塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸构造样式与油气成藏
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摘要
塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸经历了多期变形、改造与叠加,形成了多种构造样式,油气资源丰富。通过解释雅克拉断凸的新三维地震资料,并结合区域地质资料,综合分析了研究区构造变形特征及其与油气成藏的关系。研究区主要发育挤压、伸展、走滑、反转和潜山等构造样式。挤压构造样式可进一步分为背冲和褶皱一冲断构造,主要发育于前中生界,全区均有分布;伸展构造样式以正断层为主,发育于中、新生界,全区均有分布;走滑构造样式在剖面上表现为花状构造,平面上呈雁列式排列,发育于中、新生界,分布于亚南断裂中段;反转构造样式以上正下逆的负反转构造为主,仅东部地区可见;潜山构造样式可分为单斜、断块和基岩潜山,全区均有发育。雅克拉断凸不同类型的构造样式形成了背斜、断块、断层遮挡、潜山和潜山内幕背斜等多种类型圈闭,不整合面、输导层及断裂充当了油气运移通道,为油气远距离侧向和垂向运移提供了条件,由此研究区形成了背斜、断背斜、断层遮挡、潜山和潜山内幕等油气藏类型。
The existence of various structural styles and abundant hydrocarbon have been discovered in the Yakela fault - convex, Tarim basin,which suffered reconstructing and superimposing in geological period.Through interpretation of 3D seismic data up to date,combining with the circumferential field geology,we analyzed synthetically the characteristics of structural deformation and its relationship with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,it is divided into various structural styles in the Yakela faultconvex, including compressive structural style,extensional structural style,strike-slip structural style,inversion structural style and burial hill structural style etc.The compressive tectonic is composed of back to back thrust and reverse thrust,developing in pre-Mesozoic and distributing in whole area.The extensional tectonic comprises normal faults mostly,developing in Meso-Cenozoic and distributing in whole area.The strike-slip structure is consisted of flower structure mostly,developing in Meso-Cenozoic and distributing in the middle section of the Yanan fault.The reverse tectonic is composed mainly of negative reverse tectonic with the normal fault on the upper and the reverse fault on the lower,and the structural style has been found only in the eastern part of Yakela fault-convex.The burial hill tectonic develops in whole area,including monocline burial hill tectonic,fault block burial hill tectonic and basement burial hill tectonic etc.The different structural styles can develop many traps,such as monocline trap, fault block trap,fault screened trap,burial hill anticline trap and inner anticline trap of burial hill,which provide the favorable condition of trap for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.In addition,the unconformities,the transportation beds and the fault act as the lateral and vertical migration pathway long distance for hydrocarbon.Consequently,there perhaps exists monocline reservoir,fault monocline reservoir,fault screened reservoir,burial hill reservoir and inner reservoir of burial hill etc.
The existence of various structural styles and abundant hydrocarbon have been discovered in the Yakela fault - convex, Tarim basin,which suffered reconstructing and superimposing in geological period.Through interpretation of 3D seismic data up to date,combining with the circumferential field geology,we analyzed synthetically the characteristics of structural deformation and its relationship with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,it is divided into various structural styles in the Yakela faultconvex, including compressive structural style,extensional structural style,strike-slip structural style,inversion structural style and burial hill structural style etc.The compressive tectonic is composed of back to back thrust and reverse thrust,developing in pre-Mesozoic and distributing in whole area.The extensional tectonic comprises normal faults mostly,developing in Meso-Cenozoic and distributing in whole area.The strike-slip structure is consisted of flower structure mostly,developing in Meso-Cenozoic and distributing in the middle section of the Yanan fault.The reverse tectonic is composed mainly of negative reverse tectonic with the normal fault on the upper and the reverse fault on the lower,and the structural style has been found only in the eastern part of Yakela fault-convex.The burial hill tectonic develops in whole area,including monocline burial hill tectonic,fault block burial hill tectonic and basement burial hill tectonic etc.The different structural styles can develop many traps,such as monocline trap, fault block trap,fault screened trap,burial hill anticline trap and inner anticline trap of burial hill,which provide the favorable condition of trap for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.In addition,the unconformities,the transportation beds and the fault act as the lateral and vertical migration pathway long distance for hydrocarbon.Consequently,there perhaps exists monocline reservoir,fault monocline reservoir,fault screened reservoir,burial hill reservoir and inner reservoir of burial hill etc.
引文
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[13]于慧玲.天山南地区构造样式和演化特征分析[J].石油物探, 2008,47(3):277-284. :14]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):
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[15]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君.盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.
[16]杨春林,吴奇之,夏义平.塔里木盆地北部隆起中、新生界张扭断裂系统成因及其油气聚集的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2000,35(4):461-468.
[17]魏国齐,贾承造,施央申,等.塔北隆起北部中新生界张扭性断裂系统特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):19-24.
[18]漆家福,夏义平,杨桥.油区构造解析[M].北京:石油工业出版社.2006.
[19]冷济高,庞雄奇,杨克明,等.断块圈闭控藏模式——以辽河盆地西部凹陷为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(2):1-6.
[20]云露,蒋华山.塔里木盆地北部沙雅隆起含油气系统及勘探靶区选择[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(6):506-511.
[21]于慧玲,马慧民,王蓉英.天山南地区前中生界油气成藏条件与勘探前景[J].中国西部油气地质,2007,3(1):22-26.
[22]王斌,袁月琴,周江羽.塔里木盆地雅轮地区断层封堵性研究.[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(5):434-439.
[23]沈朴,张善文,林会喜,等.油气输导体系研究综述[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(4):4-8.
[24]刘维亮,夏斌,孙治雷,等.徐家围子断陷深层不整合结构及其与天然气运移的关系[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(6):14- 17.
[2]姚超,焦贵浩,王同和.中国含油气构造样式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[3]杨克绳.中国含油气盆地结构和构造样式地震解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[4]Harding T P,Lowell J D.Structural styles,their plate tectonic habitats and hydrocarbon traps in petroleum provinces[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1979,63(7):1 016-1 058.
[5]Lowell J D.Structural styles in petroleum exploration[M].Tulsa: OGCI Publications,1985.
[6]程海艳,李江海,赵星.塔北隆起古生代构造样式和构造反演[J].中国地质,2009,36(2):314-321.
[7]程海艳,李江海,赵星.塔北隆起西部不同构造层构造样式及其成因关系[J].高校地质学报,2009,15(4):529-536.
[8]黄太柱,严俊君.塔里木盆地北部构造样式[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1995,20(3):264-270.
[9]张光亚,陈发景,汪新文.塔北地区变形样式及其分布规律[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1994,19(6):755-768.
[10]汤良杰,金之钧,张一伟,等.塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造及其地质意义[J].现代地质,1999,13(1):93-98.
[1]]何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造成因机制探讨[J].地质科学,2001,36(2):234-240.
[12]汤良杰,金之钧.塔里术盆地北部隆起牙哈断裂带负反转过程与油气聚集[J].沉积学报,2000,18(2):302-309.
[13]于慧玲.天山南地区构造样式和演化特征分析[J].石油物探, 2008,47(3):277-284. :14]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):
[42- 147.
[15]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君.盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.
[16]杨春林,吴奇之,夏义平.塔里木盆地北部隆起中、新生界张扭断裂系统成因及其油气聚集的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2000,35(4):461-468.
[17]魏国齐,贾承造,施央申,等.塔北隆起北部中新生界张扭性断裂系统特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):19-24.
[18]漆家福,夏义平,杨桥.油区构造解析[M].北京:石油工业出版社.2006.
[19]冷济高,庞雄奇,杨克明,等.断块圈闭控藏模式——以辽河盆地西部凹陷为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(2):1-6.
[20]云露,蒋华山.塔里木盆地北部沙雅隆起含油气系统及勘探靶区选择[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(6):506-511.
[21]于慧玲,马慧民,王蓉英.天山南地区前中生界油气成藏条件与勘探前景[J].中国西部油气地质,2007,3(1):22-26.
[22]王斌,袁月琴,周江羽.塔里木盆地雅轮地区断层封堵性研究.[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(5):434-439.
[23]沈朴,张善文,林会喜,等.油气输导体系研究综述[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(4):4-8.
[24]刘维亮,夏斌,孙治雷,等.徐家围子断陷深层不整合结构及其与天然气运移的关系[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(6):14- 17.
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