of the thrust belt,but in the middle portion occur some thrust fault holding dextral strike-slip component. Also occur NE-SW and E-W trending strike-slip faults,which differs in their active timing and mechanisms. These NE-SW and E-W trending faults control the deformation of the thrust belt and accommodate and reconstruct previous existing structures. Based on the study of fault system,determination of deformation time and structural characteristics of different portions,the arc-shaped thrust belt has been divided into 9 tectonic units. After formed in Middle-Late Miocene,the thrust belt experienced four evolution stages: Early Pliocene, Middle-Late Pliocene, early-middle Early Pleistocene and late Early Pleistocene.
The arc-shaped thrust belt in the front of West Kunlun Mountains formed in Cenozoic with the northward thrust and lateral rotation of Pamir syntax. We here present our new field investigation and seismic profile interpretation data to study the fault system, which provides the basis to understand the complex arc-shaped foreland thrust belt. The results indicate that the thrust belt mainly consists of thrust faults with consistent striking to the arc shape of the thrust belt,but in the middle portion occur some thrust fault holding dextral strike-slip component. Also occur NE-SW and E-W trending strike-slip faults,which differs in their active timing and mechanisms. These NE-SW and E-W trending faults control the deformation of the thrust belt and accommodate and reconstruct previous existing structures. Based on the study of fault system,determination of deformation time and structural characteristics of different portions,the arc-shaped thrust belt has been divided into 9 tectonic units. After formed in Middle-Late Miocene,the thrust belt experienced four evolution stages: Early Pliocene, Middle-Late Pliocene, early-middle Early Pleistocene and late Early Pleistocene.
引文
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Cowgill E,Yin A,Harrison TM and Wang XF.2003.Reconstruction ofthe Altyn Tagh fault based on U-Pb geochronology:Role of backthrusts,mantle sutures,and heterogeneous crustal strength informingthe Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geophysical Research,108(B7):2346-2373,doi:10.1029/2002JB002080
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Du ZL,Luo JC,Wang BQ and Wei W.2009.The difference of tectonicfeatures in the adjacent area of Kekeya and its causing analysis.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,33(1):112-116(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Fang AM,Ma JY,Wang SG,Zhao Y and Hu JM.2009.Sedimentarytectonic evolution of the southwestern Tarim basin and West Kunlunorogen since Late Paleozoic.Acta Petrologica Sinica,25(12):3396-3406(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hu JZ,Tan YJ,Zhang P and Zhang YQ.2008.Structural features ofCenozoic thrust-fault belts in the piedmont of southwestern TarimBasin.Earth Science Frontiers,15(2):222-230(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Hu WS,Chen YS,Xiao AC,Liu XF and Liu SG.1997.Structuralfeatures of major fault zones in the southwest depression in Tarimbasin and their control on oil accumulation.Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,18(3):201-207(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jia CZ,He DF,Lei ZY,Zhou L,Jia JD and Wang GH.2000.Hydrocarbon Exploration of the Foreland Thrust Belt.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,163-167(in Chinese)
Jin XC,Wang J,Chen BW and Ren LD.2001.Stratigraphic andsedimentologic records of the uplifting of the West Kunlun in theCenozoic.Acta Geologica Sinica,75(4):459-467(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Lei GL,Liao L,Shi J,Du ZL,Luo JC,Chen XG and Chen HL.2011.Sedimentary records of uplifting in West Kunlun during LateMiocene-Early Pliocene:Evidence from the heavy mineralassemblages of well Qibei-3in the southwestern Tarim.ActaGeologica Sinica,85(8):1334-1342(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Liu HF.1995.Classification of foreland basins and fold thrust style.Earth Science Frontiers,2(3):59-68(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Liu X,Wang J,Zhang ZC and Wang Y.2002.Relation between thecomponents of Quaternary molasse and uplift of the Qinghai-TibetPlateau:Preliminary understanding of the results of measurements ofthe Quaternary pebble composition at the Kokyar section,Yecheng,Xinjiang.Geological Bulletin of China,21(11):759-763(inChinese with English abstract)
Lu HF,Howell DG,Jia D,Cai DS,Wu SM,Chen CM,Shi YS andValin ZC.1994.Rejuvenation of the Kuqa foreland basin,northernflank of the Tarim basin,northwest China.International GeologyReview,36(12):1151-1158
Pan JW,Li HB,Van Der Woerd J,Sun ZM,Pei JL,Barrier L and SiJL.2007.Late Cenozoic morphotectonic features of the thrust belt inthe front of the West Kunlun Mountains.Geological Bulletin ofChina,26(10):1368-1379(in Chinese with English abstract)
Pei JL,Sun ZM,Li HB,Si JL,Pan JW,Liu J,Liu XG and Zhao Y.2008.Paleocurrent direction of the Late Cenozoic sedimentarysequence of the Tibetan Plateau northwestern margin constrained byAMS and its tectonic implications.Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(7):1613-1620(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qu GS,Chen J,Chen XA,Zhang XL,Li T,Yin JP and Zhou HQ.1998.Intraplate deformation in the front of the West Kunlun-Pamiractuate orogenic belt and the southwest Tarim foreland basin.Geological Review,44(4):419-429(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Qu GS,Li YG,Zhang N,Li N,Li YF,Chen J,Chen XA,Yin JP,Zhang XL,Canerot J,Deramond J and Rey J.2004.A study on theforeland structure of the Qimugen arc in southwest Tarim and itsgenetic mechanism.Geological Review,50(6):567-576,1002(in Chinese with English abstract)
Qu GS,Li YG,Li YF,Canerot J,Chen XF,Yin JP,Chen XA,ZhangN and Deramond J.2005.Tectonic segmentation and its origin ofsouthwestern Tarim foreland basin.Science in China(Series D),35(3):193-202(in Chinese)
Robinson AC,Yin A,Manning CE,Harrison TM,Zhang SH and WangXF.2007.Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Pamir:Implications forstrain-accommodation mechanisms at the western end of theHimalayan-Tibetan orogen.GSA Bulletin,119(7-8):882-896,doi:10.1130/B25981.1
Si JL,Li HB,Barrier L,Van Der Woerd J,Sun ZM,Pei JL and PanJW.2007.Late Cenozoic uplift of the northwestern margin of theQinghai-Tibet Plateau:Sedimentary evidence from piedmont basinsof the West Kunlun Mountains.Geological Bulletin of China,26(10):1356-1367(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sobel ER and Dumitru TA.1997.Thrusting and exhumation around themargins of the western Tarim basin during the India-Asia collision.Journal of Geophysical Research,102(B3):5043-5063
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