准南逆冲褶皱带逆冲断层构造活动与油气运聚
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摘要
准噶尔盆地南缘逆冲褶皱带为新生代以来一直活动的逆冲构造带,因此该地区的油气勘探必须以此为重点而非古逆冲带。据地面地质、地震和钻井数据分析,准南逆冲带的逆冲断层倾角主要集中在30°±5°和50°±5°.应力分析表明,主压应力与断层为30°±5°夹角,最大主应力与最小主应力比最小,表明存在最大的流体压力,断层周围的流体沿着最大主应力方向发生流动,断层成为流体运移的通道。而为主压应力与断层倾角在50°±5°夹角时,断层重新活动需要更高的流体压力,导致断层封闭性相对较好。准南逆冲褶皱带在构造挤压作用下逆冲断层向北扩展,作为断层滑脱面的古近系安集海河组泥岩形成更高的构造超高压,同时造成安集海河组之下紫泥泉子组砂岩水平渗透性远大于垂直方向渗透性,可以发育有利储集层,成为南缘地区主要勘探目的层。
The thrust fold belt in southern margin of Junggar basin has been still active since the Cenozoic era,and the hydrocarbon exploration in this area must focus in present thrust structural belt rather than ancient one.Based on available surface surveys and 2D/3D seismic data interpretations,the dip angles of thrust faults in this belt most range from 30°±5° to 50°±5°.The stress analysis shows that intersection angle between the principal stress and the fault is about 30°±5°,which means the maximum/the minimum principal stress ratio is the minimum,there exists the maximum fluid pressure,at which the fluids around the fault may flow along the maximum principal stress orientation,the faults become the main pathway of fluid migration.When the intersection angle is about 50°±5°,the reactivated faults need higher fluid pressure,resulting in that the sealing of the fault is relatively better.Under the tectonic compression,the thrust fault extends toward the north,in which the detachment layer of fault is mudstone or shale of the Paleocene Anjihaihe formation,which forms much higher tectonic overpressures in this layer.The sandstone horizontal permeability of the Ziniquanzi formation underlying Anjihaihe formation is much higher than its vertical permeability,which is helpful to becoming favorable reservoirs,being major target zones for petroleum exploration in this area.
The thrust fold belt in southern margin of Junggar basin has been still active since the Cenozoic era,and the hydrocarbon exploration in this area must focus in present thrust structural belt rather than ancient one.Based on available surface surveys and 2D/3D seismic data interpretations,the dip angles of thrust faults in this belt most range from 30°±5° to 50°±5°.The stress analysis shows that intersection angle between the principal stress and the fault is about 30°±5°,which means the maximum/the minimum principal stress ratio is the minimum,there exists the maximum fluid pressure,at which the fluids around the fault may flow along the maximum principal stress orientation,the faults become the main pathway of fluid migration.When the intersection angle is about 50°±5°,the reactivated faults need higher fluid pressure,resulting in that the sealing of the fault is relatively better.Under the tectonic compression,the thrust fault extends toward the north,in which the detachment layer of fault is mudstone or shale of the Paleocene Anjihaihe formation,which forms much higher tectonic overpressures in this layer.The sandstone horizontal permeability of the Ziniquanzi formation underlying Anjihaihe formation is much higher than its vertical permeability,which is helpful to becoming favorable reservoirs,being major target zones for petroleum exploration in this area.
引文
[1]吴晓智,王立宏,宋志理.准噶尔盆地南缘构造应力场与油气运聚关系[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(2):202-204.
[2]杨晓平,邓起东,张培震,等.北天山地区活动逆断裂-褶皱带构造与潜在震源区估计[J].地震地质,1998,20(3):193-199.
[3]尹光华,买颜东,蒋佰军,等.新疆独山子GPS形变测量与断层活动性研究[J].内陆地震,1999,13(4):345-351.
[4]吴晓智,王立宏,喻春辉,等.准噶尔盆地南缘山前构造带成藏条件与勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(增刊):572-575.
[5]Sibson R H,Roland J.Stress,fluid pressure and structural permeability in seismogenic crust,North Island[J].Geo phys.J.Int.,2003,154(2):584-594.
[6]Sibson R H.Frictional mechanics of seimogenic thrust sys tems in the upper continental crust—Implications for fluid overpressures and redistribution[A].McClay K R.Thrust and hydrocarbon system[C].AAPG Memoir,2004,82:1-17.
[7]李民河,李震,廖健德.准噶尔盆地南缘地应力分析及相关问题探[J].新疆地质,2005,23(4):343-346.
[8]王震亮,孙明亮,耿鹏,等.准南地区异常地层压力发育特征及形成机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):32-33.
[9]李铁军.准噶尔盆地南缘异常高压及其成因机制初探[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):234-244.
[10]Dahlen F A,Suppe J,Davis D.Mechanics of fold and thrust belts and accretionary wedges:cohesive coulomb theory[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(B12):10087-10101.
[11]Luo Xiaorong,Wang Zhaoming,Zhang Liqiang,et al.Overpr essure generation and evolution in a compressionaltectonic setting,the southern margin of Junggar basin,northwestern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(8):1123-1139.
[12]阿布力米提,吴晓智,李臣,等.准南前陆冲断带中段油气分布规律及成藏模式[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(5):489-491.
[13]李耀华.准噶尔盆地南缘储层特征与评价[J].天然气勘探与开发,2000,23(2):1-6.
[14]姜福杰,姜振学,庞雄奇,等.准南前陆冲断带油气成藏的主控因素[J].天然气工业,2007,27(7):27-30.
[15]Kippe R J,Jones G,Fisher Q J.Faulting,fault sealing and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoir:an introduction[A].Jones G,Fisher Q J,Kippe R J,et al.Faulting,fault seal ing and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoir[C].Geological Society of London Special Publication,1998,147(2),DOI:10.1306/02260706035.
[16]万敏.准南缘及车排子地区深部碎屑岩优质储层控制因素分析[J].新疆石油天然气,2009,5(2):8-11.
[17]Sibson R H.Structural permeability of fluid driven fault fracture meshes[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1996,18,1031-1042,DOI:10.1016/0191-8141(96)00032-6.
[18]Byerlee J D.Friction of rocks[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,1978,116:615-626.
[19]周新贵,孙宝珊.现今地应力与断层封闭效应[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,7(5):127-131.
[20]邓起东.活动断裂研究(二)[M].北京:地震出版社,1996:l17-126.
[21]Anderson E M.The dynamics of faulting and dyke forma tion with application to Britain(2 nd ed.)[M].Edinburgh,Ol iver and Boyd,1951:206.
[22]Orlov A,Omelchenko V,Trubenko V,et al.Incodence of tectonic stress on overpressure development in Ukrainnian basin[A].Swennen R,Roure F,Granath J W,et al.Defor mation,fluid flow,and reservoir appraisal in foreland fold and thrust belts[C].AAPG Hedberg Series,2004,1:245-255.
[2]杨晓平,邓起东,张培震,等.北天山地区活动逆断裂-褶皱带构造与潜在震源区估计[J].地震地质,1998,20(3):193-199.
[3]尹光华,买颜东,蒋佰军,等.新疆独山子GPS形变测量与断层活动性研究[J].内陆地震,1999,13(4):345-351.
[4]吴晓智,王立宏,喻春辉,等.准噶尔盆地南缘山前构造带成藏条件与勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(增刊):572-575.
[5]Sibson R H,Roland J.Stress,fluid pressure and structural permeability in seismogenic crust,North Island[J].Geo phys.J.Int.,2003,154(2):584-594.
[6]Sibson R H.Frictional mechanics of seimogenic thrust sys tems in the upper continental crust—Implications for fluid overpressures and redistribution[A].McClay K R.Thrust and hydrocarbon system[C].AAPG Memoir,2004,82:1-17.
[7]李民河,李震,廖健德.准噶尔盆地南缘地应力分析及相关问题探[J].新疆地质,2005,23(4):343-346.
[8]王震亮,孙明亮,耿鹏,等.准南地区异常地层压力发育特征及形成机理[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):32-33.
[9]李铁军.准噶尔盆地南缘异常高压及其成因机制初探[J].地质科学,2004,39(2):234-244.
[10]Dahlen F A,Suppe J,Davis D.Mechanics of fold and thrust belts and accretionary wedges:cohesive coulomb theory[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(B12):10087-10101.
[11]Luo Xiaorong,Wang Zhaoming,Zhang Liqiang,et al.Overpr essure generation and evolution in a compressionaltectonic setting,the southern margin of Junggar basin,northwestern China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(8):1123-1139.
[12]阿布力米提,吴晓智,李臣,等.准南前陆冲断带中段油气分布规律及成藏模式[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(5):489-491.
[13]李耀华.准噶尔盆地南缘储层特征与评价[J].天然气勘探与开发,2000,23(2):1-6.
[14]姜福杰,姜振学,庞雄奇,等.准南前陆冲断带油气成藏的主控因素[J].天然气工业,2007,27(7):27-30.
[15]Kippe R J,Jones G,Fisher Q J.Faulting,fault sealing and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoir:an introduction[A].Jones G,Fisher Q J,Kippe R J,et al.Faulting,fault seal ing and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoir[C].Geological Society of London Special Publication,1998,147(2),DOI:10.1306/02260706035.
[16]万敏.准南缘及车排子地区深部碎屑岩优质储层控制因素分析[J].新疆石油天然气,2009,5(2):8-11.
[17]Sibson R H.Structural permeability of fluid driven fault fracture meshes[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1996,18,1031-1042,DOI:10.1016/0191-8141(96)00032-6.
[18]Byerlee J D.Friction of rocks[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,1978,116:615-626.
[19]周新贵,孙宝珊.现今地应力与断层封闭效应[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,7(5):127-131.
[20]邓起东.活动断裂研究(二)[M].北京:地震出版社,1996:l17-126.
[21]Anderson E M.The dynamics of faulting and dyke forma tion with application to Britain(2 nd ed.)[M].Edinburgh,Ol iver and Boyd,1951:206.
[22]Orlov A,Omelchenko V,Trubenko V,et al.Incodence of tectonic stress on overpressure development in Ukrainnian basin[A].Swennen R,Roure F,Granath J W,et al.Defor mation,fluid flow,and reservoir appraisal in foreland fold and thrust belts[C].AAPG Hedberg Series,2004,1:245-255.
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