新疆北部卡拉麦里晚古生代走滑构造及其叠加变形序次
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摘要
东准地区构造演化研究的重要构造单元。前人的研究认为卡拉麦里构造带是板块碰撞形成的缝合带。本文结合野外考察、构造分析和年代学工作认为,该构造带主要反映了走滑构造带的特点。在遥感影像上,卡拉麦里构造带呈断续的线状延伸特征。地震剖面上,卡拉麦里断裂带主断面产状近于直立向下延伸至基底,与一般张性断层、压性逆冲断层所显示的上陡下缓的铲状特征截然不同。野外考察显示,该构造带发育密集而陡立劈理,主断面附近劈理面倾角近于直立,在相对较浅层次的地层上,劈理面成花状散开,体现花状构造的特点。卡拉麦里构造带内的石炭系、泥盆系地层以及蛇绿岩系受到强烈改造,超糜棱岩化、糜棱岩化、千枚岩化现象普遍。糜棱岩中,硅质岩透镜体拖尾指示右旋走滑特征,与同构造岩脉次级张裂面指示的结果相一致。结合前人研究资料以及地层变形证据,可以推断构造带活动时限为270～260Ma。因此,卡拉麦里构造带是一条在晚古生代-早中生代活动的右旋剪切走滑构造带,准东地区与卡拉麦里构造带相关的缝合带确认,必须以卡拉麦里走滑构造带性质的准确厘定为基础。卡拉麦里构造二叠纪时期的走滑活动性质的确定,指示新疆北部二叠纪大陆地壳已经形成,而且,新疆北部后期叠加构造变形序次研究也显示具有大区域上的共性,指示新疆北部二叠纪以来进入基本统一大陆内部构造演化阶段。
Large-scale strike-slip shearing is the primary style of continental deformation,so the development of the large-scale strike-slip fault indicates to a great extent the formation of continental crust with enough shear strength.As an important tectonic unit in the northern Xinjiang,Kalamaili tectonic belt used to be considered as a Paleozoic suture,though under dispute.The Karamaili strike-slip fault extends as an intermittent fault broken by late faulting on the remote sensing images.The fault is nearly perpendicular to the floor in the field with intensive and steep cleavages,as well as shown on the seismic profile.Flower structures are popularly revealed by cleavages in the geological section.The Carboniferous,Devonian strata and ophiolite were reconstructed strongly by shear faulting with phyllitization and mylonization.Subtension fracture in synpegmatite body and the direction of phacoidal siliceous sandstone indicate that the Karamaili strike-slip fault is a dextral shearing belt.Some evidences can used to infer that the Karamaili strike-slip fault was formed at the interval of 270～260Ma.We conclude that the Karamaili fault is a Late Paleozoic dextral strike-slip shearing fault.The Karamaili strike-slip shearing zone should be taken into consideration while it is considered to be a Late Paleozoic sutures in East Junggar basin.There are indications that there is a relative mature continent in northern Xinjiang since Permian due to large shearing zones dominate the tectonic evolution of an integrated continent.In the paper,different deformation sequence is also established on the basis of the intersected or cutting relationship of faults since Late Paleozoic.
Large-scale strike-slip shearing is the primary style of continental deformation,so the development of the large-scale strike-slip fault indicates to a great extent the formation of continental crust with enough shear strength.As an important tectonic unit in the northern Xinjiang,Kalamaili tectonic belt used to be considered as a Paleozoic suture,though under dispute.The Karamaili strike-slip fault extends as an intermittent fault broken by late faulting on the remote sensing images.The fault is nearly perpendicular to the floor in the field with intensive and steep cleavages,as well as shown on the seismic profile.Flower structures are popularly revealed by cleavages in the geological section.The Carboniferous,Devonian strata and ophiolite were reconstructed strongly by shear faulting with phyllitization and mylonization.Subtension fracture in synpegmatite body and the direction of phacoidal siliceous sandstone indicate that the Karamaili strike-slip fault is a dextral shearing belt.Some evidences can used to infer that the Karamaili strike-slip fault was formed at the interval of 270～260Ma.We conclude that the Karamaili fault is a Late Paleozoic dextral strike-slip shearing fault.The Karamaili strike-slip shearing zone should be taken into consideration while it is considered to be a Late Paleozoic sutures in East Junggar basin.There are indications that there is a relative mature continent in northern Xinjiang since Permian due to large shearing zones dominate the tectonic evolution of an integrated continent.In the paper,different deformation sequence is also established on the basis of the intersected or cutting relationship of faults since Late Paleozoic.
引文
[1]新疆自治区地质矿产局.1985.1︰1000000新疆自治区地质图
Chen RY.1993.Evolution of regional tectonic and metallogenic regularityof Cu-Au ore deposits in East Junggar,Xinjiang,China.Ph.D.Dissertation.Beijing:Institute of Mineral Resources,ChineseAcademy of Geological Sciences(in Chinese with English summary)
He GQ,Lu SN and Li MS.1995.Tectonic significance of large faultsystems to the study of paleo-plates.Geological Journal ofUniversities,1(1):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract)
He GQ,Li MS,Jia JD and Zhou H.2001.A discussion on age and tectonicsignificance of ophiolit in Eastern Junggar,Xinjiang.ActaScientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,37(6):852-858(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jiang YJ,Yang BZ,Wang XY,Li YP and Wang XM.2002.Structuralfeature and evolution in northeast part of Junggar Basin.ActaGeologica Sinica,76(4):462-468(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Laurent-Charvet S,Charvet J,Shu LS,Ma R and Lu HF.2002.Paleozoiclate collisional strike-slip deformations in Tianshan and Altay,Eastern Xinjiang,NW China.Terra Nova,14(4):249-256
Li JY,Xiao XC,Tang MN,Zhao M,Zhu BQ and Feng YM.1990.Maincharacteristics of Late Paleozoic plate tectonics in the southern part of East Junggar,Xinjiang.Geological Review,36(4):305-316(inChinese with English abstract)
Li JY.1995.Main characteristics and emplacement processes of EastJunggar ophiolites,Xinjiang,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,11(Suppl.):73-84(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu MA.2007.Multistage evolution of the basin-and-range structure of theeastern section of the Tienshan Mountains.Ph.D.Dissertation.Beijing:Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration(inChinese with English summary)
Lu YM.2008.Structural control and prospecting of the gold deposits inShuangquan area,Eastern Junggar,Xinjiang Province.Ph.D.Dissertation.Beijing:China University of Geosciences(in Chinesewith English summary)
Qu GS,Ma ZJ,Lu B,Zhang J,Zhang N and Tian Y.2008.Structuralevolution and petroleum accumulation in Luliang Uplift,JunggarBasin.Xingjiang Petroleum Geology,29(2):138-142(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Ren JS,Jiang CF,Zhang ZK and Qin DY.1987.Geotectonic Evolution ofChina.Beijing:Science Press,1-203
Shu LS,Charvet J,Guo LZ,Lu HF and Laurent-Charvet S.1999.A large-scale dextral ductile strike-slip zone:The Aqqikkudug-Weiya zonealong the northern margin of the central Tianshan belt,Xinjiang,NWChina.Acta Geologica Sinica,73(2):148-162
Shu LS,Chen YT,Lu HF,Charvet J,Laurent CS and Yin DH.2000.Paleozoic accretionary terranes in Northern Tianshan,NW China.Chinese Geochemistry,19(3):193-202
Shu LS,Charvet J,Lu HF and Laurent-Charvet S.2002.Paleozoicaccretion-collision events and kinematics of ductile deformation in thecentral-southern Tianshan belt,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,76(3):308-323
Shu LS,Wang B and Zhu WB.2007.The kinematic and geochronologicalstudies of a large-scale post-collisional strike-slip tectonics in thenorth Xingjiang,NW China.In:Collection of paper abstracts ofpetrology and geodynamics meeting.PG2007Meeting,Wuhan,331-332(in Chinese)
Tapponnier P and Monlar P.1976.Slip-line field theory and large scalecontinental tectonics.Nature,264:319-324
Tapponnier P,Mercier JL and Armijo R.1986.On the mechanics of thecollision between India and Asia.In:Coward MP and Ries AC(eds.).Collision Tectonics.Journal of the Geological Society(London),Special Publication,19:115-157
Tapponnier P,Lacassin R,Leloup PH,Schrer U,Zhong DL,Wu HW,LiuXH,Ji SC,Zhang LS and Zhong JY.1990.The Ailao Shan/RedRiver metamorphic belt:Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochiaand South China.Nature,343:431-437
Wang CY,Shu LS,Zhao M,Ma RS,Lu BQ and Wang ZG.1996.LatePaleozoic thrust tectonics and related magmatism in the Harelikearea,north segment of eastern Tianshan belt.Geological Journal ofUniversities,2(2):198-206(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang ZX,Zhou GZ and Li T.2003.The consideration on ophiolite andinterrelated issue in northern Xinjiang,northwestern China.ActaPetrologica Sinica,19(4):683-691(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Xu QQ,Ji JQ,Gong JF,Zhao L,Tu JY,Sun DX,Tao T,Zhu ZH,He GQand Hou JJ.2009.Structural style and deformation sequence ofwestern Junggar,Xinjiang since Late Paleozoic.Acta PetrologicaSinica,25(3):636-644(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu WX.1989.Primary study on the problem of the westward extension ofthe Kerameili-Xar Moron suture zone.Geological Review,35(5):460-467(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao HB and Li JM.2008.Ore-controlling factor and ore prospectingdirection in Kalamaili gold deposit belt,Xinjiang Province.Gold,29(5):8-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhong DL,Tapponnier P,Wu HW,Zhang LS,Ji SC,Zhong JY,Liu XH,Schaerer U,Lacassin R,and Leloup P.1989.Large-scales strike slipfault:The major structure of introcontinental deformation aftercollision.Chinese Science Bulletin,34(7):526-529(in Chinese)
陈仁义.1993.新疆东准噶尔区域构造演化及其铜金矿床成矿规律.博士学位论文.北京:中国地质科学院矿床地质研究所
何国琦,陆书宁,李茂松.1995.大型断裂系统在古板块研究中的意义——以中亚地区为例.高校地质学报,1(1):1-10
何国琦,李茂松,贾进斗,周辉.2001.论新疆东准噶尔蛇绿岩的时代及其意义.北京大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):852-858
姜耀俭,杨丙中,王岫岩,李延平,王先美.2002.准噶尔盆地东北缘构造特征演化及与油气的关系.地质学报,76(4):462-468
李锦轶,肖序常,汤耀庆,赵民,朱宝清,冯益民.1990.新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区晚古生代板块构造的基本特征.地质论评,36(4):305-316
李锦轶.1995.新疆东准噶尔蛇绿岩的基本特征和侵位历史.岩石学报,11(增刊):73-84
卢苗安.2007.天山东段盆山构造格局的多期演变.博士学位论文.北京:中国地震局地质研究所
路彦明.2008.新疆东准双泉地区金矿构造控矿规律及勘查找矿方向.博士学位论文.北京:中国地质大学
曲国胜,马宗晋,鲁兵,张进,张宁,田野.2008.陆梁隆起构造演化与油气聚集规律.新疆石油地质,29(2):138-142
舒良树,王博,朱文斌.2007.北疆地区二叠纪后碰撞构造与大型走滑构造及其运动学、年代学研究.见:岩石学与地球动力学研讨会论文摘要集.全国岩石学与地球动力学暨化学地球动力学研讨会,武汉,331-332
王赐银,舒良树,赵明,马瑞士,卢保奇,汪振国.1996.东天山北部哈尔里克晚古生代推覆构造与岩浆作用研究.高校地质学报,2(2):198-206
王宗秀,周高志,李涛.2003.对新疆北部蛇绿岩及相关问题的思考和认识.岩石学报,19(4):683-691
徐芹芹,季建清,龚俊峰,赵磊,涂继耀,孙东霞,陶涛,朱自虎,何国琦,侯建军.2009.新疆西准噶尔晚古生代以来构造样式与变形序列研究.岩石学报,25(3):636-644
许维新.1989.克拉美丽-西拉木伦逢合线西延问题初探.地质论评,35(5):460-467
赵海滨,李杰美.2008.新疆卡拉麦里金矿带控矿因素及找矿方向.黄金,29(5):8-11
钟大赉,Tapponnier P,吴海威,张连生,嵇少丞,钟嘉猷,刘小汉,Schaerer U,Lacassin R,Leloup P.1989.大型走滑断层——碰撞后陆内变形的重要形式.科学通报,34(7):526-529
Chen RY.1993.Evolution of regional tectonic and metallogenic regularityof Cu-Au ore deposits in East Junggar,Xinjiang,China.Ph.D.Dissertation.Beijing:Institute of Mineral Resources,ChineseAcademy of Geological Sciences(in Chinese with English summary)
He GQ,Lu SN and Li MS.1995.Tectonic significance of large faultsystems to the study of paleo-plates.Geological Journal ofUniversities,1(1):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract)
He GQ,Li MS,Jia JD and Zhou H.2001.A discussion on age and tectonicsignificance of ophiolit in Eastern Junggar,Xinjiang.ActaScientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,37(6):852-858(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jiang YJ,Yang BZ,Wang XY,Li YP and Wang XM.2002.Structuralfeature and evolution in northeast part of Junggar Basin.ActaGeologica Sinica,76(4):462-468(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Laurent-Charvet S,Charvet J,Shu LS,Ma R and Lu HF.2002.Paleozoiclate collisional strike-slip deformations in Tianshan and Altay,Eastern Xinjiang,NW China.Terra Nova,14(4):249-256
Li JY,Xiao XC,Tang MN,Zhao M,Zhu BQ and Feng YM.1990.Maincharacteristics of Late Paleozoic plate tectonics in the southern part of East Junggar,Xinjiang.Geological Review,36(4):305-316(inChinese with English abstract)
Li JY.1995.Main characteristics and emplacement processes of EastJunggar ophiolites,Xinjiang,China.Acta Petrologica Sinica,11(Suppl.):73-84(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lu MA.2007.Multistage evolution of the basin-and-range structure of theeastern section of the Tienshan Mountains.Ph.D.Dissertation.Beijing:Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration(inChinese with English summary)
Lu YM.2008.Structural control and prospecting of the gold deposits inShuangquan area,Eastern Junggar,Xinjiang Province.Ph.D.Dissertation.Beijing:China University of Geosciences(in Chinesewith English summary)
Qu GS,Ma ZJ,Lu B,Zhang J,Zhang N and Tian Y.2008.Structuralevolution and petroleum accumulation in Luliang Uplift,JunggarBasin.Xingjiang Petroleum Geology,29(2):138-142(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Ren JS,Jiang CF,Zhang ZK and Qin DY.1987.Geotectonic Evolution ofChina.Beijing:Science Press,1-203
Shu LS,Charvet J,Guo LZ,Lu HF and Laurent-Charvet S.1999.A large-scale dextral ductile strike-slip zone:The Aqqikkudug-Weiya zonealong the northern margin of the central Tianshan belt,Xinjiang,NWChina.Acta Geologica Sinica,73(2):148-162
Shu LS,Chen YT,Lu HF,Charvet J,Laurent CS and Yin DH.2000.Paleozoic accretionary terranes in Northern Tianshan,NW China.Chinese Geochemistry,19(3):193-202
Shu LS,Charvet J,Lu HF and Laurent-Charvet S.2002.Paleozoicaccretion-collision events and kinematics of ductile deformation in thecentral-southern Tianshan belt,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,76(3):308-323
Shu LS,Wang B and Zhu WB.2007.The kinematic and geochronologicalstudies of a large-scale post-collisional strike-slip tectonics in thenorth Xingjiang,NW China.In:Collection of paper abstracts ofpetrology and geodynamics meeting.PG2007Meeting,Wuhan,331-332(in Chinese)
Tapponnier P and Monlar P.1976.Slip-line field theory and large scalecontinental tectonics.Nature,264:319-324
Tapponnier P,Mercier JL and Armijo R.1986.On the mechanics of thecollision between India and Asia.In:Coward MP and Ries AC(eds.).Collision Tectonics.Journal of the Geological Society(London),Special Publication,19:115-157
Tapponnier P,Lacassin R,Leloup PH,Schrer U,Zhong DL,Wu HW,LiuXH,Ji SC,Zhang LS and Zhong JY.1990.The Ailao Shan/RedRiver metamorphic belt:Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochiaand South China.Nature,343:431-437
Wang CY,Shu LS,Zhao M,Ma RS,Lu BQ and Wang ZG.1996.LatePaleozoic thrust tectonics and related magmatism in the Harelikearea,north segment of eastern Tianshan belt.Geological Journal ofUniversities,2(2):198-206(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang ZX,Zhou GZ and Li T.2003.The consideration on ophiolite andinterrelated issue in northern Xinjiang,northwestern China.ActaPetrologica Sinica,19(4):683-691(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Xu QQ,Ji JQ,Gong JF,Zhao L,Tu JY,Sun DX,Tao T,Zhu ZH,He GQand Hou JJ.2009.Structural style and deformation sequence ofwestern Junggar,Xinjiang since Late Paleozoic.Acta PetrologicaSinica,25(3):636-644(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu WX.1989.Primary study on the problem of the westward extension ofthe Kerameili-Xar Moron suture zone.Geological Review,35(5):460-467(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao HB and Li JM.2008.Ore-controlling factor and ore prospectingdirection in Kalamaili gold deposit belt,Xinjiang Province.Gold,29(5):8-11(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhong DL,Tapponnier P,Wu HW,Zhang LS,Ji SC,Zhong JY,Liu XH,Schaerer U,Lacassin R,and Leloup P.1989.Large-scales strike slipfault:The major structure of introcontinental deformation aftercollision.Chinese Science Bulletin,34(7):526-529(in Chinese)
陈仁义.1993.新疆东准噶尔区域构造演化及其铜金矿床成矿规律.博士学位论文.北京:中国地质科学院矿床地质研究所
何国琦,陆书宁,李茂松.1995.大型断裂系统在古板块研究中的意义——以中亚地区为例.高校地质学报,1(1):1-10
何国琦,李茂松,贾进斗,周辉.2001.论新疆东准噶尔蛇绿岩的时代及其意义.北京大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):852-858
姜耀俭,杨丙中,王岫岩,李延平,王先美.2002.准噶尔盆地东北缘构造特征演化及与油气的关系.地质学报,76(4):462-468
李锦轶,肖序常,汤耀庆,赵民,朱宝清,冯益民.1990.新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区晚古生代板块构造的基本特征.地质论评,36(4):305-316
李锦轶.1995.新疆东准噶尔蛇绿岩的基本特征和侵位历史.岩石学报,11(增刊):73-84
卢苗安.2007.天山东段盆山构造格局的多期演变.博士学位论文.北京:中国地震局地质研究所
路彦明.2008.新疆东准双泉地区金矿构造控矿规律及勘查找矿方向.博士学位论文.北京:中国地质大学
曲国胜,马宗晋,鲁兵,张进,张宁,田野.2008.陆梁隆起构造演化与油气聚集规律.新疆石油地质,29(2):138-142
舒良树,王博,朱文斌.2007.北疆地区二叠纪后碰撞构造与大型走滑构造及其运动学、年代学研究.见:岩石学与地球动力学研讨会论文摘要集.全国岩石学与地球动力学暨化学地球动力学研讨会,武汉,331-332
王赐银,舒良树,赵明,马瑞士,卢保奇,汪振国.1996.东天山北部哈尔里克晚古生代推覆构造与岩浆作用研究.高校地质学报,2(2):198-206
王宗秀,周高志,李涛.2003.对新疆北部蛇绿岩及相关问题的思考和认识.岩石学报,19(4):683-691
徐芹芹,季建清,龚俊峰,赵磊,涂继耀,孙东霞,陶涛,朱自虎,何国琦,侯建军.2009.新疆西准噶尔晚古生代以来构造样式与变形序列研究.岩石学报,25(3):636-644
许维新.1989.克拉美丽-西拉木伦逢合线西延问题初探.地质论评,35(5):460-467
赵海滨,李杰美.2008.新疆卡拉麦里金矿带控矿因素及找矿方向.黄金,29(5):8-11
钟大赉,Tapponnier P,吴海威,张连生,嵇少丞,钟嘉猷,刘小汉,Schaerer U,Lacassin R,Leloup P.1989.大型走滑断层——碰撞后陆内变形的重要形式.科学通报,34(7):526-529
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