塔北草湖凹陷形成演化新认识及油气地质意义
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摘要
基于二维地震剖面的精细地质解释,并结合钻井资料的分析,提出了塔北地区古生代以来草湖凹陷形成演化的新认识,认为塔北草湖凹陷东、西两侧斜坡的形成时间与形成机理存在明显的差异。凹陷西侧中-上奥陶统自东向西超覆沉积特征明显,表明西斜坡主要形成于加里东中期,形成机理是在持续区域挤压背景下,草湖地区相对沉降,阿克库勒地区相对隆升,表现出沉积型凹陷斜坡的特征;而凹陷东侧可见奥陶系、志留系等地层被强烈抬升并遭受剥蚀,角度不整合于上泥盆统-石炭系之下,后者又角度不整合于三叠系之下,表明东斜坡主要形成于加里东晚期和海西早、晚期的强烈构造变形,以海西晚期为主,表现出构造型凹陷斜坡的特征。草湖凹陷西侧有利于发育下奥陶统岩溶型地层圈闭,凹陷东侧有利于发育志留系、石炭系和三叠系超覆型岩性圈闭及中-上奥陶统不整合型地层圈闭、下奥陶统岩溶型地层圈闭,它们是下一步油气勘探的重要方向。
The evolution of Caohu sag in northern Tarim Basin is discussed in this paper based on geological interpretation of two-dimensional seismic profiles and analysis of drilling data.We present new ideas about the evolution of Caohu sag since Paleozoic.The time and mechanism of formation of the eastern and western slopes of Caohu sag are apparently different.In the western side of the sag,the Middle-Upper Ordovician show distinct overlapping characteristics from east to west,indicating that the western slope of Caohu sag was developed mainly in the Middle Caledonian as the result of the subsiding of Caohu area and the uplifting of Akekule Uplift under the continuous regional compression.The western slope has the characteristics of depositional sag slope.While in the eastern side of the sag,the Silurian-Ordovician were strongly uplifted and eroded and underlie unconformably the Upper Devonian-Carboniferous,which in turn underlie unconformably the Triassic.This demonstrates that the eastern slope was developed in the Late Caledonian as well as the Early and Late Hercynian as the result of the intense tectonic deformation,with the Late Hercynian being the dominant.The eastern slope shows the characteristics of structural sag slope.The western side of Caohu sag is favorable for the development of Late Ordovician karst stratigraphic traps,while the eastern side is favorable for the development of overlapped lithologic traps in the Silurian,Carboniferous and Triassic,unconformity stratigraphic traps in the Upper-Middle Ordovician,as well as the karst stratigraphic traps in the Lower Ordovician.They are the major potential exploration targets in the future.
The evolution of Caohu sag in northern Tarim Basin is discussed in this paper based on geological interpretation of two-dimensional seismic profiles and analysis of drilling data.We present new ideas about the evolution of Caohu sag since Paleozoic.The time and mechanism of formation of the eastern and western slopes of Caohu sag are apparently different.In the western side of the sag,the Middle-Upper Ordovician show distinct overlapping characteristics from east to west,indicating that the western slope of Caohu sag was developed mainly in the Middle Caledonian as the result of the subsiding of Caohu area and the uplifting of Akekule Uplift under the continuous regional compression.The western slope has the characteristics of depositional sag slope.While in the eastern side of the sag,the Silurian-Ordovician were strongly uplifted and eroded and underlie unconformably the Upper Devonian-Carboniferous,which in turn underlie unconformably the Triassic.This demonstrates that the eastern slope was developed in the Late Caledonian as well as the Early and Late Hercynian as the result of the intense tectonic deformation,with the Late Hercynian being the dominant.The eastern slope shows the characteristics of structural sag slope.The western side of Caohu sag is favorable for the development of Late Ordovician karst stratigraphic traps,while the eastern side is favorable for the development of overlapped lithologic traps in the Silurian,Carboniferous and Triassic,unconformity stratigraphic traps in the Upper-Middle Ordovician,as well as the karst stratigraphic traps in the Lower Ordovician.They are the major potential exploration targets in the future.
引文
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[2]潘文庆,王招明,孙崇浩,等.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层序界面类型划分及其意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):531-541.Pan Wenqing,Wang Zhaoming,Sun Chonghao,et al.Classificationsof sequence boundaries in the Lower Paleozoic carbonates in TarimBasin and their significances[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(4):531-541.
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[4]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):114-119.Xu Guoqiang,Liu Shugeng,Li Guorong,et al.Comparison of tectonicevolution and petroleum geological conditions in Tazhong and Tabeipaleohighs in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):114-119.
[5]斯春松,乔占峰,沈安江,等.塔北南缘奥陶系层序地层对岩溶储层的控制作用[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):135-144.Si Chunsong,Qiao Zhanfeng,Shen Anjiang,et al.The controllingeffect of sequence stratigraphy on karst reservoirs of Ordovician in thesouth margin of northern Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):135-144.
[6]何治亮,罗传容,龚铭,等.塔里木多旋回盆地与复式油气系统[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2001:10-13.He Zhiliang,Luo Chuanrong,Gong Ming,et al.Complex petroleumsystem and multicycle basin in Tarim.[M].Wuhang:China Univer-sity of Geosciences Press,2001:10-13.
[7]傅强,叶茂林.塔里木盆地草湖凹陷-库尔勒鼻凸烃源岩演化[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2005,33(4):535-539.Fu Qiang,Ye Maolin.Source rock deposition evolution in Caohu Sag-Kuerle Nose Salient,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2005,33(4):535-539.
[8]张希明.新疆塔河油田下奥陶统碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(5):17-22.Zhang Ximing.The characteristics of Lower Ordovician fissure-vugcarbonate oil and gas pools in Tahe oil field,Xinjiang[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2001,28(5):17-22.
[9]康玉柱.塔里木盆地塔河大油田形成的地质条件及前景展望[J].中国地质,2003,30(3):315-319.Kang Yuzhu.Geological characteristics of the formation of the largeTahe oilfield in the Tarim Basin and its prospects[J].Geology inChina,2003,30(3):315-319.
[10]梁狄刚.塔里木盆地轮南-塔河奥陶系油田发现史的回顾与展望[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):153-158.Liang Digang.Review and expectation on the discovery of OrdovicianLunnan-Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):153-158.
[11]翟晓先.塔河大油田新领域的勘探实践[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):751-761.Zhai Xiaoxian.Exploration practices in frontiers of Tahe oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(6):751-761.
[12]赵锡奎,李国蓉,付强,等.塔里木盆地草湖凹陷油气勘探的基本条件及前景分析[J].矿物岩石,2001,21(4):48-52.Zhao Xikui,Li Guorong,Fu Qiang,et al.The essential conditions andtarget regions for petroleum exploration in Caohu Sag in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2001,21(4):48-52.
[13]贾承造,魏国齐.塔里木盆地构造特征与含油气性[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):1-8.Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi.Structural characteristic and oil-gas bearingproperty in Tarim Basin[J].China Science Bulletin,2002,47(S1):1-8.
[14]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.He Dengfa,Jia Chengzao,Li Desheng,et al.Formation and evolutionof polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77.
[15]林畅松,李思田,刘景彦,等.塔里木盆地古生代重要演化阶段的古构造格局与古地理演化[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):210-218.Lin Changsong,Li Sitian,Liu Jingyan,et al.Tectonic framework andpaleogeographic evolution of the Tarim Basin during the Paleozoicmajor evolutionary stages[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):210-218.
[16]刘景彦,林畅松,李思田,等.塔中-塔北志留系沉积层序的不对称结构及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):297-309.Liu Jingyan,Lin Changsong,Li Sitian,et al.Differential depositionalarchitecture of Silurian sequences and its tectonic significance inTazhong and Tabei areas of Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):297-309.
[17]张光亚,赵文智,王红军,等.塔里木盆地多旋回构造演化与复合含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):653-663.Zhang Guangya,Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Hongjun,et al.Multicycle tec-tonic evolution and composite petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(5):653-663.
[18]Lin C S,Yang H J,Liu J Y,et al.Distribution and erosion of the Pa-leozoic tectonic unconformities in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China:significance for the evolution of paleo-uplifts and tectonic geographyduring deformation[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,46(2):1-19.
[19]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):94-104.Li Yuejun,Yang Haijun,Zhao Yan,et al.Tectonic framework andevolution of south Tianshan,NW China[J].Geotectonica et Metallo-genia,2009,33(1):94-104.
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