三峡地区中上地壳密度结构
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摘要
三峡地区处于扬子板块北缘,北部与秦岭造山带相连,西部和四川盆地相邻,东北及东南部分别为华北板块及华南褶皱带,其在历史上各种地质构造运动频繁、复杂.本文利用三维重力成像方法,得到了三峡地区中上地壳三维密度分布,结果显示黄陵背斜为高密度异常区域,其最深处大约15km;黄陵背斜周围的主要区域性断裂构造呈菱形分布,这些断裂深度大约10～15km,一般切割至中地壳上部,控制着该区域的构造演化过程以及大部分的地震分布;黄陵背斜中部沿长江一线有大面积低密度地层分布,推测主要为低密度物质沿雾渡河断裂侵入有关.此外,西部的秭归盆地为低密度沉积区域,其沉积厚度明显不均,自巴东向秭归方向沉积厚度明显加深.
The Three Gorges located in northern margin of Yangtze plate, is surrounded by four different geotectonic units: Qinling orogenic belt in north, Sichuan basin in west, North China plate in northeast and South China fold belt in southeast. In history, there are so many kinds of tectonic movements occurred. Utilizing Bouguer gravity anomaly in the Three Gorges area, and based on the technology of 3D gravity inversion, the 3D density structure of the upper and middle crust of Three Gorges reservoir area is obtained. The results show that Huangling anticline is a high density area, with a maximum depth of about 15 km. The distribution of regional faults around the Huangling anticline is lozenge-shaped, and those faults cut to the top of the middle crust with a depth of about 10-15 km, controlling the tectonic evolution and earthquake distributions in this area. Along Yangtze River, there is a low density stratum in the middle of Huangling anticline, which presumably is the result of the low density materials intruded along Wuduhe fault. Furthermore, Zigui basin in west has low density values, and its deposit stratum is nonuniform in thickness, that is, becoming thicker and thicker from Badong to Zigui.
The Three Gorges located in northern margin of Yangtze plate, is surrounded by four different geotectonic units: Qinling orogenic belt in north, Sichuan basin in west, North China plate in northeast and South China fold belt in southeast. In history, there are so many kinds of tectonic movements occurred. Utilizing Bouguer gravity anomaly in the Three Gorges area, and based on the technology of 3D gravity inversion, the 3D density structure of the upper and middle crust of Three Gorges reservoir area is obtained. The results show that Huangling anticline is a high density area, with a maximum depth of about 15 km. The distribution of regional faults around the Huangling anticline is lozenge-shaped, and those faults cut to the top of the middle crust with a depth of about 10-15 km, controlling the tectonic evolution and earthquake distributions in this area. Along Yangtze River, there is a low density stratum in the middle of Huangling anticline, which presumably is the result of the low density materials intruded along Wuduhe fault. Furthermore, Zigui basin in west has low density values, and its deposit stratum is nonuniform in thickness, that is, becoming thicker and thicker from Badong to Zigui.
引文
Chen,X.B.,1994.Characteristics of deep structure of ThreeGorges and adjacent area.Earthquake Press,Beijing(inChinese).
Constable,S.C.,Parker,R.L.,Constable,C.G.,1987.Occams inversion:apractical algorithm for generatingsmooth models from electromagnetic sounding data.Ge-ophysics,52(3):289-300.doi:10.1190/1.1442303
Di,L.S.,2004.Structral features mobility Shuitianba fault in theThree Gorges area.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(2):52-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng,D.Y.,Li,Z.C.,Zhang,Z.C.,1991.Intrusive ages andisotopic characteristics of massives in the south of Huan-gling granitoids.Resources Environment&Engineering,5(2):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gan,J.S.,Liu,S.W.,Li,A.R.,et al.,1996.Investigationadvance of the Wuduhe fault in the Huangling block.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,16(1):72-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,X.G.,Li,R.C.,1984.Crustal stress and seismic activity inThree Gorges region.North China Earthquake Sciences,(1):53-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,X.G.,Xu,Z.M.,1992.Features of linear structure on thesoutheastern edge of Huangling anticline and its seismotec-tonic significance.South China Journal of Seismology,12(4):42-45(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,A.R.,Han,X.G.,Xu,Y.J.,1987.Characteristics of gravityfield in the Three-Gorge region,western Hubei Provinceand its seismotectonic significance.Seismology and Geolo-gy,9(3):71-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,A.R.,Xu,Y.J.,Gu,Z.C.,1982.Neotectonic movementand earthquake of Yuanan fault zone,center of Hubei.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,(2):98-103(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,F.,Xue,J.R.,Han,X.G.,2004.On observation of earthshocks and its genesis in Mazongshan of Badong in ThreeGorges reservoir.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(2):78-82(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Q.,Zhao,X.,Cai,J.A.,et al.,2009.P wave velocitystructure of upper and middle crust beneath the ThreeGorges reservoir dam and adjacent regions.Science inChina(Ser.D),52(4):567-578.doi:10.1007/s11430-009-0047-6
Li,Y.G.,Oldenburg,D.W.,1998.3-D inversion of gravitydata.Geophysics,63(1):109-119.doi:10.1190/1.1444302
Li,Z.C.,Wang,G.H.,Zhang,Z.C.,2002.Isotopic agespectrum of the Huangling granitic batholith,westernHubei.Geology and Mineral Resources of South Chi-na,(3):19-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liao,W.L.,Yao,Y.S.,Ding,Z.F.,2007.Tomographic im-agery of P wave velocity structure in Three Gorges re-gion.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(3):80-84(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,S.F.,Liu,S.W.,Jia,M.Y.,1984.The deep gravitation-al field and its geological explanation over Hubei Prov-ince and vicinal regions.Journal of Geodesy and Geo-dynamics,4(4):357-364(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Ma,D.Q.,Du,S.H.,Xiao,Z.F.,2002.The origin of Huanglinggranite batholith.Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,21(2):151-161(in Chinese with English abstract).
Oldenburg,D.W.,1974.The inversion and interpretation ofgravity anomalies.Geophysics,39(4):526-536.doi:10.1190/1.1440444
Parker,R.L.,1973.The rapid calculation of potential anom-alies.Geophysical Journal of the Royal AstronomicalSociety,31(4):447-455.doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1973.tb06513.x
Qian,X.H.,Yang,H.Z.,Xu,Z.X.,1993.A discussion onthe structure of basement in Hubei.Resources Environ-ment&Engineering,7(1):30-37(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Shen,C.Y.,Sun,S.A.,Liu,S.M.,et al.,2004.Dynamic varia-tions of gravity field in head area of Three Gorges reservoirin recent years.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(2):6-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,S.A.,Xiang,A.M.,Liu,D.Z.,2004.High precisegravity survey before and after impoundment of ThreeGorges project.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(2):30-33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,Y.,Tan,C.X.,Wang,R.J.,et al.,1996.An assess-ment and zonation of regional crustal stability in andaround the dam region of the Three Gorges project onthe Yangtze River.Acta Geosicientia Sinica,17(3):258-268(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan,C.X.,1991.Northward extension of Xiannushan faultin the front region of Yangtze Gorges project.Hydro-geology and Engineering Geology,(5):13-17(inChinese with English abstract).
Tikhonov,A.N.,Goncharsky,A.,Stepanov,V.V.,et al.,2005.Numerical methods for the solution of ill-posedproblems.Kluwer Academic Publishers,London.
Tu,G.M.,Liu,S.K.,Xiong,Y.P.,1996.Structral featuresmobility Shuitianba fault in the Three Gorges area.Re-sources Environment&Engineering,10(2):103-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,R.J.,Tan,C.X.,Sheng,C.M.,1995.A discussion ofstructural activity of Xiannushan fault belt and its ex-tension towards north in the Three Gorges on the Yan-gtze River.Earth Science,20(6):693-696(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Wang,S.R.,Zhu,S.L.,Li,R.C.,1992.Three dimensional in-version of gravity anomalies in the region of Three Gorges,the Yangtze River.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,35(1):69-76(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia,J.W.,Zhou,L.Q.,Liu,S.K.,1996.Characteristics andactivity of main faults in and around Zigui basin,west-ern Hubei.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(1):10-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xing,C.F.,Gong,K.H.,Du,R.L.,2003.Crustal deforma-tion monitoring network for Three Gorges project onYangtze River.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,23(1):114-118(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiong,C.Y.,Wei,C.S.,Jin,G.F.,2004.Pre-Sinian paleostruc-tural framework and major geological events in the Huan-gling anticline,western Hubei.Journal of Geomechanics,10(2):97-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,G.L.,Shen,C.Y.,Wang,X.Q.,et al.,2005.Numericalsimulation of gravity effect of water-impoundment in ThreeGorges reservoir.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,25(1):19-23(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,S.X.,Zhou,M.L.,Xu,X.W.,et al.,1993.Seekingfor east boundary fault structure at Zigui basin:a fur-ther discussion on northward extension through Yan-gtze River of the Xiannushan fault zone.Journal of Ge-odesy and Geodynamics,13(2):48-54(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Zeng,H.L.,2004.Gravity field and gravity exploration.Geo-logical Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Zhang,H.D.,1986.Research on formation and structure de-velopment of Huangling anticline.Journal of JianghanPetroleum Institute,(1):29-40(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Zhao,X.,Li,Q.,Cai,J.A.,2007.On minimum1Dvelocitymodel applied in Three Gorges reservoir area.Journalof Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(S1):1-7(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Zhou,M.L.,Qin,X.L.,Feng,X.C.,1984.Several views onXiannushan fault zone.Journal of Geodesy and Geody-namics,4(1):82-89(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
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冯定犹,李志昌,张自超,1991.黄陵花岗岩类岩基南部岩体侵入时代和同位素特征.资源环境与工程,5(2):1-12.
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Di,L.S.,2004.Structral features mobility Shuitianba fault in theThree Gorges area.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(2):52-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
Feng,D.Y.,Li,Z.C.,Zhang,Z.C.,1991.Intrusive ages andisotopic characteristics of massives in the south of Huan-gling granitoids.Resources Environment&Engineering,5(2):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gan,J.S.,Liu,S.W.,Li,A.R.,et al.,1996.Investigationadvance of the Wuduhe fault in the Huangling block.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,16(1):72-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,X.G.,Li,R.C.,1984.Crustal stress and seismic activity inThree Gorges region.North China Earthquake Sciences,(1):53-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
Han,X.G.,Xu,Z.M.,1992.Features of linear structure on thesoutheastern edge of Huangling anticline and its seismotec-tonic significance.South China Journal of Seismology,12(4):42-45(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,A.R.,Han,X.G.,Xu,Y.J.,1987.Characteristics of gravityfield in the Three-Gorge region,western Hubei Provinceand its seismotectonic significance.Seismology and Geolo-gy,9(3):71-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,A.R.,Xu,Y.J.,Gu,Z.C.,1982.Neotectonic movementand earthquake of Yuanan fault zone,center of Hubei.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,(2):98-103(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,F.,Xue,J.R.,Han,X.G.,2004.On observation of earthshocks and its genesis in Mazongshan of Badong in ThreeGorges reservoir.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(2):78-82(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,Q.,Zhao,X.,Cai,J.A.,et al.,2009.P wave velocitystructure of upper and middle crust beneath the ThreeGorges reservoir dam and adjacent regions.Science inChina(Ser.D),52(4):567-578.doi:10.1007/s11430-009-0047-6
Li,Y.G.,Oldenburg,D.W.,1998.3-D inversion of gravitydata.Geophysics,63(1):109-119.doi:10.1190/1.1444302
Li,Z.C.,Wang,G.H.,Zhang,Z.C.,2002.Isotopic agespectrum of the Huangling granitic batholith,westernHubei.Geology and Mineral Resources of South Chi-na,(3):19-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liao,W.L.,Yao,Y.S.,Ding,Z.F.,2007.Tomographic im-agery of P wave velocity structure in Three Gorges re-gion.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(3):80-84(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,S.F.,Liu,S.W.,Jia,M.Y.,1984.The deep gravitation-al field and its geological explanation over Hubei Prov-ince and vicinal regions.Journal of Geodesy and Geo-dynamics,4(4):357-364(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Ma,D.Q.,Du,S.H.,Xiao,Z.F.,2002.The origin of Huanglinggranite batholith.Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,21(2):151-161(in Chinese with English abstract).
Oldenburg,D.W.,1974.The inversion and interpretation ofgravity anomalies.Geophysics,39(4):526-536.doi:10.1190/1.1440444
Parker,R.L.,1973.The rapid calculation of potential anom-alies.Geophysical Journal of the Royal AstronomicalSociety,31(4):447-455.doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1973.tb06513.x
Qian,X.H.,Yang,H.Z.,Xu,Z.X.,1993.A discussion onthe structure of basement in Hubei.Resources Environ-ment&Engineering,7(1):30-37(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Shen,C.Y.,Sun,S.A.,Liu,S.M.,et al.,2004.Dynamic varia-tions of gravity field in head area of Three Gorges reservoirin recent years.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(2):6-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,S.A.,Xiang,A.M.,Liu,D.Z.,2004.High precisegravity survey before and after impoundment of ThreeGorges project.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,24(2):30-33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun,Y.,Tan,C.X.,Wang,R.J.,et al.,1996.An assess-ment and zonation of regional crustal stability in andaround the dam region of the Three Gorges project onthe Yangtze River.Acta Geosicientia Sinica,17(3):258-268(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan,C.X.,1991.Northward extension of Xiannushan faultin the front region of Yangtze Gorges project.Hydro-geology and Engineering Geology,(5):13-17(inChinese with English abstract).
Tikhonov,A.N.,Goncharsky,A.,Stepanov,V.V.,et al.,2005.Numerical methods for the solution of ill-posedproblems.Kluwer Academic Publishers,London.
Tu,G.M.,Liu,S.K.,Xiong,Y.P.,1996.Structral featuresmobility Shuitianba fault in the Three Gorges area.Re-sources Environment&Engineering,10(2):103-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,R.J.,Tan,C.X.,Sheng,C.M.,1995.A discussion ofstructural activity of Xiannushan fault belt and its ex-tension towards north in the Three Gorges on the Yan-gtze River.Earth Science,20(6):693-696(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Wang,S.R.,Zhu,S.L.,Li,R.C.,1992.Three dimensional in-version of gravity anomalies in the region of Three Gorges,the Yangtze River.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,35(1):69-76(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xia,J.W.,Zhou,L.Q.,Liu,S.K.,1996.Characteristics andactivity of main faults in and around Zigui basin,west-ern Hubei.Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,(1):10-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xing,C.F.,Gong,K.H.,Du,R.L.,2003.Crustal deforma-tion monitoring network for Three Gorges project onYangtze River.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,23(1):114-118(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiong,C.Y.,Wei,C.S.,Jin,G.F.,2004.Pre-Sinian paleostruc-tural framework and major geological events in the Huan-gling anticline,western Hubei.Journal of Geomechanics,10(2):97-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,G.L.,Shen,C.Y.,Wang,X.Q.,et al.,2005.Numericalsimulation of gravity effect of water-impoundment in ThreeGorges reservoir.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,25(1):19-23(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang,S.X.,Zhou,M.L.,Xu,X.W.,et al.,1993.Seekingfor east boundary fault structure at Zigui basin:a fur-ther discussion on northward extension through Yan-gtze River of the Xiannushan fault zone.Journal of Ge-odesy and Geodynamics,13(2):48-54(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Zeng,H.L.,2004.Gravity field and gravity exploration.Geo-logical Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
Zhang,H.D.,1986.Research on formation and structure de-velopment of Huangling anticline.Journal of JianghanPetroleum Institute,(1):29-40(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Zhao,X.,Li,Q.,Cai,J.A.,2007.On minimum1Dvelocitymodel applied in Three Gorges reservoir area.Journalof Geodesy and Geodynamics,27(S1):1-7(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Zhou,M.L.,Qin,X.L.,Feng,X.C.,1984.Several views onXiannushan fault zone.Journal of Geodesy and Geody-namics,4(1):82-89(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
陈学波,1994.长江三峡工程坝区及外围深部构造特征研究.北京:地震出版社.
狄莉莎,2004.三峡数字地震台网中心记录典型波形初步分析.大地测量与地球动力学,24(2):52-57.
冯定犹,李志昌,张自超,1991.黄陵花岗岩类岩基南部岩体侵入时代和同位素特征.资源环境与工程,5(2):1-12.
甘家思,刘锁旺,李安然,等,1996.黄陵地块内部北西向雾渡河断裂的再研究.大地测量与地球动力学,16(1):72-78.
韩晓光,李蓉川,1984.三峡地区地壳应力场与地震活动.华北地震科学,(1):53-57.
韩晓光,徐卓民,1992.黄陵背斜东南边缘北东向线性构造特征及其与地震活动的关系.华南地震,12(4):42-45.
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