裂缝型HTI介质的纵波弹性阻抗
|
摘要
裂缝发育导致的地震波场各向异性,是裂缝型油气藏的一个重要特征.然而针对该类油气藏的叠前弹性阻抗技术,一直没有通过各向异性弹性阻抗公式建立与裂缝参数的直接关系.本文在回顾封闭平行硬币状裂缝模型和线性滑动模型的基础上,将裂缝填充物性质、分布密度与围岩的横纵波速度比,引入裂缝型HTI介质弹性阻抗公式,并对相应的归一化弹性阻抗响应特征进行模拟分析.分析表明,弹性阻抗受以上三参数的影响规律存在明显差异,其中含气裂隙介质随裂缝密度的变化要明显高于对应的流体裂隙介质,流体填充裂隙介质随横、纵波速度比的变化幅度要高于对应的含气裂隙介.该结论初步为裂缝型油气藏流体识别工作提供了依据.
Anisotropy is a very important property in fractured reservoirs and caused by crack development.However,explicit functional relations between anisotropic elastic impedance and crack parameters haven't been built up in pre-stack elastic impedance inversion for these reservoirs.In this article,we review the isolated parallel penny-shaped cracks model and linear slip model,and introduce crack fillings,distribution density and the square of vs/vp of wall rocks into HTI elastic impedance equation.The numerical simulation results show that elastic impedance are influenced by these three parameters in obvious different ways: EI for the cracked gas-filled media changes more with the variations of crack density,while the cracked fluid-filled ones are more sensitive to the variations of vs/vp.The above conclusion may be beneficial to fracture reservoir fluid identification.
Anisotropy is a very important property in fractured reservoirs and caused by crack development.However,explicit functional relations between anisotropic elastic impedance and crack parameters haven't been built up in pre-stack elastic impedance inversion for these reservoirs.In this article,we review the isolated parallel penny-shaped cracks model and linear slip model,and introduce crack fillings,distribution density and the square of vs/vp of wall rocks into HTI elastic impedance equation.The numerical simulation results show that elastic impedance are influenced by these three parameters in obvious different ways: EI for the cracked gas-filled media changes more with the variations of crack density,while the cracked fluid-filled ones are more sensitive to the variations of vs/vp.The above conclusion may be beneficial to fracture reservoir fluid identification.
引文
[1]Connolly P.Elastic impedance.The Leading Eage,1999,18(4):438-452.
[2]LandrM,Duffaut K,RognH.Well calibration of seabedseismic data.Expanded Abstracts of 69th Annual internat SEGMtg,1999:860-863.
[3]Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization.Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[4]Whitcombe D N,Connolly P A,Reagan R L,et al.Extendedelastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction.Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[5]马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演.地球物理学报,2003,46(1),118-124.Ma J F.Forward Modeling and Inversion method ofgeneralized elastic impedance in seismic exploration.ChineseJ.Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,46(1),118-124.
[6]Martins J L.An approach for elastic impedance in weaklyanisotropic media.Expanded Abstracts of 72th AnnualMeeting,2002:185-188.
[7]陈天胜,魏修成,刘洋.一种新的各向异性弹性阻抗近似公式.石油物探,2006,45(6):563-569.Chen T S,Wei X C,Liu Y.New approximation formula forcalculation of elastic impedance in anisotropic media.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(6):563-569.
[8]苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):520-523.Yuan S J,Yu C Q.Elastic impedance and seismic inversion inanisotropic media.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):520-523.
[9]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌等.VTI介质中的弹性阻抗与参数提取.地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1878-1885.Li A S,Yin X Y,Zhang F C,et al.Elastic impedance in vtimedia and parameter extraction.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2008,23(6):1878-1885.
[10]甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉等.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析.石油物探,2005,44(5):504-508.Gan L D,Zhao B L,Du W H,et al.The potential analysisof elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2005,44(5):504-508.
[11]李录明,罗省贤,王明春等.各向异性介质三维纵横波联合叠前反演方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2010,11(1):164-170.Li L M,Luo S X,Wang M C,et al.3D PP-PS jointinversion method and application in anisotropic medium.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2010,11(1):164-170.
[12]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌等.基于Fatti近似的弹性阻抗方程及反演.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):192-197.Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C,et al.Elastic impedanceequation based on Fatti approximation and inversion.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):192-197.
[13]喻岳钰,杨长春,王彦飞等.叠前弹性阻抗反演及其在含气储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):574-580.Yu Y Y,Yang C C,Wang Y F,et al.Application of pre-stack seismic elastic impedance inversion to gas reservoir.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2):574-580.
[14]杨晓,王真理,喻岳钰.裂缝型储层地震检测方法综述.地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1785-1794.Yang X,Wang Z L,Yu Y Y.The overview of seismictechniques in prediction of fracture reservoir.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(5):1785-1794.
[15]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin I.Estimation of fractureparameters from reflection seismic data—Part I:HTI modeldue to a single fracture set.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1788-1802.
[16]Hudson J A.Overall properties of a cracked solid.Math.Proc.Camb.Phil.Soc.,1980,88(2):371-384.
[17]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves inmaterial Containing cracks.Geophy.J.Roy.Astr.Soc.,1981,64(1):133-150.
[18]Schoenberg M.Elastic wave behavior across linear slip interfaces.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1980,68(5):1516-1521.
[19]Schoenberg M.Reflection of elastic waves from periodicallystratified media with interfacial slip.Geophy.Prosp.,1983,31(2):265-292.
[20]Hudson J A.Seismic wave propagation through material containingpartially saturated cracks.Geophy.J.,1988,92(1):33-37.
[21]Thomsen L.Elastic anisotropy due to aligned cracks in porousrock.Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(6):805-829.
[22]Hudson J A,Liu E,Crampin S.The mechanical propertiesof materials with interconnected cracks and pores.Geophys.J.Internat.,1996,124(1):105-112.
[23]Schoenberg M,Douma J.Elastic wave propagation in mediawith parallel fractures and aligned cracks.Geophys.Prosp.,1988,36(6):571-590.
[24]Rüger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropicmodels with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry.Geophysics,1997,62(3):713-722.
[25]Rüger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset andazimuth in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947.
[2]LandrM,Duffaut K,RognH.Well calibration of seabedseismic data.Expanded Abstracts of 69th Annual internat SEGMtg,1999:860-863.
[3]Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization.Geophysics,2002,67(1):60-62.
[4]Whitcombe D N,Connolly P A,Reagan R L,et al.Extendedelastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction.Geophysics,2002,67(1):63-67.
[5]马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演.地球物理学报,2003,46(1),118-124.Ma J F.Forward Modeling and Inversion method ofgeneralized elastic impedance in seismic exploration.ChineseJ.Geophysics(in Chinese),2003,46(1),118-124.
[6]Martins J L.An approach for elastic impedance in weaklyanisotropic media.Expanded Abstracts of 72th AnnualMeeting,2002:185-188.
[7]陈天胜,魏修成,刘洋.一种新的各向异性弹性阻抗近似公式.石油物探,2006,45(6):563-569.Chen T S,Wei X C,Liu Y.New approximation formula forcalculation of elastic impedance in anisotropic media.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2006,45(6):563-569.
[8]苑书金,于常青.各向异性介质中的弹性阻抗及其反演.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):520-523.Yuan S J,Yu C Q.Elastic impedance and seismic inversion inanisotropic media.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):520-523.
[9]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌等.VTI介质中的弹性阻抗与参数提取.地球物理学进展,2008,23(6):1878-1885.Li A S,Yin X Y,Zhang F C,et al.Elastic impedance in vtimedia and parameter extraction.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2008,23(6):1878-1885.
[10]甘利灯,赵邦六,杜文辉等.弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析.石油物探,2005,44(5):504-508.Gan L D,Zhao B L,Du W H,et al.The potential analysisof elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2005,44(5):504-508.
[11]李录明,罗省贤,王明春等.各向异性介质三维纵横波联合叠前反演方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2010,11(1):164-170.Li L M,Luo S X,Wang M C,et al.3D PP-PS jointinversion method and application in anisotropic medium.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2010,11(1):164-170.
[12]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌等.基于Fatti近似的弹性阻抗方程及反演.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):192-197.Wang B L,Yin X Y,Zhang F C,et al.Elastic impedanceequation based on Fatti approximation and inversion.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):192-197.
[13]喻岳钰,杨长春,王彦飞等.叠前弹性阻抗反演及其在含气储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):574-580.Yu Y Y,Yang C C,Wang Y F,et al.Application of pre-stack seismic elastic impedance inversion to gas reservoir.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(2):574-580.
[14]杨晓,王真理,喻岳钰.裂缝型储层地震检测方法综述.地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1785-1794.Yang X,Wang Z L,Yu Y Y.The overview of seismictechniques in prediction of fracture reservoir.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(5):1785-1794.
[15]Bakulin A,Grechka V,Tsvankin I.Estimation of fractureparameters from reflection seismic data—Part I:HTI modeldue to a single fracture set.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1788-1802.
[16]Hudson J A.Overall properties of a cracked solid.Math.Proc.Camb.Phil.Soc.,1980,88(2):371-384.
[17]Hudson J A.Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves inmaterial Containing cracks.Geophy.J.Roy.Astr.Soc.,1981,64(1):133-150.
[18]Schoenberg M.Elastic wave behavior across linear slip interfaces.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1980,68(5):1516-1521.
[19]Schoenberg M.Reflection of elastic waves from periodicallystratified media with interfacial slip.Geophy.Prosp.,1983,31(2):265-292.
[20]Hudson J A.Seismic wave propagation through material containingpartially saturated cracks.Geophy.J.,1988,92(1):33-37.
[21]Thomsen L.Elastic anisotropy due to aligned cracks in porousrock.Geophysical Prospecting,1995,43(6):805-829.
[22]Hudson J A,Liu E,Crampin S.The mechanical propertiesof materials with interconnected cracks and pores.Geophys.J.Internat.,1996,124(1):105-112.
[23]Schoenberg M,Douma J.Elastic wave propagation in mediawith parallel fractures and aligned cracks.Geophys.Prosp.,1988,36(6):571-590.
[24]Rüger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropicmodels with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry.Geophysics,1997,62(3):713-722.
[25]Rüger A.Variation of P-wave reflectivity with offset andazimuth in anisotropic media.Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心