强震条件下碎裂岩体崩塌机理及崩塌后壁对堆积体稳定性影响研究
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摘要
"5.12"汶川地震的强震作用诱发产生了大量崩塌地质灾害,且多发生于碎裂结构岩体中。崩塌后斜坡后缘岩体及前缘堆积体的稳定性和后缘岩体对前缘堆积体稳定性的影响研究同样是震后灾害所面临的问题。以干河沟沟口斜坡为例,在分析该斜坡结构特征及崩塌机理的基础上,采用二维离散元软件UDEC模拟了斜坡在天然或强震条件下的稳定状态和可能失稳过程;运用极限平衡法对陡壁岩体再次崩塌,产生新物质堆载在现有崩塌堆积体后缘前、后分别建立模型进行了稳定性分析。研究结果表明:碎裂岩体崩塌过程可分为应力重分布、潜在崩塌体形成和地震诱发崩塌3个阶段。崩塌堆积体在考虑后缘堆载作用之前,在天然或地震环境下均处于相对稳定状态,考虑堆载作用之后,其可能会在地震条件下失稳。离散元法和极限平衡法的组合使用,对于解决同类斜坡的同类问题切实可行。
The Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake triggered a huge number of rockfall hazards.The hazards most happened in cataclastic rock mass.The respective stability of the back wall and the front accumulation of the slope and the influence of the back wall upon the stability of accumulation are problems that are faced by people after the earthquake.This paper takes the Ganhekou rockfalling accumulation as a example.It is based on analysis of the structure feature and genetic mechanism of the slope.It uses the 2D Discrete Element Method—UDEC to simulate the stability status and possible failure process of the slope under nature or earthquake condition.It uses the limit equilibrium theory based models and analyse the stability of accumulation before or after loaded by new substance generated by new rockfall.The results show that the genetic process of rockfalling accumulation can divided to stress redistribution,the formation of potential rockfall mass and rockfall induced by earthquake three phases.Before loading function,the accumulation is relatively stable both under nature or earthquake condition.But after considering the function of loading,it may fail under earthquake.The combined use of discrete element method and limit equilibrium method are practicable way for solving similar problem of similar slopes.
The Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake triggered a huge number of rockfall hazards.The hazards most happened in cataclastic rock mass.The respective stability of the back wall and the front accumulation of the slope and the influence of the back wall upon the stability of accumulation are problems that are faced by people after the earthquake.This paper takes the Ganhekou rockfalling accumulation as a example.It is based on analysis of the structure feature and genetic mechanism of the slope.It uses the 2D Discrete Element Method—UDEC to simulate the stability status and possible failure process of the slope under nature or earthquake condition.It uses the limit equilibrium theory based models and analyse the stability of accumulation before or after loaded by new substance generated by new rockfall.The results show that the genetic process of rockfalling accumulation can divided to stress redistribution,the formation of potential rockfall mass and rockfall induced by earthquake three phases.Before loading function,the accumulation is relatively stable both under nature or earthquake condition.But after considering the function of loading,it may fail under earthquake.The combined use of discrete element method and limit equilibrium method are practicable way for solving similar problem of similar slopes.
引文
[1]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及地质力学模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(6):1239~1249.Huang Runqiu.Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslidehazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake.Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(6):1239~1249.
[2]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585~2592.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Research on development and distribu-tion rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12thMay,2008.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2008,27(12):2585~2592.
[3]周永江,王云开,等.高地震烈度区堆积体边坡动力响应时程特征分析[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):93~98.Zhou Yongjiang,Wang Kaiyun,et al.Analysis on time history dy-namic response of a rockfall-type slope under high earthquake in-tensity.Journal of Mountain Science.2007,25(1):93~98.
[4]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,等.纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应离散元分析——以北川唐家山滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):319~327.Cui Fangpeng,Hu Ruilin,et al.Discrete element analysis of collap-sing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference cou-pling effects of p and s seismic waves—taking Tangjiashan land-slide in Beichuan county for example.Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):319~327.
[5]王秀英,聂高众,王登伟.利用强震记录分析汶川地震诱发滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2369~2376.Wang Xiuying,Nie Gaozhong,Wang Dengwei.Analysis of landslideinduced by Wenchuan earthquake by strong motion records.Chi-nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2369~2376.
[6]祁生文,伍法权,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792~2797.Qi Shengwen,Wu Faquan,et al.Engineering geology analysis onstability of slope under earthquake.Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2792~2797.
[7]刘红帅,薄景山,刘德东.岩土边坡地震稳定性分析研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):164~171.Liu Hongshuai,Bo Jingshan,Liu Dedong.Review on study of seis-mic stability analysis of rock-soil slopes.Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):164~171.
[8]沈建,陈新民,魏平.土质边坡地震稳定性研究进展[J].水运工程,2009,(6):40~46.Shen Jian,Chen Xinmin,Wei Ping.Reviewof study on seismic sta-bility of soil slopes.Port&Waterway Engineering,2009,(6):40~46.
[9]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,张明,等.重庆小南海地震崩滑体的基本特征及开成机制研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):167~174.Cui Fangpeng,Hu Ruilin,Zhang Ming,et al.Basic characteristicsand formation mechanism of collapsed and slided debris mass in-duced by Xiaonanhai earthquake in Chongqing city.Journal of En-gineering Geology,2009,17(2):167~174.
[10]刘杰,李建林,等.基于拟静力法的大岗山坝肩边坡地震工况稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2009,28(8):1562~1570.Liu Jie,Li Jianlin,et al.Stability analysis of dagangshan dam a-butment slope under earthquake based on pseudo-static method.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1562~1570.
[11]黄建梁,王威中,薛宏交.坡体地震稳定性的动态分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(4):113~122.Huang Jianliang,Wang Weizhong,Xue Hongjiao.Dynamic anal-ysis of seismic stability of slopes.Earthquake Engineering and En-gineering Vibration,1997,17(4):113~122.
[12]《中国地震动参数区划图》国家标准第1号修改单(GB 18306-2001)[S],2008.The First Modify List of National standards of First SeismicGround Parameter Zoning Map of China(GB 18306-2001),2008.
[13]黄润秋,邓荣贵.高边坡物质运动全过程模拟[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1993.Huang Runqiu,Deng Ronggui.Full-Course Numerical Simulationof High Slope Material Movement.Chengdu:Chengdu Universityof Science and Technology Publishing House,1993.
[14]孙玉科、古迅.赤平极射投影在岩体工程地质力学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社.1980.Sun Yuke,Gu Xun.The Application of Stereographic Pole Over-head Projector in Rock Engineering Geomechanics.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,1980.
[15]张管宏.交河故城崖体稳定性及崩塌机理研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.Zhang Guanhong.The Study of Stability and Collapsibility Mecha-nism of Cliff Mass of Jiaohe Ruins.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2007.
[16]朱飞.常张高速公路风化岩边坡稳定性分析及加固[J].公路与汽运,2004,8(4):51~53.Zhu Fei.The stability analysis and support of weathering rockslope of the Chang-Zhang expressway.Highways&AutomotiveApplications,2004,8(4):51~53.
[17]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.Zhang Zuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Analytical Prin-ciples of Engineering Geology.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,2005.
[18]胡斌,黄润秋.软硬互层边坡崩塌机理及治理对策研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):200~205.Hu Bin,Huang Runqiu.Collapse mechanism and treatmentmeasures of slopes with interbeddings of soft and hard rocks.Jour-nal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):200~205.
[2]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585~2592.Huang Runqiu,Li Weile.Research on development and distribu-tion rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12thMay,2008.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.2008,27(12):2585~2592.
[3]周永江,王云开,等.高地震烈度区堆积体边坡动力响应时程特征分析[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):93~98.Zhou Yongjiang,Wang Kaiyun,et al.Analysis on time history dy-namic response of a rockfall-type slope under high earthquake in-tensity.Journal of Mountain Science.2007,25(1):93~98.
[4]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,等.纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应离散元分析——以北川唐家山滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):319~327.Cui Fangpeng,Hu Ruilin,et al.Discrete element analysis of collap-sing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference cou-pling effects of p and s seismic waves—taking Tangjiashan land-slide in Beichuan county for example.Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):319~327.
[5]王秀英,聂高众,王登伟.利用强震记录分析汶川地震诱发滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2369~2376.Wang Xiuying,Nie Gaozhong,Wang Dengwei.Analysis of landslideinduced by Wenchuan earthquake by strong motion records.Chi-nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2369~2376.
[6]祁生文,伍法权,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792~2797.Qi Shengwen,Wu Faquan,et al.Engineering geology analysis onstability of slope under earthquake.Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2792~2797.
[7]刘红帅,薄景山,刘德东.岩土边坡地震稳定性分析研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):164~171.Liu Hongshuai,Bo Jingshan,Liu Dedong.Review on study of seis-mic stability analysis of rock-soil slopes.Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):164~171.
[8]沈建,陈新民,魏平.土质边坡地震稳定性研究进展[J].水运工程,2009,(6):40~46.Shen Jian,Chen Xinmin,Wei Ping.Reviewof study on seismic sta-bility of soil slopes.Port&Waterway Engineering,2009,(6):40~46.
[9]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,张明,等.重庆小南海地震崩滑体的基本特征及开成机制研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):167~174.Cui Fangpeng,Hu Ruilin,Zhang Ming,et al.Basic characteristicsand formation mechanism of collapsed and slided debris mass in-duced by Xiaonanhai earthquake in Chongqing city.Journal of En-gineering Geology,2009,17(2):167~174.
[10]刘杰,李建林,等.基于拟静力法的大岗山坝肩边坡地震工况稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2009,28(8):1562~1570.Liu Jie,Li Jianlin,et al.Stability analysis of dagangshan dam a-butment slope under earthquake based on pseudo-static method.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1562~1570.
[11]黄建梁,王威中,薛宏交.坡体地震稳定性的动态分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(4):113~122.Huang Jianliang,Wang Weizhong,Xue Hongjiao.Dynamic anal-ysis of seismic stability of slopes.Earthquake Engineering and En-gineering Vibration,1997,17(4):113~122.
[12]《中国地震动参数区划图》国家标准第1号修改单(GB 18306-2001)[S],2008.The First Modify List of National standards of First SeismicGround Parameter Zoning Map of China(GB 18306-2001),2008.
[13]黄润秋,邓荣贵.高边坡物质运动全过程模拟[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1993.Huang Runqiu,Deng Ronggui.Full-Course Numerical Simulationof High Slope Material Movement.Chengdu:Chengdu Universityof Science and Technology Publishing House,1993.
[14]孙玉科、古迅.赤平极射投影在岩体工程地质力学中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社.1980.Sun Yuke,Gu Xun.The Application of Stereographic Pole Over-head Projector in Rock Engineering Geomechanics.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,1980.
[15]张管宏.交河故城崖体稳定性及崩塌机理研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007.Zhang Guanhong.The Study of Stability and Collapsibility Mecha-nism of Cliff Mass of Jiaohe Ruins.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2007.
[16]朱飞.常张高速公路风化岩边坡稳定性分析及加固[J].公路与汽运,2004,8(4):51~53.Zhu Fei.The stability analysis and support of weathering rockslope of the Chang-Zhang expressway.Highways&AutomotiveApplications,2004,8(4):51~53.
[17]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.Zhang Zuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Analytical Prin-ciples of Engineering Geology.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,2005.
[18]胡斌,黄润秋.软硬互层边坡崩塌机理及治理对策研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):200~205.Hu Bin,Huang Runqiu.Collapse mechanism and treatmentmeasures of slopes with interbeddings of soft and hard rocks.Jour-nal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):200~205.
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