汶川地震诱发滑坡与地震动峰值加速度对应关系研究
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摘要
利用汶川地震获得的地震动记录及峰值加速度数据和收集整理的近3000个崩滑点数据,对汶川地震诱发滑坡与地震动峰值加速度之间的对应关系进行研究,得到如下认识:(1)地震动峰值加速度与地震诱发崩滑之间存在非常明显的正相关性,随峰值加速度增加,地震滑坡灾害也逐渐严重。(2)在龙门山震区存在0.2g的峰值加速度分界线,大于此值时,地震滑坡灾害比较严重。(3)整个区域峰值加速度的下限为0.05～0.07g,小于此值时,诱发滑坡的可能性很小。(4)不同地质区域对应斜坡临界加速度有所不同,一般在0.05～0.15g之间变化,平均为0.1g,说明震区斜坡承受地震的水平较差;峰值加速度超过局部场地斜坡临界加速度后,诱发滑坡的可能性增加。得到的峰值加速度研究结果与其他研究结果较为一致,表明利用地震动参数研究地震滑坡具有很好的一致性。依据峰值加速度与地震滑坡的对应关系,可以对震后滑坡灾害作快速评估,也可以将其应用到地震滑坡灾害预测/区划工作中,与地震动峰值加速度区划形成很好的衔接。
Based on the data of strong motion records of the corresponding peak ground acceleration(PGA) and data collected from almost 3 000 landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake,the studies of earthquake-induced landslide and PGA are carried out and some conclusions are obtained as following:(1) There is a positive correlation between PGA and earthquake-induced landslides,and the higher the PGA is,the more serious the earthquake-induced landslides hazards are. (2) A 0.2 g PGA boundary is shown in the regional scale analysis in Longmenshan area;and earthquake-induced landslides hazards are more serious in the locations where PGAs are greater than this value. (3) The lower limit of PGA which can trigger landslides is 0.05–0.07 g,and there is rarely opportunity to induce landslides when PGA is less than this threshold. (4) Different critical accelerations are presented in different strata with the variation ranging from 0.05 g to 0.15 g;and the average PGA is about 0.1 g, which shows the slopes' proneness to earthquake excitation in the disaster areas. When PGA exceeds the critical acceleration of the local site,the probability to trigger landslide will increase. Results achieved from this study are in accord with results of other researchers,which gives a good consistency when earthquake-induced landslide is measured by ground motion parameters. The relationship between PGA and earthquake-induced landslide can be used to evaluate earthquake-induced landslides hazards quickly. Moreover,it can be applied to the work of earthquake induced landslide forecasting or zonation,in which the achievement of PGA zonation can be adopted with the practical application.
Based on the data of strong motion records of the corresponding peak ground acceleration(PGA) and data collected from almost 3 000 landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake,the studies of earthquake-induced landslide and PGA are carried out and some conclusions are obtained as following:(1) There is a positive correlation between PGA and earthquake-induced landslides,and the higher the PGA is,the more serious the earthquake-induced landslides hazards are. (2) A 0.2 g PGA boundary is shown in the regional scale analysis in Longmenshan area;and earthquake-induced landslides hazards are more serious in the locations where PGAs are greater than this value. (3) The lower limit of PGA which can trigger landslides is 0.05–0.07 g,and there is rarely opportunity to induce landslides when PGA is less than this threshold. (4) Different critical accelerations are presented in different strata with the variation ranging from 0.05 g to 0.15 g;and the average PGA is about 0.1 g, which shows the slopes' proneness to earthquake excitation in the disaster areas. When PGA exceeds the critical acceleration of the local site,the probability to trigger landslide will increase. Results achieved from this study are in accord with results of other researchers,which gives a good consistency when earthquake-induced landslide is measured by ground motion parameters. The relationship between PGA and earthquake-induced landslide can be used to evaluate earthquake-induced landslides hazards quickly. Moreover,it can be applied to the work of earthquake induced landslide forecasting or zonation,in which the achievement of PGA zonation can be adopted with the practical application.
引文
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[9]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,2006.(HU Yuxian.Earthquake engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Earthquake Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[10]谢毓寿.新的中国地震烈度表[J].地球物理学报,1957,6(1):35–47.(XIE Yushou.New earthquake intensity in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1957,6(1):35–47.(in Chinese))
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[13]WILSON R C,KEEFER D K.Dynamic analysis of a slope failure from the6August1979Coyote Lake,California,earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1983,73(3):863–877.
[14]JIBSON R W.Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement[J].Engineering Geology,2007,91(2/4):209–218.
[15]王恭先,徐峻岭,刘光代,等.滑坡学与滑坡防治技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.(WANG Gongxian,XU Junling,LIU Guangdai,et al.Landslidology and landslide control technique[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2007.(in Chinese))
[16]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597–629.(XU Xiwei,WEN Xueze,YE Jianqing,et al.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):597–629.(in Chinese))
[17]LI X J,ZHOU Z H,YU H Y,et al.Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(3):235–246.
[18]于海英,王栋,杨永强,等.汶川MS8.0级地震强震动特征初步分析[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):321–336.(YU Haiying,WANG Dong,YANG Yongqiang,et al.The preliminary analysis of strong ground motion characteristics from the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2008,3(4):321–336.(in Chinese))
[19]国土资源部地质环境监测院.“5.12”汶川地震区地质灾害防治区划图[R].北京:国土资源部地质环境监测院,2008.(China Institute of Geoenvironment Monitoring of Ministry of Land and Resources.People′s Republic of China.Zonation of geohazards prevention of seismic region in“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake[R].Beijing:China Institute of Geoenvironment Monitoring of Ministry of Land and Resources,2008.(in Chinese))
[20]NEWMARK N M.Effects of earthquake on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(2):139–160.
[21]王秀英,聂高众,王登伟.利用强震记录分析汶川地震诱发滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2369–2376.(WANG Xiuying,NIE Gaozhong,WANG Dengwei.Analysis of landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake by strong motion records[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2369–2376.(in Chinese))
[22]黄台丰.瑞里地震诱发之山崩[硕士学位论文][D].台北:国立中央大学,1999.(HUANG Taifong.Landslides triggered by Jueili earth-quake[M.S.Thesis][D].Taipei:National Central University,1999.(in Chinese))
[23]廖轩吾.集集地震诱发之山崩[硕士学位论文][D].台北:国立中央大学,2000.(LIAO Hsuanwu.Landslides triggered by Chichi earth-quake[M.S.Thesis][D].Taipei:National Central University,2000.(in Chinese))
[2]崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].科技赈灾,2008,23(4):317–323.(CUI Peng,WEI Fangqiang,CHEN Xiaoqing,et al.Geohazards in Wenchuan earthquake area and countermeasures for disaster reduction[J].Science and Technology for Disaster Relief,2008,23(4):317–323.(in Chinese))
[3]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585–2592.(HUANG Runqui,LI Weile.Research on development and distributionrules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on May12,2008[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585–2592.(in Chinese))
[4]刘传正.四川汶川地震灾害与地质环境安全[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1907–1912.(LIU Chuanzheng.Disasters induced by the Wenchuan earthquakes,Sichuan,China,and geoenvironmental safety[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1907–1912.(in Chinese))
[5]吴树仁,石菊松,姚鑫,等.四川汶川地震地质灾害活动强度分析评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1900–1906.(WU Shuren,SHI Jusong,YAO Xin,et al.Analysis and evaluation of geohazards intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(11):1900–1906.(in Chinese))
[6]ZHOU B G,ZHANG Y M.Some characteristics of earthquake-induced landslide in Southwestern China[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1994,16(1):95–103.
[7]辛鸿博,王余庆.岩土边坡地震崩滑及其初判准[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):591–594.(XIN Hongbo,WANG Yuqing.Earthquake-induced landslide and avalanche and its criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(5):591–594.(in Chinese))
[8]丁彦慧,王余庆,孙进忠.地震崩滑与地震参数的关系及其在边坡震害预测中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(增1):101–107.(DING Yanhui,WANG Yuqing,SUN Jinzhong.Correlation between landslides and seismic parameters and its application to predicting slope earthquake disaster[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1999,42(Supp.1):101–107.(in Chinese))
[9]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,2006.(HU Yuxian.Earthquake engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Earthquake Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[10]谢毓寿.新的中国地震烈度表[J].地球物理学报,1957,6(1):35–47.(XIE Yushou.New earthquake intensity in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1957,6(1):35–47.(in Chinese))
[11]WILSON R C,KEEFER D K.Predicting areal limits of earthquake-induced landslides[C]//ZIONY J I ed.Evaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Region—an Earth-science Perspective.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1985:317–345.
[12]HARP E L,WILSON R C.Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides:evidence from1987Whittier narrows and superstition Hilss earthquake strong-motion records[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1995,85(6):1739–1757.
[13]WILSON R C,KEEFER D K.Dynamic analysis of a slope failure from the6August1979Coyote Lake,California,earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1983,73(3):863–877.
[14]JIBSON R W.Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement[J].Engineering Geology,2007,91(2/4):209–218.
[15]王恭先,徐峻岭,刘光代,等.滑坡学与滑坡防治技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.(WANG Gongxian,XU Junling,LIU Guangdai,et al.Landslidology and landslide control technique[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2007.(in Chinese))
[16]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):597–629.(XU Xiwei,WEN Xueze,YE Jianqing,et al.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(3):597–629.(in Chinese))
[17]LI X J,ZHOU Z H,YU H Y,et al.Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(3):235–246.
[18]于海英,王栋,杨永强,等.汶川MS8.0级地震强震动特征初步分析[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):321–336.(YU Haiying,WANG Dong,YANG Yongqiang,et al.The preliminary analysis of strong ground motion characteristics from the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2008,3(4):321–336.(in Chinese))
[19]国土资源部地质环境监测院.“5.12”汶川地震区地质灾害防治区划图[R].北京:国土资源部地质环境监测院,2008.(China Institute of Geoenvironment Monitoring of Ministry of Land and Resources.People′s Republic of China.Zonation of geohazards prevention of seismic region in“5.12”Wenchuan earthquake[R].Beijing:China Institute of Geoenvironment Monitoring of Ministry of Land and Resources,2008.(in Chinese))
[20]NEWMARK N M.Effects of earthquake on dams and embankments[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(2):139–160.
[21]王秀英,聂高众,王登伟.利用强震记录分析汶川地震诱发滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2369–2376.(WANG Xiuying,NIE Gaozhong,WANG Dengwei.Analysis of landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake by strong motion records[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2369–2376.(in Chinese))
[22]黄台丰.瑞里地震诱发之山崩[硕士学位论文][D].台北:国立中央大学,1999.(HUANG Taifong.Landslides triggered by Jueili earth-quake[M.S.Thesis][D].Taipei:National Central University,1999.(in Chinese))
[23]廖轩吾.集集地震诱发之山崩[硕士学位论文][D].台北:国立中央大学,2000.(LIAO Hsuanwu.Landslides triggered by Chichi earth-quake[M.S.Thesis][D].Taipei:National Central University,2000.(in Chinese))
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