基于零相位子波地层Q值估计
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摘要
地震子波一般并非脉冲,而地层品质因子的提取公式大都是假设地震子波为脉冲时推导得到的,这在实际应用中误差较大,并且在进行频谱比时不容易确定所选择的频率区间的范围,从而影响方法的适用性.由此,本文讨论了地震子波为一般零相位子波时,基于地震波的传播理论和S变换理论,推导了S域中地层品质因子的估算方法,并通过Marmousi2模型和实际资料的应用来验证该方法的正确性和适用性.经模型和实际资料的应用表明,该方法不仅充分考虑了因地层吸收而引起的振幅、频率等信息的变化,避免了通常品质因子计算中的平均效应,而且能够很好的确定估算Q值的频率区间范围,使估算的品质因子更加准确,适用性更强.
Generally the seismic wave is not pulse.But the formulas of the extraction of quality factor is commonly derived by assuming that the seismic wave is pulse.In practical applications the error is larger,and it is not easy to determine the scope of the selected frequency range to do the spectral ratio.Consequently this affects the applicability of the method.Thus,this paper discusses the derivation of the method of quality factor estimation based on seismic wave propagation and S transformation when the seismic wavelet is zero-phase wavelet,and verifies the correctness and applicability by the Marmousi2 model and the application of actual data.The application of models and real data show that,this method not only considers the change of the information of amplitude and frequency caused by earth layer absorption,but also avoid the average effect of the absorption coefficient of the usual calculation.It can determine the frequency range better,making earth layer absorption parameters extraction more accurately and more applicable.
Generally the seismic wave is not pulse.But the formulas of the extraction of quality factor is commonly derived by assuming that the seismic wave is pulse.In practical applications the error is larger,and it is not easy to determine the scope of the selected frequency range to do the spectral ratio.Consequently this affects the applicability of the method.Thus,this paper discusses the derivation of the method of quality factor estimation based on seismic wave propagation and S transformation when the seismic wavelet is zero-phase wavelet,and verifies the correctness and applicability by the Marmousi2 model and the application of actual data.The application of models and real data show that,this method not only considers the change of the information of amplitude and frequency caused by earth layer absorption,but also avoid the average effect of the absorption coefficient of the usual calculation.It can determine the frequency range better,making earth layer absorption parameters extraction more accurately and more applicable.
引文
[1]刘祖沅.岩石中地震波衰减的实验研究[J].地震科学研究, 1983,6:34-40. Liu Zuyuan.The experimental study of seismic wave attenuation in rock[J],Earthquake Science sresearch,1983, 6:34-40.
[2]李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1147-1152. Li Zhenchun,Wang Qingzhen.A review of research on mechanism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation [J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,2(4):1147—1152.
[3]王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1837- 1843. Wang J M,Chen S M,Su M X,et al.A study of the near surface high-frequency compensation technology in 3-D seismic exploration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50 (6):1837-1843.
[4]陈树民,宋永忠,牛彦良.松辽盆地地层吸收特征和地震波衰减规律研究[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):43-52. Chen Shumin,Song Yongzhong,Niu Yanliang.A study on the absorption characteristics of rocks and the rule of wave attenuation in songliao basin[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2001,16(4):43-52.
[5]Ricker,Norman.The form and laws of propagation of seismic wavelets[J].Geophysics,1952,18:10-40.
[6]杨伟刚.基于地震波衰减属性的主参数分析研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007:31-35. Yang Weigang.Main parameter analysis based on seismic wave attenuation attribute[D].Chcndu:Chengdu University of Technology,2007:31-35.
[7]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭,等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3): 908-914. Wang D X,Xin K F,Li Y M,etal.An experimental study of influence of water saturation on velocity and attenuation in sandstone under stratum conditions[J],Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2006,49(3):908-914.
[8]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993: 35-56. Yu Shoupeng.High resolution seismic exploration[M]. Beinjing:The Press of Petroleum Industry,1993:35-56.
[9]王珺,杨长春,乔玉雷,等.用稳定高效的反Q滤波技术提高地震资料分辨率[J].地球物理学进展,2008:23(2):456-463. Wang Jun,Yang Chang-chun,Qiao Yu-lei,et al.Improve the seismic resolution with a stable and efficient inverse Q filter [J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):456-463.
[10]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社, 1993:261-270. Lu Jimeng.The principle of seismic exploration[M]. Shandong Dongying:The Press of China University of Petroleum,1993:261-270.
[11]徐平,王宝善,张尉,等.利用互相关函数求地震波衰减[J].地球物理学报,2006:49(6):1738-1744. Xu P,Wang B S,Zhang W,et al.Estimation seismic attenuation using cross-correlation function[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1738-1744.
[12]李鲲鹏,李衍达,张学工.基于小波包分解的地层吸收补偿[J].地球物理学报,2000:43(4):542-549. Li Kun-peng,Li Yan-da,Zhang Xue-Gong.A method of compensate earth filtering based on wavelet packet[J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(4):542-549.
[13]Sheng Jie Sun.Determination of seismic attenuation from surface and downhole measurements[D].Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Graduate College,2000.
[14]王西文,杨孔庆,杨午阳,等.基于小波变换拟瞬时吸收系数的计算方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探.2002,37(增刊): 205-209. Wang Xiwen,Yang Kongqing,Yang Wuyang,et al.The calculation method and application of quasi instantaneous absorption coefficient based on wavelet transformation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(Supplement):205- 209.
[15]Zhang Ch J,Ulrychz T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP record[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547.
[16]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898. Li H B,Zhao W Z,Cao H,et al.Characteristics of seismic attenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):892—898.
[17]赵伟,葛艳.利用零偏移距VSP资料在小波域计算介质Q值[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1202-1208. Zhao W,Ge Y.Estimation of Q from VSP data with zero offset in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1202-1208.
[18]高静怀,杨森林.王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3): 853-861. Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extraction using instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of direct waves of VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2008,51(3):853-861.
[19]董宁,杨立强.基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):533- 538. Dong Ning,Yang Li-qiang,Application of absorption and attenuation based on wavelet transform for prediction of reservoir in tahe oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008, 23(2):533-538.
[20]高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,等.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1155-1163. Gao J H,Mao J,Man W S,et al.On the denoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain[J],Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1155-1163.
[21]刘喜武,刘洪,等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440-451. Liu Xiwu,Liu Hong etal.Study on characteristics of seismic stratigraphy by generalized S-transform[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):440-451.
[22]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532. Gao J H,Chen W C,Li Y M,et al.Generalized S transform and seismic response analysis of thin interbeds[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(4):526-532.
[23]Stockwcll R G,Mansinha L,and Lowe R P.Localization of the Complex Spectrum:The S Transform[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING,1996,44 (4):998-1001.
[24]Aki K,Richards PG..Quantitative Seismology,Theory and Methods[M],San Francisco:W H Freeman,1980.
[25]邹文.S-变换时频分析技术及其在地震勘探中的应用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2005:17-26. Zou Wen.S-Transform Time-frequency analysis technology and its application research in seismic prospecting[D]. Beinjing:China University of Geosciences,2005:17-26.
[2]李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1147-1152. Li Zhenchun,Wang Qingzhen.A review of research on mechanism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation [J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,2(4):1147—1152.
[3]王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1837- 1843. Wang J M,Chen S M,Su M X,et al.A study of the near surface high-frequency compensation technology in 3-D seismic exploration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50 (6):1837-1843.
[4]陈树民,宋永忠,牛彦良.松辽盆地地层吸收特征和地震波衰减规律研究[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):43-52. Chen Shumin,Song Yongzhong,Niu Yanliang.A study on the absorption characteristics of rocks and the rule of wave attenuation in songliao basin[J].Progress in Geophysics, 2001,16(4):43-52.
[5]Ricker,Norman.The form and laws of propagation of seismic wavelets[J].Geophysics,1952,18:10-40.
[6]杨伟刚.基于地震波衰减属性的主参数分析研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2007:31-35. Yang Weigang.Main parameter analysis based on seismic wave attenuation attribute[D].Chcndu:Chengdu University of Technology,2007:31-35.
[7]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭,等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3): 908-914. Wang D X,Xin K F,Li Y M,etal.An experimental study of influence of water saturation on velocity and attenuation in sandstone under stratum conditions[J],Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese),2006,49(3):908-914.
[8]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993: 35-56. Yu Shoupeng.High resolution seismic exploration[M]. Beinjing:The Press of Petroleum Industry,1993:35-56.
[9]王珺,杨长春,乔玉雷,等.用稳定高效的反Q滤波技术提高地震资料分辨率[J].地球物理学进展,2008:23(2):456-463. Wang Jun,Yang Chang-chun,Qiao Yu-lei,et al.Improve the seismic resolution with a stable and efficient inverse Q filter [J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):456-463.
[10]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社, 1993:261-270. Lu Jimeng.The principle of seismic exploration[M]. Shandong Dongying:The Press of China University of Petroleum,1993:261-270.
[11]徐平,王宝善,张尉,等.利用互相关函数求地震波衰减[J].地球物理学报,2006:49(6):1738-1744. Xu P,Wang B S,Zhang W,et al.Estimation seismic attenuation using cross-correlation function[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1738-1744.
[12]李鲲鹏,李衍达,张学工.基于小波包分解的地层吸收补偿[J].地球物理学报,2000:43(4):542-549. Li Kun-peng,Li Yan-da,Zhang Xue-Gong.A method of compensate earth filtering based on wavelet packet[J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(4):542-549.
[13]Sheng Jie Sun.Determination of seismic attenuation from surface and downhole measurements[D].Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Graduate College,2000.
[14]王西文,杨孔庆,杨午阳,等.基于小波变换拟瞬时吸收系数的计算方法和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探.2002,37(增刊): 205-209. Wang Xiwen,Yang Kongqing,Yang Wuyang,et al.The calculation method and application of quasi instantaneous absorption coefficient based on wavelet transformation[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(Supplement):205- 209.
[15]Zhang Ch J,Ulrychz T J.Estimation of quality factors from CMP record[J].Geophysics,2002,67(5):1542-1547.
[16]李宏兵,赵文智,曹宏,等.小波尺度域含气储层地震波衰减特征[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(5):892-898. Li H B,Zhao W Z,Cao H,et al.Characteristics of seismic attenuation of gas reservoirs in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):892—898.
[17]赵伟,葛艳.利用零偏移距VSP资料在小波域计算介质Q值[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1202-1208. Zhao W,Ge Y.Estimation of Q from VSP data with zero offset in wavelet domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1202-1208.
[18]高静怀,杨森林.王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3): 853-861. Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extraction using instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of direct waves of VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2008,51(3):853-861.
[19]董宁,杨立强.基于小波变换的吸收衰减技术在塔河油田储层预测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):533- 538. Dong Ning,Yang Li-qiang,Application of absorption and attenuation based on wavelet transform for prediction of reservoir in tahe oilfield[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008, 23(2):533-538.
[20]高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,等.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1155-1163. Gao J H,Mao J,Man W S,et al.On the denoising method of prestack seismic data in wavelet domain[J],Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1155-1163.
[21]刘喜武,刘洪,等.基于广义S变换研究地震地层特征[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):440-451. Liu Xiwu,Liu Hong etal.Study on characteristics of seismic stratigraphy by generalized S-transform[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(2):440-451.
[22]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532. Gao J H,Chen W C,Li Y M,et al.Generalized S transform and seismic response analysis of thin interbeds[J].Chinese J. Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(4):526-532.
[23]Stockwcll R G,Mansinha L,and Lowe R P.Localization of the Complex Spectrum:The S Transform[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING,1996,44 (4):998-1001.
[24]Aki K,Richards PG..Quantitative Seismology,Theory and Methods[M],San Francisco:W H Freeman,1980.
[25]邹文.S-变换时频分析技术及其在地震勘探中的应用研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2005:17-26. Zou Wen.S-Transform Time-frequency analysis technology and its application research in seismic prospecting[D]. Beinjing:China University of Geosciences,2005:17-26.
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