塔北哈6区块奥陶系油藏地质与成藏特征
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摘要
近年来,塔里木盆地北部地区通过在隆起的围斜部位和斜坡区域开展三维地震和综合研究以及钻探工作,获得重大发现。通过采样分析以及对哈6区块构造演化、地层发育特征及碳酸盐岩油藏的石油地质条件的深入研究,认为围斜区域奥陶系裂缝—孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层发育,与上覆志留系和奥陶系吐木休克组泥岩组形成储盖组合,具有良好的油气成藏条件。通过油源对比、区域构造演化、生烃史及储层流体包裹体等分析,认为哈6区块奥陶系原油来自中—上奥陶统烃源岩,在晚海西期充注成藏;燕山期以来,油藏进入调整和保存阶段。哈6区块储盖组合配置良好、优势通道和充足的油气在时空耦合关系良好,奥陶系具广阔的勘探前景。该区目前处于油气发现的初期阶段,相关地质认识较为浅显,对目前的认识进行梳理,有利于各项研究工作的进一步深化。
In recent years, significant discoveries have been made in the northern part of Tarim Basin thanks to 3D seismic survey, integrated study and drilling of the pericline position and slope area of the uplift. Based on the analysis of samples and in-depth study of structural development in Ha 6 Block, characteristics of stratum development, and petroleum geological conditions of carbonate rock reservoirs, it is assumed that the Ordovician fracture-porous carbonate rock reservoirs developed in the pericline area, forming the reservoir-cap assemblage with overlying Tumuxiuke mudstone formation of Silurian System and Ordovician System and thus providing the desirable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations. Based on comparison of oil sources and analysis of regional structural development, hydrocarbon sourcing history and fluid inclusions in the reservoir, it is assumed that crude oil of Ordovician System in Ha 6 Block came from source rock of Middle-Upper Ordovician Series and was infilled and accumulated in the Late Hercynian period. The oil reservoirs came into adjustment and preservation stage after the Yanshanian period. The reservoir-cap rock assemblage is well matched in Ha 6 Block and the relations of time and space are well coupled, providing favorable passages and adequate oil and gas. Ordovician System has a very promising prospect for exploration. This block is currently under a preliminary stage of oil and gas discovery with limited related geological knowledge. The combing of the current knowledge is helpful to further study of this area.
In recent years, significant discoveries have been made in the northern part of Tarim Basin thanks to 3D seismic survey, integrated study and drilling of the pericline position and slope area of the uplift. Based on the analysis of samples and in-depth study of structural development in Ha 6 Block, characteristics of stratum development, and petroleum geological conditions of carbonate rock reservoirs, it is assumed that the Ordovician fracture-porous carbonate rock reservoirs developed in the pericline area, forming the reservoir-cap assemblage with overlying Tumuxiuke mudstone formation of Silurian System and Ordovician System and thus providing the desirable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations. Based on comparison of oil sources and analysis of regional structural development, hydrocarbon sourcing history and fluid inclusions in the reservoir, it is assumed that crude oil of Ordovician System in Ha 6 Block came from source rock of Middle-Upper Ordovician Series and was infilled and accumulated in the Late Hercynian period. The oil reservoirs came into adjustment and preservation stage after the Yanshanian period. The reservoir-cap rock assemblage is well matched in Ha 6 Block and the relations of time and space are well coupled, providing favorable passages and adequate oil and gas. Ordovician System has a very promising prospect for exploration. This block is currently under a preliminary stage of oil and gas discovery with limited related geological knowledge. The combing of the current knowledge is helpful to further study of this area.
引文
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[23]韩剑发,王招明,潘文庆,等.轮南古隆起控油理论及其潜山准层状油气藏勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):448～453.
[24]杨海军,韩剑发.塔里木盆地轮南复式油气聚集区成藏特点与主控因素[J].中国科学D辑,2007,37(增刊):53～62.
[25]辛艳朋,邱楠生,秦建中,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系烃源岩二次生烃研究[J].地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(3):261～267.
[26]马晓娟,张忠民,陈占坤.塔河南部志留系柯坪塔格组层序地层及沉积相[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(3):35～40.
[2]张水昌,梁狄刚,朱光有,等.中国海相油气形成的地质基础[J].科学通报,2007,52(增Ⅰ):19～31.
[3]腾格尔.中国海相烃源岩研究进展及面临的挑战[J].天然气工业,2011,31(1):20～25.
[4]赵雪凤,朱光有,刘钦甫,等.深部海相碳酸盐岩储层孔隙发育主控因素研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,8(4):514～521.
[5]马永生.四川盆地普光超大型气田的形成机制[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):9～14.
[6]张水昌,朱光有,梁英波.四川盆地普光大型气田H2S及优质储层形成机理探讨[J].地质论评,2006,52(2):230～235.
[7]金之钧,蔡立国.中国海相层系油气地质理论的继承与创新[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1017～1024.
[8]冉隆辉,谢姚祥,王兰生.从四川盆地解读中国南方海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(3):289～294.
[9]何君,韩剑发,潘文庆.轮南古隆起奥陶系潜山油气成藏机理[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):44～48.
[10]张斌,崔洁,朱光有,等.塔北西部复式油气区原油成因与成藏意义[J].石油学报,2010,31(1):55～67.
[11]张丽娟,马青,范秋海,等.塔里木盆地哈6区块奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层特征识别及地质建模[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(2):1～7.
[12]苏劲,张水昌,杨海军,等.断裂系统控制碳酸盐岩有效储层形成与成藏规律研究[J].石油学报,2010,31(3):197～203.
[13]Zh an g S,H an son A D,M oldowan J M,et a l.Paleozoic oil-source rock correlations in the Tarim Basin,NW China.Organic Geochemistry,2000,31:273～286.
[14]Hanson A D,Zhang S C,Moldowan J M,et al.Molecular organic geochemistry of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China.AAPG Bulletin,2000,(84):1109～1128.
[15]Zhang S C,Liang D G,Li M W,et al.Molecular fossils and oil-source rock correlations in the Tarim Basin,NW China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2002a,47(Supp):20～27.
[16]Zhang S C,Moldowan J M,Li M W,et al.The abnormal distribution of the molecular fossils in the pre-Cambrian and Cambrian:its biological significance.Science in China,2002b,45(3),193～200.
[17]周新源,王招明,杨海军,等.塔中奥陶系大型凝析气田的勘探和发现[J].海相油气地质,200611(1):45～51.
[18]严威,王兴志,丁勇,等.塔河南部奥陶系海西早期岩溶的发现[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(3):53～60.
[19]康玉柱.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系古岩溶特征与油气分布[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(5):472～480.
[20]卢玉红,肖中尧,顾乔元,等.塔里木盆地环哈拉哈塘海相油气地球化学特征与成藏[J].中国科学D辑,2007,37(增刊Ⅱ):167～176.
[21]王招明.塔里木盆地油气勘探与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版,2004.
[22]张水昌,梁狄刚,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地海相油气生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.
[23]韩剑发,王招明,潘文庆,等.轮南古隆起控油理论及其潜山准层状油气藏勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):448～453.
[24]杨海军,韩剑发.塔里木盆地轮南复式油气聚集区成藏特点与主控因素[J].中国科学D辑,2007,37(增刊):53～62.
[25]辛艳朋,邱楠生,秦建中,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系烃源岩二次生烃研究[J].地球科学与环境学报,2011,33(3):261～267.
[26]马晓娟,张忠民,陈占坤.塔河南部志留系柯坪塔格组层序地层及沉积相[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(3):35～40.
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