盐相关盆地油气地质特征及其勘探认识——以红海盆地为例
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摘要
全球已发现的工业油气田中与盐系地层有关的约为58%,总结盐相关盆地油气地质特征及其勘探经验,为含盐盆地的油气发现具有非常重要的意义。通过对红海盆地的岩盐发育和分布规律研究、盆地生储盖特征分析及红海盆地实际勘探经验总结,认为含盐盆地具有以下特征:含盐盆地盐系地层发育,岩盐因构造变形可形成多种类型的盐构造,油气勘探应以寻找各种盐构造油气藏为主;含盐盆地盐下易形成高温高压,盐下储层主要为碳酸盐岩和砂岩,这种异常高压对储集层的储集性能是有利的,盐下应以储层类型和圈闭识别为主要勘探目标;含盐盆地地质情况复杂,勘探工程难度大,需加强钻井工程研究;含盐盆地盐下地震成像普遍较差,加强盐下地震处理技术研究,辨别盐下"假构造",是盐盆勘探取得突破的关键。
The hydrocarbon discoveries in relation with salt bed account for approximate 58%.Salt basin's hydrocarbon geological characteristics and exploration experience are very important for hydrocarbon discovery.Directed by Red Sea basin's salt bed existence and distribution regular study,source-reservoir-seal characteristics analysis and exploration activities,salt basin was considered to have following several features: salt layers are abundant in salt basin,forming various salt structures for salt deformation and hydrocarbon exploration give first place to seeking salt tectonics reservoirs;the pre-salt reservoirs dominated by carbonate and sandstone usually have high temperature and high pressure which is benefit for reservoir's properties and reservoir types and traps identification are crucial for the pre-salt exploration;it is necessary to strengthen drilling engineering study due to complicated geology and great difficulty in engineering;the seismic imaging quality is general weak in the pre-salt,which is the breakthrough key for enhancing seismic process technology study and distinguish "false structural" under the salt layer.
The hydrocarbon discoveries in relation with salt bed account for approximate 58%.Salt basin's hydrocarbon geological characteristics and exploration experience are very important for hydrocarbon discovery.Directed by Red Sea basin's salt bed existence and distribution regular study,source-reservoir-seal characteristics analysis and exploration activities,salt basin was considered to have following several features: salt layers are abundant in salt basin,forming various salt structures for salt deformation and hydrocarbon exploration give first place to seeking salt tectonics reservoirs;the pre-salt reservoirs dominated by carbonate and sandstone usually have high temperature and high pressure which is benefit for reservoir's properties and reservoir types and traps identification are crucial for the pre-salt exploration;it is necessary to strengthen drilling engineering study due to complicated geology and great difficulty in engineering;the seismic imaging quality is general weak in the pre-salt,which is the breakthrough key for enhancing seismic process technology study and distinguish "false structural" under the salt layer.
引文
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[2]卫孝锋.含盐盆地地震勘探技术浅析[J].海相油气地质,2002,7(2):54-58.
[3]Bosworth W,Huchon P,Mcclay K.The Red Sea and Gulf ofAden Basins[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences.2005,43(2005):334.378.
[4]戈红星,Jackson M P A.盐构造与油气圈闭及其综合利用[J].Journal of Nanjing University,1996,32(4):640-649.
[5]宋明雁,李莉.世界含盐盆地油气分布规律及其勘探经验[J].世界石油工业,1998,5(5):14-17.
[6]金文正,汤良杰,万桂梅.浅谈盐及相关构造与油气的关系[J].西北油气勘探,2005,17(3):29-34.
[7]刘晓峰,解习农.与盐构造相关的流体流动和油气运聚[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学.北京),2001,8(1):343-349.
[8]徐士林,吕修祥,杨明慧,等.库车坳陷膏盐岩对异常高压保存的控制作用[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版).2004,19(4):5-8.
[9]陈发亮,陈业全,魏生祥,等.东濮凹陷盐湖盆地油气富集规律研究[J].盐湖研究,2003.11(4):33-38.
[10]Ward R W,et al.对盐体下部沉积构造成像:我们到达何种程度?[J].郑金仕,译.石油物探译从,1995:53-56.
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