地壳介质剪切波分裂研究的部分进展
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摘要
剪切波穿过各向异性介质传播时会发生分裂现象,而在地壳中产生各向异性的主要因素是大量充满液体的定向排列的微裂隙。通过剪切波分裂参数可以研究地壳介质的特性、地壳应力状态及应力场的变化,并可用于地震预测。利用地壳介质各向异性特征研究断层性质也是一个新的动向。
Seismic shear waves split when traveling through anisotropic media,and the anisotropy in the crust is mainly the result of stress-aligned fluid-saturated grain-boundary cracks.Analysis of anisotropy-induced shear wave splitting is used for studying the feature of crustal media,the condition and variation of crustal stress,and earthquake forecast as well.It is also a new attempt to study the nature of faults by means of analysis of anisotropy in crust.
Seismic shear waves split when traveling through anisotropic media,and the anisotropy in the crust is mainly the result of stress-aligned fluid-saturated grain-boundary cracks.Analysis of anisotropy-induced shear wave splitting is used for studying the feature of crustal media,the condition and variation of crustal stress,and earthquake forecast as well.It is also a new attempt to study the nature of faults by means of analysis of anisotropy in crust.
引文
[1]Hess H H.Seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle[J].Nature,1964,203:629-631.
[2]张中杰.地震各向异性研究进展.地球物理学进展[J].2002,17(2):281-293.
[3]Crampin S.Seismic-wave propagation through a cracked solid polarization as a possible dilatancy di-agnostic[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1978,53:467-496.
[4]Crampin S.A review of wave motion in anisotropic and cracked elastic-media[J].Wave Motion,1981,3:343-391.
[5]滕吉文,张中杰,王光杰,等.地球内部各圈层介质的地震各向异性与地球动力学[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(1):1-34.
[6]Crampin S,Booth D C.Shear-wave polarization near the North Anatolian Fault,Ⅱ.Interpretationin terms of crack-induced anisotropy[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1985,83:75-92.
[7]Crampin S,Atkinson B K.Microcracks in the earth′s crust[J].First Break,1985,3(3):16-20.
[8]牛滨华,孙春岩.半空间介质与地震波传播[M].石油工业出版社.2002,242-249.
[9]Crampin S.The new geophysics:Shear-wave splitting provides a window into the crack,criticalrock mass[J].Leading Edge,2003,22:536-549.
[10]Crampin S.A review of the effects of anisotropic layering on the propagation of seismic waves[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1977,49:9-27.
[11]Tsvankin,I D,E M Chesnokov.Synthesis of body wave seismograms from point sources in anisot-ropy media[J].J Geophys Res,1990,95(B7):11 317-11 332.
[12]Ando M,Ishikawa Y,Yamazaki F.Shear wave polarization anisotropy in the upper mantle beneathHonshu,Japan[J].J Geophys Res,1983,88:5 850-5 864.
[13]Shih X R,Meyer R P,Schneider J F.An automated,analytical method to determine shear-wavesplitting[J].Tectonophysics,1989,165:271-278.
[14]郑治真.S波分裂的研究[J].地球物理学进展,1990,5(1):8-13.
[15]高原,郑斯华.唐山地区剪切波分裂研究(Ⅱ)——相关函数分析法[J].中国地震,1994,10(增刊):11-21.
[16]高原,刘希强,梁维,等.剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM)软件系统[J].中国地震,2004,20(1):101-107.
[17]李白基,秦嘉政,钱晓东.1995年武定6.5级地震余震的剪切波分裂[J].地震研究,2002,25(2):108-114.
[18]Crampin S,Gao,Y.eview of techniques for measuring shear-wave Splitting above small earthquake[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2006,159:1-14.
[19]Gao Y,Hao P,Crampin S.SWAS:A shear-wave analysis system for semi-automatic measurementof shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2006,159:71-89.
[20]Hao P,Gao Y,Crampin S.An expert system for measuring shear-wave splitting above small earth-quakes[J].Computer&Geosciences,2007,accepted.
[21]Crampin S.Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1984,76:135-145.
[22]Crampin S,Evans R.Analysis of records of local earthquakes:The Turkish dilatancy projects(TDP1&TDP2)[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1985,83:1-16.
[23]Evans R,Beamish D,Crampin S,et al.The Turkish Dilatancy Project(TDP3):Multidisciplinarystudies of a potential earthquake source region[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1987,91:265-286.
[24]高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性[J].地震学报,1995,17(3):283-293.
[25]高原,郑斯华,周慧兰.唐山地区快剪切波偏振图象及其变化[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(2):228-232.
[26]雷军,王培德,姚陈,等.云南剑川近场横波特征及其与构造的关系[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(6):792-801.
[27]赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉,等.新疆伽师强震群区的横波分裂与应力场特征[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(1):83-92.
[28]姚陈,王培德,陈运泰.卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各项异性[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(3):305-315.
[29]孙勇,郑斯华.唐山地区剪切波分裂研究[J].中国地震,1993,9(1):60-67.
[30]高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性[J].地震学报,1995,17(3):283-293.
[31]姚陈,王培德,陆玉美,等.对大同地区横波分裂的研究[J].华北地震科学,1992,10(3):12-26.
[32]王培德,K Klinge,F Kruger,等.波形极相似的地震丛集中剪切波分裂的变化[J].地震学报,2000,22(5):501-508.
[33]吴晶,高原,陈运泰,等.首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):209-220.
[34]王椿镛,丁志峰,陈学波,等.大别造山带地壳S波分裂和介质各向异性[J].科学通报,1997,42(23):2 539-2 542.
[35]Zhang Z,Li Y,Lu D,et al.Velocity and anisotropu structure of the crust in the Dabieshan organicbelt from wide-angle seismic data[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2000,122:115-131.
[36]曲延军,赵翠萍,赵建政,等.乌鲁木齐及附近地区剪切波分裂特征研究[J].内陆地震,2004,18(3):212-220.
[37]李清河,刘希强,张范民,等.肃南5.7级地震过程剪切波分裂特征[J].地震,1996,16(4):417-426.
[38]李白基.云南禄劝地震余震分裂剪切波的变化[J].地震学报,1996,18(2):224-230.
[39]钱晓东,李白基,秦嘉政.2000年云南姚安MS6.5地震余震序列S波分裂研究[J].中国地震,2002,18(2):157-165.
[40]高原,梁维,丁香,等.云南2001年施甸地震的剪切波分裂参数变化特征[J].地震学报,2004,26(6):576-582.
[41]石玉涛,高原,吴晶,等.云南地区地壳介质各向异性-快剪切波偏振特性的初步研究[J].地震学报,2006,28(6):574-585.
[42]陈天长.震后横波偏振的时间变化[A].陈运泰等主编.中国固体地球物理学进展[C].北京:海洋出版社,1994,352-357.
[43]高原,郑斯华,王培德.海南省东方地区1992年小震群剪切波分裂研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(2):221-232.
[44]吴晶,高原,蔡晋安,等.华夏地块东南部的地壳地震各向异性特征初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1 748-1 756.
[45]Crampin S,Gao Y,Chastin S,et al.Speculations on earthquake forecasting[J].Seism Res Lett,2003,74(3):271-273.
[46]Crampin S,Volti T,Chastin S,et al.Indication of high pore-fluid pressures in a seismically-activefault zone[J].Geophys J Int,2002,151:F1-F5.
[47]Peng Z,Ben-Zion Y.Systematic analysis of crustal anisotropy along the Karadere-Düzce branch ofthe North Anatolian fault[J].Geophys J Int,2004,159:253-274.
[48]Mizuno T,Ito H,Kuwahara Y,et al.Spatial variation of shear-wave splitting across an active faultand its implication for stress accumulation mechanism of inland earthquakes:The Atosugawa faultcase[J].Geophys.Res Lett,2005,32:L20305,doi:10.1029/2005GL023875.
[49]Gao Y,Crampin S.Observations of stress relaxation before earthquakes[J].Geophys J Int,2004,157(2):578-582.
[50]Bianco F,Scarfi L,Del Pezzo E,et al.Shear wave splitting changes associated with the 2001 vol-canic eruption on Mt Etna[J].Geophys J Int,2006,167:959-967.
[51]Peng Z,Ben-Zion Y.Spatiotemporal variations of crustal anisotropy from similar events in after-shocks of the 1999M7.4ìzmit andM7.1 Düzce,Turkey,earthquake sequences[J].Geophys J Int,2005,160:1 027-1 043.
[52]Tang C,Rial J A,Lees J M.Shear-wave splitting:A diagnostic tool to monitor fluid pressure in ge-othermal fields[J].Geophys.Res Lett,2005,32:L21317,doi:10.1029/2005GL023551.
[53]Montagner J P,Anderson D L.Petrological constraints on seismic anisotropy[J].Phys.Earth&Plan Int,1989,54:82-105.
[54]Crampin S.Stress-forecasting earthquakes[J].Seism Res Lett,1999,70:291-293.
[2]张中杰.地震各向异性研究进展.地球物理学进展[J].2002,17(2):281-293.
[3]Crampin S.Seismic-wave propagation through a cracked solid polarization as a possible dilatancy di-agnostic[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1978,53:467-496.
[4]Crampin S.A review of wave motion in anisotropic and cracked elastic-media[J].Wave Motion,1981,3:343-391.
[5]滕吉文,张中杰,王光杰,等.地球内部各圈层介质的地震各向异性与地球动力学[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(1):1-34.
[6]Crampin S,Booth D C.Shear-wave polarization near the North Anatolian Fault,Ⅱ.Interpretationin terms of crack-induced anisotropy[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1985,83:75-92.
[7]Crampin S,Atkinson B K.Microcracks in the earth′s crust[J].First Break,1985,3(3):16-20.
[8]牛滨华,孙春岩.半空间介质与地震波传播[M].石油工业出版社.2002,242-249.
[9]Crampin S.The new geophysics:Shear-wave splitting provides a window into the crack,criticalrock mass[J].Leading Edge,2003,22:536-549.
[10]Crampin S.A review of the effects of anisotropic layering on the propagation of seismic waves[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1977,49:9-27.
[11]Tsvankin,I D,E M Chesnokov.Synthesis of body wave seismograms from point sources in anisot-ropy media[J].J Geophys Res,1990,95(B7):11 317-11 332.
[12]Ando M,Ishikawa Y,Yamazaki F.Shear wave polarization anisotropy in the upper mantle beneathHonshu,Japan[J].J Geophys Res,1983,88:5 850-5 864.
[13]Shih X R,Meyer R P,Schneider J F.An automated,analytical method to determine shear-wavesplitting[J].Tectonophysics,1989,165:271-278.
[14]郑治真.S波分裂的研究[J].地球物理学进展,1990,5(1):8-13.
[15]高原,郑斯华.唐山地区剪切波分裂研究(Ⅱ)——相关函数分析法[J].中国地震,1994,10(增刊):11-21.
[16]高原,刘希强,梁维,等.剪切波分裂系统分析方法(SAM)软件系统[J].中国地震,2004,20(1):101-107.
[17]李白基,秦嘉政,钱晓东.1995年武定6.5级地震余震的剪切波分裂[J].地震研究,2002,25(2):108-114.
[18]Crampin S,Gao,Y.eview of techniques for measuring shear-wave Splitting above small earthquake[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2006,159:1-14.
[19]Gao Y,Hao P,Crampin S.SWAS:A shear-wave analysis system for semi-automatic measurementof shear-wave splitting above small earthquakes[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2006,159:71-89.
[20]Hao P,Gao Y,Crampin S.An expert system for measuring shear-wave splitting above small earth-quakes[J].Computer&Geosciences,2007,accepted.
[21]Crampin S.Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1984,76:135-145.
[22]Crampin S,Evans R.Analysis of records of local earthquakes:The Turkish dilatancy projects(TDP1&TDP2)[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1985,83:1-16.
[23]Evans R,Beamish D,Crampin S,et al.The Turkish Dilatancy Project(TDP3):Multidisciplinarystudies of a potential earthquake source region[J].Geophys J R Astron Soc,1987,91:265-286.
[24]高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性[J].地震学报,1995,17(3):283-293.
[25]高原,郑斯华,周慧兰.唐山地区快剪切波偏振图象及其变化[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(2):228-232.
[26]雷军,王培德,姚陈,等.云南剑川近场横波特征及其与构造的关系[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(6):792-801.
[27]赖院根,刘启元,陈九辉,等.新疆伽师强震群区的横波分裂与应力场特征[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(1):83-92.
[28]姚陈,王培德,陈运泰.卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各项异性[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(3):305-315.
[29]孙勇,郑斯华.唐山地区剪切波分裂研究[J].中国地震,1993,9(1):60-67.
[30]高原,郑斯华,孙勇.唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性[J].地震学报,1995,17(3):283-293.
[31]姚陈,王培德,陆玉美,等.对大同地区横波分裂的研究[J].华北地震科学,1992,10(3):12-26.
[32]王培德,K Klinge,F Kruger,等.波形极相似的地震丛集中剪切波分裂的变化[J].地震学报,2000,22(5):501-508.
[33]吴晶,高原,陈运泰,等.首都圈西北部地区地壳介质地震各向异性特征初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):209-220.
[34]王椿镛,丁志峰,陈学波,等.大别造山带地壳S波分裂和介质各向异性[J].科学通报,1997,42(23):2 539-2 542.
[35]Zhang Z,Li Y,Lu D,et al.Velocity and anisotropu structure of the crust in the Dabieshan organicbelt from wide-angle seismic data[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,2000,122:115-131.
[36]曲延军,赵翠萍,赵建政,等.乌鲁木齐及附近地区剪切波分裂特征研究[J].内陆地震,2004,18(3):212-220.
[37]李清河,刘希强,张范民,等.肃南5.7级地震过程剪切波分裂特征[J].地震,1996,16(4):417-426.
[38]李白基.云南禄劝地震余震分裂剪切波的变化[J].地震学报,1996,18(2):224-230.
[39]钱晓东,李白基,秦嘉政.2000年云南姚安MS6.5地震余震序列S波分裂研究[J].中国地震,2002,18(2):157-165.
[40]高原,梁维,丁香,等.云南2001年施甸地震的剪切波分裂参数变化特征[J].地震学报,2004,26(6):576-582.
[41]石玉涛,高原,吴晶,等.云南地区地壳介质各向异性-快剪切波偏振特性的初步研究[J].地震学报,2006,28(6):574-585.
[42]陈天长.震后横波偏振的时间变化[A].陈运泰等主编.中国固体地球物理学进展[C].北京:海洋出版社,1994,352-357.
[43]高原,郑斯华,王培德.海南省东方地区1992年小震群剪切波分裂研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(2):221-232.
[44]吴晶,高原,蔡晋安,等.华夏地块东南部的地壳地震各向异性特征初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1 748-1 756.
[45]Crampin S,Gao Y,Chastin S,et al.Speculations on earthquake forecasting[J].Seism Res Lett,2003,74(3):271-273.
[46]Crampin S,Volti T,Chastin S,et al.Indication of high pore-fluid pressures in a seismically-activefault zone[J].Geophys J Int,2002,151:F1-F5.
[47]Peng Z,Ben-Zion Y.Systematic analysis of crustal anisotropy along the Karadere-Düzce branch ofthe North Anatolian fault[J].Geophys J Int,2004,159:253-274.
[48]Mizuno T,Ito H,Kuwahara Y,et al.Spatial variation of shear-wave splitting across an active faultand its implication for stress accumulation mechanism of inland earthquakes:The Atosugawa faultcase[J].Geophys.Res Lett,2005,32:L20305,doi:10.1029/2005GL023875.
[49]Gao Y,Crampin S.Observations of stress relaxation before earthquakes[J].Geophys J Int,2004,157(2):578-582.
[50]Bianco F,Scarfi L,Del Pezzo E,et al.Shear wave splitting changes associated with the 2001 vol-canic eruption on Mt Etna[J].Geophys J Int,2006,167:959-967.
[51]Peng Z,Ben-Zion Y.Spatiotemporal variations of crustal anisotropy from similar events in after-shocks of the 1999M7.4ìzmit andM7.1 Düzce,Turkey,earthquake sequences[J].Geophys J Int,2005,160:1 027-1 043.
[52]Tang C,Rial J A,Lees J M.Shear-wave splitting:A diagnostic tool to monitor fluid pressure in ge-othermal fields[J].Geophys.Res Lett,2005,32:L21317,doi:10.1029/2005GL023551.
[53]Montagner J P,Anderson D L.Petrological constraints on seismic anisotropy[J].Phys.Earth&Plan Int,1989,54:82-105.
[54]Crampin S.Stress-forecasting earthquakes[J].Seism Res Lett,1999,70:291-293.
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