应用反演谱分解去除调谐效应的分频AVO技术
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摘要
传统的AVO分析是假设平面波入射到分开两个半空间的单界面,并没有考虑油藏厚度的影响。当地层为薄层时,调谐效应会使AVO的变化规律发生改变,影响储层的识别。谱分解能够将时间记录转换到不同频率,从而得到更多的储层信息。因此,可以利用谱分解进行分频AVO分析。在多种谱分解方法中,反演谱分解方法具有较高的时频分辨率,并且其直接得到的是反射系数谱,可去除子波的影响。依据这一特性,这里将反演谱分解方法用于去除调谐效应。根据实际薄层的物理参数和地质条件,设计不同厚度的薄层模型,正演得到合成地震道集;然后利用反演谱分解进行分频AVO分析。结果表明,该方法能够消除薄层调谐效应,同时还能避免陷频现象。
Traditional AVO analysis assumes that plane wave incident on a single interface which separates two half-space,without considering the impact of reservoir thickness.When the layer is thin,the tuning effect changes the variation of AVO,then effects has the influence of correct identification of the reservoir.Inverse spectral decomposition can convert time recording to different frequency,so we can get more reservoir information.In this paper,we apply inverse spectral decomposition to AVO analysis.In a variety of spectral decomposition methods,time resolution and frequency resolution of spectral inversion are higher than others,and its direct result is reflectance spectrum,removing the effect of wavelet.Based on this characteristic,the paper used it to remove the effect of tuning effect.According to the actual physical parameters and geological conditions of thin bed,we design different thin-ben models with different thickness,and get seismic angle gathers after forward modeling.Then use inverse spectral decomposition to AVO analysis,the results show that this method can eliminate the tuning effect,while avoiding the phenomenon of notch.
Traditional AVO analysis assumes that plane wave incident on a single interface which separates two half-space,without considering the impact of reservoir thickness.When the layer is thin,the tuning effect changes the variation of AVO,then effects has the influence of correct identification of the reservoir.Inverse spectral decomposition can convert time recording to different frequency,so we can get more reservoir information.In this paper,we apply inverse spectral decomposition to AVO analysis.In a variety of spectral decomposition methods,time resolution and frequency resolution of spectral inversion are higher than others,and its direct result is reflectance spectrum,removing the effect of wavelet.Based on this characteristic,the paper used it to remove the effect of tuning effect.According to the actual physical parameters and geological conditions of thin bed,we design different thin-ben models with different thickness,and get seismic angle gathers after forward modeling.Then use inverse spectral decomposition to AVO analysis,the results show that this method can eliminate the tuning effect,while avoiding the phenomenon of notch.
引文
[1]WIDESS M B.How thin is a thin bed[J].Geophys-ics,1973,38(6):1176.
[2]BROWN A.Interpretation of three-dimensionalseismic data.AAPG[M].1991.
[3]PARTYKA G,GRIDLEY J,LOPEZ J.Interpreta-tional applications of spectral decomposition in reser-voir characterization[J].The Leading Edge,1999(18):353.
[4]MARFURT K J,KIRLIN R L.Narrow-band spec-tral analysis and thin-bed tuning[J].Geophysics,2001(66):1274.
[5]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526.
[6]ZHANG X,ZHENG X D.Thin bed identificationbased on attribute difference between far and nearoffset within prestack data:A model study[C].SEGExpanded Abstracts,2007(26):293.
[7]BAKKE N E,URSIN B.Thin-bed AVO effects[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1998(46):571.
[8]LI F,CAO S,HAN D,et al.Phase scanning meth-od for detuning in thin bed[C].SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2009(28):346.
[9]赵伟,陈小宏,李景叶.薄互层调谐对AVO的影响[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):570.
[10]陈小宏,田立新,黄饶.地震分频AVO发展现状及展望[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(4):60.
[11]WILEY R W,WILSON P H,PETERS S W.Remo-ving the Thin Bed Effects from Spectral Decomposi-tion[C].69th EAGE Conference&Exhibition Lon-don,2007.
[12]CHAPMAN M,LIU E,LI X Y.The influence ofabnormally high reservoir attenuation on the AVOsignature[J].The Leading Edge,2005(24):1120.
[13]LIU E,CHAPMAN M,LOIZOU N,et al.Applica-tions of spectral decomposition for AVO analyses inthe west of Shetland[C].SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2006(25):279.
[14]ODEBEAT E,ZHANG J,CHAPMAN M,et al.Application of spectral decomposition to detection ofdispersion anomalies associated with gas saturation[J].The Leading Edge,2006(25):206.
[15]PORTNIAGUINE O,CASTAGNA J.Inverse spec-tral decomposition[C].SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2004(23):1786.
[16]PARTYKA G.Spectral decomposition[C].SEGSpring 2005Distinguished Lecture,2005.
[17]PURYEAR C I,CASTAGNA J P.An algorithm forcalculation of bed thickness and reflection coefficientsfrom amplitude spectrum[C]..SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2006(25):1767.
[18]PURYEAR C I,CASTAGNA J P.Layer-thicknessdetermination and atratigraphic intertation usingspectral inversion:Theory and application[J].Geo-physics,2008,73(2):R37.
[19]崔凤林,管叶君.时频分析—薄互层结构研究的新途径[J].石油物探,1992,31(2):1.
[20]SIMMONS J L,BACKUS M M.AVO modeling andthe locally converted shear wave[J].Geophysics,1994,59(3):1237.
[21]MARMALYEVSKYY N,ROGANOV Y.Frequencydepending AVO for a gas-saturated periodical thin-layered stack[J].The Leading Edge,2005,24(11):1120.
[22]FRED J,HILTERMAN.地震振幅解释[M].孙夕平,赵良武,张研,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[23]刘亚茹.薄互层正演模拟及特征分析[D].北京:中国石油大学,2007.
[24]陈守田,孟宪禄.薄互层储层预测方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):33.
[2]BROWN A.Interpretation of three-dimensionalseismic data.AAPG[M].1991.
[3]PARTYKA G,GRIDLEY J,LOPEZ J.Interpreta-tional applications of spectral decomposition in reser-voir characterization[J].The Leading Edge,1999(18):353.
[4]MARFURT K J,KIRLIN R L.Narrow-band spec-tral analysis and thin-bed tuning[J].Geophysics,2001(66):1274.
[5]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526.
[6]ZHANG X,ZHENG X D.Thin bed identificationbased on attribute difference between far and nearoffset within prestack data:A model study[C].SEGExpanded Abstracts,2007(26):293.
[7]BAKKE N E,URSIN B.Thin-bed AVO effects[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1998(46):571.
[8]LI F,CAO S,HAN D,et al.Phase scanning meth-od for detuning in thin bed[C].SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2009(28):346.
[9]赵伟,陈小宏,李景叶.薄互层调谐对AVO的影响[J].石油物探,2006,45(6):570.
[10]陈小宏,田立新,黄饶.地震分频AVO发展现状及展望[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(4):60.
[11]WILEY R W,WILSON P H,PETERS S W.Remo-ving the Thin Bed Effects from Spectral Decomposi-tion[C].69th EAGE Conference&Exhibition Lon-don,2007.
[12]CHAPMAN M,LIU E,LI X Y.The influence ofabnormally high reservoir attenuation on the AVOsignature[J].The Leading Edge,2005(24):1120.
[13]LIU E,CHAPMAN M,LOIZOU N,et al.Applica-tions of spectral decomposition for AVO analyses inthe west of Shetland[C].SEG Technical ProgramExpanded Abstracts,2006(25):279.
[14]ODEBEAT E,ZHANG J,CHAPMAN M,et al.Application of spectral decomposition to detection ofdispersion anomalies associated with gas saturation[J].The Leading Edge,2006(25):206.
[15]PORTNIAGUINE O,CASTAGNA J.Inverse spec-tral decomposition[C].SEG Technical Program Ex-panded Abstracts,2004(23):1786.
[16]PARTYKA G.Spectral decomposition[C].SEGSpring 2005Distinguished Lecture,2005.
[17]PURYEAR C I,CASTAGNA J P.An algorithm forcalculation of bed thickness and reflection coefficientsfrom amplitude spectrum[C]..SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2006(25):1767.
[18]PURYEAR C I,CASTAGNA J P.Layer-thicknessdetermination and atratigraphic intertation usingspectral inversion:Theory and application[J].Geo-physics,2008,73(2):R37.
[19]崔凤林,管叶君.时频分析—薄互层结构研究的新途径[J].石油物探,1992,31(2):1.
[20]SIMMONS J L,BACKUS M M.AVO modeling andthe locally converted shear wave[J].Geophysics,1994,59(3):1237.
[21]MARMALYEVSKYY N,ROGANOV Y.Frequencydepending AVO for a gas-saturated periodical thin-layered stack[J].The Leading Edge,2005,24(11):1120.
[22]FRED J,HILTERMAN.地震振幅解释[M].孙夕平,赵良武,张研,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[23]刘亚茹.薄互层正演模拟及特征分析[D].北京:中国石油大学,2007.
[24]陈守田,孟宪禄.薄互层储层预测方法[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):33.
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