起伏地表叠前时间偏移处理流程及其应用研究
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摘要
复杂山地地表高程变化剧烈,影响速度分析和速度建模,造成偏移归位不准确。为消除山地地震资料偏移处理因高程变化大引起成像聚焦变差的问题,有效避开低信噪比下的深度域速度建模,提出了一套基于起伏地表叠前时间偏移的处理流程,主要处理步骤包括成像基准面构建、基于成像基准面的速度模型更新和起伏地表叠前时间偏移。构建成像基准面的目的是使获得的速度模型与实际速度模型最大程度相吻合;基于成像基准面的速度模型更新能使速度模型更有效地收敛;还原实际炮、检点关系的起伏地表叠前时间偏移提高了时间偏移的聚焦能力。西部某山区实际资料的处理结果表明,采用该处理流程得到的剖面品质高、分辨率显著提升、断点清晰、断面刻画明显,为后续解释工作提供了很好的资料。
In complex mountainous areas,the large variation of elevation has a bad effect on velocity analysis and model building and results in inaccurate migration.In order to remove the effects of poor imaging focusing and avoid building depth-domain velocity model under the low signal-to-noise ratio,a pre-stack time migration scheme for rugged topography was proposed.The main procedures of this scheme include imaging datum construction,velocity model update based on imaging datum and prestack time migration for rugged topography.The purpose of building image surface is trying to make the obtained velocity model coinciding with the actual velocity model.The convergence of velocity model benefits from the velocity model update based on imaging surface.Meanwhile,by using this scheme,the actual shot-receiver relationship can be obtained to improve focusing ability of time migration.The real data examples at mountainous area in Western China illustrate that high-quality sections were achieved with obviously-improved resolution,clear breakpoints and break sections,which provides good basic data for subsequent interpretation.
In complex mountainous areas,the large variation of elevation has a bad effect on velocity analysis and model building and results in inaccurate migration.In order to remove the effects of poor imaging focusing and avoid building depth-domain velocity model under the low signal-to-noise ratio,a pre-stack time migration scheme for rugged topography was proposed.The main procedures of this scheme include imaging datum construction,velocity model update based on imaging datum and prestack time migration for rugged topography.The purpose of building image surface is trying to make the obtained velocity model coinciding with the actual velocity model.The convergence of velocity model benefits from the velocity model update based on imaging surface.Meanwhile,by using this scheme,the actual shot-receiver relationship can be obtained to improve focusing ability of time migration.The real data examples at mountainous area in Western China illustrate that high-quality sections were achieved with obviously-improved resolution,clear breakpoints and break sections,which provides good basic data for subsequent interpretation.
引文
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[11]贺振华.反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989:33-45He Z H.Migration and inversion of seismic reflec-tion procession[M].Chongqing:Press of ChongqingUniversity,1989:33-45
[12]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:1-8Li Q Z.The way to obtain a better resolution in seis-mic prospection[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1994:1-8
[2]Jian C L,Don P.Land data migration from ruggedtopography[J].Expanded Abstracts of 72nd AnnualInternat SEG Mtg,2002,1137-1141
[3]朱海波,张兵.起伏地表叠前时间偏移技术研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(5):368-373Zhu H B,Zhang B.Pre-stack time migration fromtopography[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(5):368-373
[4]董春晖,张剑锋.起伏地表下的直接叠前时间偏移[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):239-346Dong C H,Zhang J F.Pre-stack time migration in-cluding surface topography[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2009,52(3):239-346
[5]方伍宝,朱海波,潘宏勋.基于地表直接偏移技术的山区复杂构造成像[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(5):363-368Fang W B,Zhu H B,Pan H X.Application of seis-mic migration direct from ground surface in imagingcomplex structure in mountainous area[J].Progressin Exploration Geophysics,2008,31(5):363-368
[6]刘少勇,王华忠.起伏地表Kirchhoff积分法叠前深度偏移方法研究与应用[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(7):49-54Liu S Y,Wang H Z.Kirchhoff integral PSDM forrugged topography:technology and applications[J].Oil&Gas Exploration,2010,22(7):49-54
[7]王伟莲,董永苍.叠前时间偏移成像技术在柴达木盆地马仙断裂带的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(5):83-90Wang W L,Dong Y C.Application of PSTM ima-ging in Maxian faulted zone[J].Oil&Gas Explora-tion,2010,22(5):83-90
[8]张永华,刘振东,徐照营.王集地区复杂断裂构造带高精度三维地震成像研究[J].石油物探,2010,6(3):591-595Zhang Y H,Liu Z D,Xu Z Y.Application of 3Dhighprecision seismic image of complex fracture zone onWangJi area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petro-leum,2010,6(3):591-595
[9]林伯香,孙晶梅,刘起弘.关于浮动基准面概念的讨论[J].石油物探,2005,44(1):94-99Lin B X,Sun J M,Liu Q H.Discuss about concept offloat datum[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole-um,2005,44(1):94-99
[10]林伯香.最小静校正误差浮动基准面方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):611-617Lin B X.A method of minimum statics error on floatdatum[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(6):611-617
[11]贺振华.反射地震资料偏移处理与反演方法[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1989:33-45He Z H.Migration and inversion of seismic reflec-tion procession[M].Chongqing:Press of ChongqingUniversity,1989:33-45
[12]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:1-8Li Q Z.The way to obtain a better resolution in seis-mic prospection[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1994:1-8
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