邛海山洪泥石流淤积特征与趋势分析
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摘要
通过流域最典型支流官坝河山洪泥石流堆积特征调查,分析邛海泥沙淤积变化状况,探讨邛海山洪泥石流淤积特征以及发展趋势。结果表明,1950年以来,邛海泥沙淤积达到0.52×106 m3;山洪泥石流携带的泥沙堆积特征为粗颗粒(粒径>2mm)沿沟床堆积,细颗粒大多被输移到邛海;山洪泥石流形成的堆积扇促使邛海湖岸线向湖心不断推进;邛海流域山洪泥石流潜入邛海湖底,形成浊流在湖底继续运动,形成湖底水下堤及冲沟,改变邛海湖底地形。在强地震和强降雨等多因素的偶然联合作用下,邛海流域可能会发生大规模的山洪泥石流。
This paper investigates the accumulation characters of the debris flows of the flash floods in the most typical tributaries in the Qionghai basin of Guanba river,Sichuan,China,analyses the changes of silt deposit in Qionghai,and explores the deposit characters and development trend.Based on this,the authors draw the following conclusions.Firstly,since 1950,520 thousand cubic silt have deposited in Qionghai.Secondly,the deposit character of silt carried by debris flows of flash flood is that coarse particles(diameter >2 mm) accumulate along the ditch bed,while the fine particles are transported to Qionghai.Thirdly,the depositional fan formed by debris flows of flash flood impels the Qionghai lake shoreline to push on to the lake core constantly.Fourthly,the debris flows of flash flood sneak into the sublacustrine,forming the turbidity current in the lake and continuing to move,as well as forming sublacustrine underwater embankments to change the sublacustrine topography.Finally,with the combining effects of strong earthquakes,rainfalls and other causal factors,large-scale debris flows of flash flood may take place in Qionghai.
This paper investigates the accumulation characters of the debris flows of the flash floods in the most typical tributaries in the Qionghai basin of Guanba river,Sichuan,China,analyses the changes of silt deposit in Qionghai,and explores the deposit characters and development trend.Based on this,the authors draw the following conclusions.Firstly,since 1950,520 thousand cubic silt have deposited in Qionghai.Secondly,the deposit character of silt carried by debris flows of flash flood is that coarse particles(diameter >2 mm) accumulate along the ditch bed,while the fine particles are transported to Qionghai.Thirdly,the depositional fan formed by debris flows of flash flood impels the Qionghai lake shoreline to push on to the lake core constantly.Fourthly,the debris flows of flash flood sneak into the sublacustrine,forming the turbidity current in the lake and continuing to move,as well as forming sublacustrine underwater embankments to change the sublacustrine topography.Finally,with the combining effects of strong earthquakes,rainfalls and other causal factors,large-scale debris flows of flash flood may take place in Qionghai.
引文
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[2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,兰州地质研究所,南京地质古生物研究所,等.云南断陷湖泊环境与沉积[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:459-468.
[3]云南省环境科学研究所,北京大学环境学院,中国昆明高原湖泊国际研究中心.邛海流域环境规划总报告[R].西昌:西昌市邛海管理局,2004.
[4]余斌,章书成,王士革.四川西昌邛海的浊流沉积初探[J].沉积学报,2005,23(4):559-565.
[5]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所.四川省西昌市山洪灾害防御实施方案[R].成都:中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,2009.
[6]钱宁,万兆惠.泥沙运动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[7]余斌,王士革.鹅掌河泥石流对四川邛海影响的初步研究[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(1):57-62.
[8]陈宁生,崔鹏,刘中港.基于黏土颗粒含量的泥石流容重计算[J].中国科学:E辑,2003,33(增刊):164-174.
[9]陈宁生,杨成林.泥石流勘查技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:137.
[10]中科院成都山地灾害与环境研究所.邛海流域官坝河山洪泥石流防治工程勘查报告[R].成都:中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,2011.
[11]孙泽峰,周中立,薛娜,等.邛海流域泥石流形成机理及防治措施,[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(16):173-175.
[12]甘遐荣,林向,何国涛,等.四川西昌附近地震危险性初探[J].地震研究,1982,2(5):179-189.
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