南沙海域万安盆地地质构造与沉积体系特征
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摘要
万安盆地是其东侧万安走滑断裂发生右旋走滑所派生的扭张应力作用下形成的一个走滑拉张盆地。NE、NEE和SN向的断裂是盆内最主要的断裂,它们在盆内局部形成"三隆四坳"的格局。盆地构造演化经历了基底形成、初始裂谷作用、裂谷发育(第一阶段裂谷作用)、裂谷后早期(第二阶段裂谷作用)、构造反转和裂后期(区域沉降阶段)等几个阶段。根据钻井资料和地震资料中叠加速度建立的时-深关系,在该盆地可划分出4个巨层序界面:MB1,声波基底的顶部(前古近纪);MB2,渐新世顶部(24Ma);MB3,晚中新世(8Ma);MB4,早上新世(4Ma)。每一个巨层序界面(MB)之上都有与之对应的巨层序(MS),从老到新依次为MS1—MS4。盆地晚始新世—渐新世以湖泊-三角洲沉积体系为主;晚中新世时经历了非海相-海陆交互相-陆架沉积体系的过渡;中新世—早上新世为碳酸盐岩-浅海陆架-三角洲沉积体系;早上新世—第四纪为陆架-陆坡-深海沉积体系。
The Wan'an Basin is a strike-slip and pull-apart basin formed by the tensile stress derived from the dextral strike-slip movement of the Wan'an fault on its east side.Main faults extend in NE、NEE and SN directions that formed a tectonic pattern of "three swells-four depressions"in the basin.The basin experienced a successive tectonic evolution of basement formation,initial rifting,rifting development(first phase of rifting),early postrifting(second phase of rifting)、tectonic inversion and postrifting(regional subsidence).Based on the relationship of two-way travel time vs.depth between stacking velocities from the seismic data and drilling data from wells,four megasequence boundaries were identified: MB1,the top of the acoustic Pre-Tertiary basement;MB2,the top of the Oligocene(24Ma);MB3,the Late Miocene(8Ma);MB4,the Early Pliocene(4Ma).Above each megasequence boundary(MB),there is a megasequence(MS).They are referred to as MS1 to MS4 from the oldest to youngest,corresponding to a lacustrine-deltaic depositional system of Late Eocene-Oligocene;a transitional system of non-marine-littoral-shelf in Late Miocene;a system of carbonate-shallow water shelf and deltaic system of Miocene-Early Pliocene and a shelf-slope-deep marine system of Early Pliocene-Quaternary,respectively.
The Wan'an Basin is a strike-slip and pull-apart basin formed by the tensile stress derived from the dextral strike-slip movement of the Wan'an fault on its east side.Main faults extend in NE、NEE and SN directions that formed a tectonic pattern of "three swells-four depressions"in the basin.The basin experienced a successive tectonic evolution of basement formation,initial rifting,rifting development(first phase of rifting),early postrifting(second phase of rifting)、tectonic inversion and postrifting(regional subsidence).Based on the relationship of two-way travel time vs.depth between stacking velocities from the seismic data and drilling data from wells,four megasequence boundaries were identified: MB1,the top of the acoustic Pre-Tertiary basement;MB2,the top of the Oligocene(24Ma);MB3,the Late Miocene(8Ma);MB4,the Early Pliocene(4Ma).Above each megasequence boundary(MB),there is a megasequence(MS).They are referred to as MS1 to MS4 from the oldest to youngest,corresponding to a lacustrine-deltaic depositional system of Late Eocene-Oligocene;a transitional system of non-marine-littoral-shelf in Late Miocene;a system of carbonate-shallow water shelf and deltaic system of Miocene-Early Pliocene and a shelf-slope-deep marine system of Early Pliocene-Quaternary,respectively.
引文
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[19]邱燕.万安盆地正反转构造初识[J].海洋地质,1996(3-4):1-13.[QIU Yan.Make a first acquaintance of positive-rever-sal structure of the Wan’an Basin[J].Marine Geology,1996(3-4):1-13.]
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[22]刘宝明,夏斌,李绪宣,等.红河断裂带东南的延伸及其构造演化意义[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(10):914-924.[LIU Baoming,XIA Bin,LI Xuxuan et al.Southeast-ward extension and its significance for tectonic evolution ofRed River faults belt[J].Science in China Ser.D:Earth Sci-ences,2006,36(10):914-924.]
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[2]梁金强,杨木壮,张光学,等.南海万安盆地中部油气成藏特征[J].南海地质研究,2003:27-34.[LIANG Jinqiang,YANGMuzhuang,ZHANG Guangxue,et al.The characteristics ofhydrocarbon reservoir in the middle of the Wan’an Basin,South China Sea[J].Geological Research of South China Sea,2003:27-34.]
[3]姚伯初,郭连生,张光学,等.南沙海域万安盆地油气普查与评价[R].广州海洋地质调查局,1997.[YAO Bochu,GUO Lian-sheng,ZHANG Guangxue,et al.Hydrocarbon screening andevaluation of the Wan’an Basin,Nansha waters[R].Guang-zhou Marine Geological Survey,1997.]
[4]陈玲,彭学超.南沙海域万安盆地地震地层初步分析[J].石油物探,1995,34(2):57-70.[CHEN Ling,PENG Xuechao.Pre-liminary study of seismic stratigraphy of the Wan’an Basin,Nansha waters[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1995,34(2):57-70.]
[5]匡立春,吴进民,杨木壮.万安盆地新生代地层划分及含油气性[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1998,18(4):59-68.[KUANG Lichun,WU Jinmin,YANG Muzhuang.Strati-graphic division and petroliferous property of Cenozoic era inthe Wan’an Basin[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geolo-gy,1998,18(4):59-68.]
[6]钟广见,高红芳.中建南盆地新生代层序地层特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2005,29(3):403-409.[ZHONG Guangjian,GAOHongfang.The characteristics of Cenozoic sequence stratigra-phy of the Zhongjiannan Basin,South China Sea[J].Geotecton-ica et Metallogenia,2005,29(3):403-409.]
[7]王嘹亮,钟广见,吴进民.南沙海域万安盆地层序地层分析[J].南海地质研究,1997:67-77.[WANG Liaoliang,ZHONGGuangjian,WU Jinmin.Sequence stratigraphy analyses of theWan’an Basin,Nansha waters[J].Geological Research ofSouth China Sea,1997:67-77.]
[8]邱燕.南海西南部主要盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层学解释[J].南海地质研究,1996:62-74.[QIU Yan.Sequence stratigraphicinterpretation for carbonates of main basins in the southwest ofSouth China Sea[J].Geological Research of South China Sea,1996:62-74.]
[9]梁金强,白志琳.层序地层学在万安盆地油气勘探中的初步应用[J].南海地质研究,1994:135-144.[LIANG Jinqiang,BAIZhilin.A preliminary application of sequence stratigraphy onhydrocarbon exploration in the Wan’an Basin[J].GeologicalResearch of South China Sea,1994:135-144.]
[10]邱燕,吴进民.南沙海域万安盆地地震相解释与沉积相分析[J].南海地质研究,1995:30-41.[QIU Yan,WU Jinmin.Seismic facies interpretation and sedimentary facies analysis ofthe Wan’an Basin,Nansha waters[J].Geological Research ofSouth China Sea,1995:30-41.]
[11]王鸿祯,史晓颖,王训练,等.中国层序地层学研究[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2000.[WANG Hongzhen,SHI Xiaoy-ing,WANG Xunlian,et al.Chinese Sequence StratigraphyResearch[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science&Technolo-gy Press,2000.]
[12]王嘹亮,邱燕,吴进民,等.南沙海域万安盆地新生代沉积特征研究[R].广州海洋地质调查局,1998.[WANG Liaoliang,QIU Yan,WU Jinmin,et al.Research on Cenozoic sedimenta-ry characteristics of the Wan’an Basin,Nansha waters[R].Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,1998.]
[13]王嘹亮,吴进民,钟广见.南沙海域西南部新生代古地理演化[J].南海地质研究,1996:48-61.[WANG Liaoliang,WUJinmin,ZHONG Guangjian.Cenozoic paleogeographic evolu-tion in the southwest of Nansha waters[J].Geological Re-search of South China Sea,1996:48-61.]
[14]邱燕,王英民.南海第三纪生物礁分布与古构造和古环境[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(1):65-73.[QIUYan,WANG Yingmin.The distribution of Tertiary reefs andpaleostructure and paleoenvironment in South China Sea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2001,21(1):65-73.]
[15]张光学,白志琳.南海西南部万安盆地构造样式特征、成因及找油意义[J].石油实验地质,1998,20(3):210-216.[ZHANG Guangxue,BAI Zhilin.The characteristics ofstructural styles and their causes and significance for oil ex-ploration of the Wan’an Basin in the southwest of South Chi-na Sea[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1998,20(3):210-216.]
[16]姚伯初,邱燕,吴能友,等.南海西部海域地质构造特征和新生代沉积[M].地质出版社,1999.[YAO Bochu,QIU Yan,WU Nengyou,et al.The Characteristics of Geological Struc-ture and Cenozoic Sedimentation in the Western Waters ofSouth China Sea[M].Geology Press,1999.]
[17]姚伯初,万玲,刘振湖,等.南海南部海域新生代万安运动的构造意义及其油气资源效应[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(1):69-77.[YAO Bochu,WAN Ling,LIU Zhenhu,et al.Tectonic significance and its hydrocarbon resourceeffect of the Cenozoic wan’an movement in the southern wa-ters of South China Sea[J].Marine Geology and QuaternaryGeology,2004,24(1):69-77.]
[18]姚伯初.南沙群岛万安盆地构造演化史再探讨[J].热带海洋,1997,16(3):15-22.[YAO Bochu.Further discussion ontectonic evolution history of the Wan’an Basin,NanshaIslands[J].Tropic Oceanology,1997,16(3):15-22.]
[19]邱燕.万安盆地正反转构造初识[J].海洋地质,1996(3-4):1-13.[QIU Yan.Make a first acquaintance of positive-rever-sal structure of the Wan’an Basin[J].Marine Geology,1996(3-4):1-13.]
[20]杨木壮,吴进民.南海南部新生代构造应力场特征与构造演化[J].热带海洋,1996,15(2):45-52.[YANG Muzhuang,WU Jinmin.The characteristics of Cenozoic tectonic stressfield and tectonic evolution in the south of South China Sea[J].Tropic Oceanology,1996,15(2):45-52.]
[21]杨木壮,王明君,梁金强,等.南海万安盆地构造沉降及其油气成藏控制作用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(2):85-88.[YANG Muzhuang,WANG Mingjun,LIANG Jin-qiang,et al.Tectonic subsidence and its control over hydro-carbon reservoir forming in the Wan’an Basin,South ChinaSea[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2003,23(2):85-88.]
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