南海北部琼东南盆地海底滑坡特征及其成因机制
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摘要
由于近10年来海底天然气水合物的勘探和开采研究,海底滑坡逐渐受到关注。琼东南盆地海底滑坡一般发生于天然气水合物富集的陆架坡折带,对开发和勘探起着重要的影响作用。笔者基于前人已有二维地震资料,详细分析了南海北部琼东南盆地的海底滑坡几何变形特征。识别出3个主滑动面,为3期滑坡事件所致,而每期滑坡事件又划分出几个阶段的次级滑坡过程。研究区广泛发育滑坡陡壁、不同级次的滑动面、滑坡阶地、滑坡沟谷等典型滑坡地貌。初步估算,琼东南盆地海底滑坡面积约为2 500 km2,滑坡受陆架坡折、断裂活动、海平面下降、沉积物自身重力、海水底流改造、水合物分解等因素的综合控制。结合地层年代格架分析,提出琼东南盆地陆架坡折带滑坡活跃期集中在上新世—第四纪。
Submarine landslides has been gradually attracted attentions because of exploration and exploitation of submarine gashydrate in the past decade.Submarine landslides in the Qiongdongnan basin,Northern South China Sea generally occur in continental slope where gashydrate usually accumulates.They play an important role to their development and exploration.We analyze the detailed geometric characteristics of submarine landslides in the Qiongdongnan basin based on the preexisting 2D seismic profiles to identify three major slide planes which are caused by three landslide events.Each landslide event can be divided into several secondary landslide stages.Typical landslide topography such as slide scarps,slide plane,slide terraces,slide valleys are widely developed in the study area.Based on preliminarily estimated,the Qiongdongnan submarine landslides cover an area of about 2 500 km2.The submarine landslides are controlled by continental slope,active faults,sea-level drops,gravity of sediments,seabottom flows,gas hydrate dissociation and other factors.Combined with chronostratigraphic framework,the active period of the landslides in the Qiongdongnan basin can be identified between Late Pliocene and Quaternary.
Submarine landslides has been gradually attracted attentions because of exploration and exploitation of submarine gashydrate in the past decade.Submarine landslides in the Qiongdongnan basin,Northern South China Sea generally occur in continental slope where gashydrate usually accumulates.They play an important role to their development and exploration.We analyze the detailed geometric characteristics of submarine landslides in the Qiongdongnan basin based on the preexisting 2D seismic profiles to identify three major slide planes which are caused by three landslide events.Each landslide event can be divided into several secondary landslide stages.Typical landslide topography such as slide scarps,slide plane,slide terraces,slide valleys are widely developed in the study area.Based on preliminarily estimated,the Qiongdongnan submarine landslides cover an area of about 2 500 km2.The submarine landslides are controlled by continental slope,active faults,sea-level drops,gravity of sediments,seabottom flows,gas hydrate dissociation and other factors.Combined with chronostratigraphic framework,the active period of the landslides in the Qiongdongnan basin can be identified between Late Pliocene and Quaternary.
引文
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[4]邹谨敞,邵顺妹,屈健鹏,等.北祁连东段及其邻区地震滑坡的基本特征和危险区预测[J].高原地震,1996,8(2):50-60.Zou Jinchang,Shao Shunmei,Qu Jianpeng,et al.BasicFeatures of Seismic Landslides and Prediction of Land-slide Risk Areas in the Eastern of North QilianshanMountains and Its Abjacent Area[J].Earthquake Re-search in Plateau,1996,8(2):50-60.
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[8]许文锋,车爱兰,王治,等.地震荷载作用下海底滑坡特征及其机理[J].上海交通大学学报,2011,45(5):782-786.Xu Wenfeng,Che Ailan,Wang Zhi,et al.DestructionCharacteristic of Seabed Landslide During EarthquakeMotion and Its Mechanism[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao-tong University,2011,45(5):782-786.
[9]Imbo Y,Batist M D,Canals M,et al.The Gebra Slide:A Submarine Slide on the Trinity Peninsula Margin,Ant-arctica[J].Marine Geology,2003,193:235-252.
[10]Henkel D I.The Role of Waves in Causing SubmarineLandslides[J].Geotechnique,1970,20(1):75-80.
[11]Schwab W C,Lee H J.Causes of Two Slope FailureTypes in Continental Shelf Sediment,Northeastern Gulfof Alaska[J].Sediment Petrol,1988(58):1-11.
[12]刘锡清,刘守全,王圣洁,等.南海灾害地质发育规律初探[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(1):12-16.Liu Xiqing,Liu Shouquan,Wang Shengjie,et al.Pre-liminary Study on the Distribution of Hazardous Geologyin South China Sea and Its Formation Regulations[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2002,13(1):12-16.
[13]陈晖,曹立华,李安龙,等.埕岛海域浅水区人工构筑物周边海底地形演化与海洋灾害地质现象关系研究[J].海岸工程,2003,22(3):19-24.Chen Hui,Cao Lihua,Li Anlong,et al.Seabed Evolu-tion Around Artificial Works in the Chengdao ShallowWater Area and Its Relations to Subbottom Hazard[J].Coastal Engineering,2003,22(3):19-24.
[14]陈东景,李培英,刘乐军,等.海底地质灾害对社会经济发展影响的特点与趋势[J].海洋开发与管理,2010(6):80-84.Chen Dongjing,Li Peiying,Liu Lejun,et al.The Fea-ture and Trend of Affects on Seabed Geological Disasters[J].Ocean Development and Management,2010(6):80-84.
[15]李泽文.南海北部外陆架灾害地质因素及其对海底管道的影响研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.Li Zewen.Research on Hazardous Geological Factors inthe Outer Shelf of Northern South China Sea and Influ-ence on the Submarine Pipelines[D].Qingdao:OceanUniversity of China,2011.
[16]刘锡清.我国海岸带主要灾害地质因素及其影响[J].海洋地质动态,2005,21(5):23-42.Liu Xiqing.Main Geological Hazardous Factors and In-fluences on China Coastal Zone[J].Marine GeologyLetters,2005,21(5):23-42.
[17]杨晓云.天然气水合物与海底滑坡研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2010.Yang Xiaoyun.Study of Gas Hydrate and SubmarineLandslide[D].Dongying:China University of Petrole-um(East China),2010.
[18]颜文涛,陈建文,范德江.海底滑坡与天然气水合物之间的相互关系[J].海洋地质动态,2006,22(12):38-40.Yan Wentao,Chen Jianwen,Fan Dejiang.The Rela-tionship Between the Submarine Landslides and NaturalGas Hydrate[J].Marine Geology Letters,2006,22(12):38-40.
[19]彭晓彤,周怀阳,陈光谦,等.论天然气水合物与海底地质灾害、气象灾害和生物灾害的关系[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(4):18-22.Peng Xiaotong,Zhou Huaiyang,Chen Guangqian,etal.Environmental Disaster of Gas Hydrate:Its Relation-ship with Submarine Geology Hazard,Climate Hazardand Biology Hazard[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2002,11(4):18-22.
[20]吴时国,陈珊珊,王志君,等.大陆边缘深水区海底滑坡及其不稳定性风险评估[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):430-437.Wu Shiguo,Chen Shanshan,Wang Zhijun,et al.Sub-marine Landslide and Risk Evaluation on Its Instabilityin the Deepwater Continental Margin[J].Geoscience,2008,22(3):430-437.
[21]Kayen R E,Lee H.Pleistocene Slope Instability of GasHydrate Laden Sediment on the Beau Fort Sea Margin[J].Marine Geotech,1991,10(1):125-141.
[22]甘华阳,王家生,胡高伟.海洋沉积物中的天然气水合物与海底滑坡[J].防震减灾工程学报,2004,24(2):177-181.Gan Huayang,Wang Jiasheng,Hu Gaowei.SubmarineLandslide Related to Natural Gas Hydrate Within Ben-thal Deposit[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mi-tigation Engineering,2004,24(2):177-181.
[23]刘鹏,唐佳芝,李强.关于天然气水合物开采引发海底滑坡的思考[J].资源环境与节能减灾,2010(5):106-107.Liu Peng,Tang Jiazhi,Li Qiang.Thoughts on Subma-rine Landslides Triggered by Exploiting Natural Gas Hy-drate[J].Resources and Environment and Energy Con-servation and Reduction,2010(5):106-107.
[24]寇养琦.南海北部的海底滑坡[J].海洋与海岸带开发,1990,7(3):48-51.Kou Yangqi.Submarine Landslides in the NorthernSouth China Sea[J].Ocean and Coastal Development,1990,7(3):48-51.
[25]冯文科,石要红,陈玲辉.南海北部外陆架和上陆坡海底滑坡稳定性研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(2):81-94.Feng Wenke,Shi Yaohong,Chen Linghui.Research forSeafloor Landslide Stability on the Outer ContinentalShelf and the Upper Continental Slope in the NorthernSouth China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Ge-ology,1994,14(2):81-94.
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