碳酸盐岩孔洞型储集体地震反射特征分析
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摘要
定量分析碳酸盐岩孔洞型储集体的地震响应特征,对孔洞储集体的预测和刻画研究有着重要意义.基于声波方程,在忽略多次散射的情况下,导出了深层小尺度孤立洞体的地震响应近似解析式,该解析表达式给出了孔洞尺度、充填程度与地震振幅属性之间的关系.分析表明:(1)当孔洞异常体尺度小于地震波长的1/8时,反射波振幅与异常体体积呈近似正比关系;(2)异常体横向上的尺度对反射波振幅的影响主要由菲涅耳半径控制,同时振幅随横向尺度的变化规律受到纵向尺度的影响;(3)异常体纵向上的尺度对反射振幅的影响主要表现为调谐效应,当纵向上的尺度等于调谐厚度(地震波长的1/4)时,反射振幅最强.不同尺度溶洞的数值模拟研究结果以及不同填充物的单洞物理模型试验和溶洞群物理模型试验验证了以上结论的正确性.
Quantitative analyses of seismic responses of karst cave reservoir play an important role in predicting and imaging this kind of reservoirs.Ignoring the multiples and based on sonic equation,the analytic expression of the seismic response for an isolated karst cave of small size was given here.The relationship among the size and fillings of the karst cave and the seismic amplitude attribute was established by this analytic expression.The results of analysis indicated that:(1) reflection amplitude is directly proportional to the volume of the cave when the size of the cave is less than 1/8 of the seismic wavelength;(2) the impact of the horizontal size on the reflection amplitude is mainly controlled by Fresnel radius,and also the variation law of amplitude with horizontal size is affected by the vertical size;(3) the impact of vertical size on reflection amplitude behaves as tune effect,and the strongest amplitude appeared in case that the vertical size is equal to the tune thickness(1/4 of the seismic wavelength).The following results of the numerical simulating studies on caves with varied sizes,and physical modeling experiments on cave groups and caves with varied infillings also supported the conclusions.
Quantitative analyses of seismic responses of karst cave reservoir play an important role in predicting and imaging this kind of reservoirs.Ignoring the multiples and based on sonic equation,the analytic expression of the seismic response for an isolated karst cave of small size was given here.The relationship among the size and fillings of the karst cave and the seismic amplitude attribute was established by this analytic expression.The results of analysis indicated that:(1) reflection amplitude is directly proportional to the volume of the cave when the size of the cave is less than 1/8 of the seismic wavelength;(2) the impact of the horizontal size on the reflection amplitude is mainly controlled by Fresnel radius,and also the variation law of amplitude with horizontal size is affected by the vertical size;(3) the impact of vertical size on reflection amplitude behaves as tune effect,and the strongest amplitude appeared in case that the vertical size is equal to the tune thickness(1/4 of the seismic wavelength).The following results of the numerical simulating studies on caves with varied sizes,and physical modeling experiments on cave groups and caves with varied infillings also supported the conclusions.
引文
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[13]赵群,曲寿利,薛诗贵等.碳酸盐岩溶洞物理模型地震响应特征研究.石油物探,2010,49(4):351-359.Zhao Q,Qu S L,Xue S G,et al.Study on the seismicresponse characteristics on the physical model of carbonatecave.Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole(in Chinese),2010,49(4):351-359.
[14]李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让.碳酸盐岩溶洞横向尺度变化的地震响应正演模拟.石油物探,2009,48(6):557-562.Li F Y,Wei J X,Di B R.Forward simulation of seismicresponse in carbonate caverns with varied lateral scale.Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole(in Chinese),2009,48(6):557-562.
[15]吴俊峰,姚姚,撒利明.碳酸盐岩特殊孔洞型构造地震响应特征分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2),180-185.Wu J F,Yao Y,Sa L M.Analysis on seismic response ofspecial cavernous structure of carbonate.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2007,42(2):180-185.
[16]奚先,姚姚,顾汉明.随机溶洞介质模型及其波场模拟.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):365-369.Xi X,Yao Y,Gu H M.Random cavity medium model andthe wave field simulation.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2005,20(2):365-369.
[17]Yao Y,Xi X.Reflected wave field in random median:areview.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2004,1(2):147-152.
[18]撒利明,姚逢昌,狄帮让等.缝洞型储层地震响应特征与识别方法.岩性油气藏,2011,23(1):23-28,73.Sa L M,Yao F C,Di B R,et al.Seismic responsecharacteristics and identification method of fracture-cavityreservoir.Lithologic Reservoirs(in Chinese),2011,23(1):23-28,73.
[19]朱生旺,魏修成,曲寿利等.用随机介质模型方法描述孔洞型油气储层.地质学报,2008,82(3):370-377.Zhu S W,Wei X C,Qu S L,et al.Description of theCarbonate Karst reservoir with random media model.ActaGeologica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,82(3):370-377.
[20]Collion F,Tsogka C.Application of the perfectly matchedabsorbing layer model to the linear elastodynamic problem inanisotropic heterogeneous media.Geophysics,2001,66(1):294-307.
[21]朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成等.变网格有限差分弹性波方程数值模拟方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):634-639.Zhu S W,Qu S L,Wei X C,et al.Numeric simulation bygrid-various finite-difference elastic wave equation.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(6):634-639.
[22]董良国,马在田,曹景忠等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法.地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.Dong L G,Ma Z T,Cao J Z,et al.A staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equation.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2000,43(3):411-419.
[23]Cunha C A.Elastic modeling in discontinuous media.Geophysics,1993,58(12):1840-1851.
[24]Jastram C,Tessmer E.Elastic modeling on a grid withvertically varying spacing.Geophys Prosp,1994,42(4):357-370.
[2]Taner M T,Koehl E R F,Sheriffle E.Complex seismic traceanalysis.Geophysics,1979,44(6):1041-1063.
[3]刘百红,李建华,魏小东等.随机反演在储层预测中的应用.地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):581-589.Liu B H,Li J H,Wei X D,et al.The application ofStochastic seismic inversion in reservoir prediction.Progressin Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(2):581-589.
[4]龚洪林,王振卿,李录明等.应用地震分频技术预测碳酸盐岩储层.地球物理学进展,2008,23(1):129-135.Gong H L,Wang Z Q,Li L M,et al.Predicting carbonatereservoir by applying seismic spectral decomposition technique.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(1):129-135.
[5]郭智奇,刘财,杨宝俊等.粘弹各向异性介质中地震波场模拟与特征.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):804-810.Guo Z Q,Liu C,Yang B J,Liu Y,et al.Seismic wave fieldsmodeling and feature in viscoelastic anisotropic media.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(3):804-810.
[6]程冰洁,李小凡,徐天吉.含流体裂缝介质中地震波场数值模拟.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1370-1374.Cheng B J,Li X F,Xu T J.Numerical modeling of theseismic wave-field in cracked media with liquid.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(5):1370-1374.
[7]Wei J X.A physical model study of different crack densities.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2004,1(1):70-76.
[8]王立华,魏建新,狄帮让.溶洞物理模型地震响应及其属性分析.石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3):291-296.Wang L H,Wei J X,Di B R.Seismic response of karst cavephysical model and analysis of its attributes.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2008,43(3):291-296.
[9]李剑峰,赵群,郝守玲等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层缝洞系统的物理模拟研究.石油物探,2005,44(5):428-431.Li J F,Zhao Q,Hao S L,et al.Physical modeling of thefracture-cave systems of carbonate reservoirs in Tahe oilfield.Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole(in Chinese),2007,42(2).180-185.
[10]贺振华,杜正聪,文晓涛.碳酸盐岩喀斯特溶洞和裂缝系统的地震模拟与预测.地球科学进展,2004,19(3):399-402.He Z H,Du Z C,Wen X T.Seismic modeling andpredication of carbonate karst caves and fractures sets.Advance in Earth Science(in Chinese),2004,19(3):399-402.
[11]曹均,贺振华,黄德济等.孔洞储层地震波特征响应的物理模型实验研究.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,20(6):576-582.Cao Y,He Z H,Huang D J,et al.Seismic responses topore-hole reservoir by physical modeling.Journal ofChengdu University of Technology(Science&TechnologyEdition)(in Chinese),2003,20(6):576-582.
[12]季敏,王尚旭,陈双全.孔洞物理模型的地震属性特征研究.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):425-428.Ji M,Wang S X,Chen S Q.Study on feature of seismicattributes in vugular physical model.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2007,42(4):425-428.
[13]赵群,曲寿利,薛诗贵等.碳酸盐岩溶洞物理模型地震响应特征研究.石油物探,2010,49(4):351-359.Zhao Q,Qu S L,Xue S G,et al.Study on the seismicresponse characteristics on the physical model of carbonatecave.Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole(in Chinese),2010,49(4):351-359.
[14]李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让.碳酸盐岩溶洞横向尺度变化的地震响应正演模拟.石油物探,2009,48(6):557-562.Li F Y,Wei J X,Di B R.Forward simulation of seismicresponse in carbonate caverns with varied lateral scale.Geophysical Prospecting For Petrole(in Chinese),2009,48(6):557-562.
[15]吴俊峰,姚姚,撒利明.碳酸盐岩特殊孔洞型构造地震响应特征分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2),180-185.Wu J F,Yao Y,Sa L M.Analysis on seismic response ofspecial cavernous structure of carbonate.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2007,42(2):180-185.
[16]奚先,姚姚,顾汉明.随机溶洞介质模型及其波场模拟.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):365-369.Xi X,Yao Y,Gu H M.Random cavity medium model andthe wave field simulation.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2005,20(2):365-369.
[17]Yao Y,Xi X.Reflected wave field in random median:areview.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2004,1(2):147-152.
[18]撒利明,姚逢昌,狄帮让等.缝洞型储层地震响应特征与识别方法.岩性油气藏,2011,23(1):23-28,73.Sa L M,Yao F C,Di B R,et al.Seismic responsecharacteristics and identification method of fracture-cavityreservoir.Lithologic Reservoirs(in Chinese),2011,23(1):23-28,73.
[19]朱生旺,魏修成,曲寿利等.用随机介质模型方法描述孔洞型油气储层.地质学报,2008,82(3):370-377.Zhu S W,Wei X C,Qu S L,et al.Description of theCarbonate Karst reservoir with random media model.ActaGeologica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,82(3):370-377.
[20]Collion F,Tsogka C.Application of the perfectly matchedabsorbing layer model to the linear elastodynamic problem inanisotropic heterogeneous media.Geophysics,2001,66(1):294-307.
[21]朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成等.变网格有限差分弹性波方程数值模拟方法.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(6):634-639.Zhu S W,Qu S L,Wei X C,et al.Numeric simulation bygrid-various finite-difference elastic wave equation.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2007,42(6):634-639.
[22]董良国,马在田,曹景忠等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法.地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.Dong L G,Ma Z T,Cao J Z,et al.A staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equation.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2000,43(3):411-419.
[23]Cunha C A.Elastic modeling in discontinuous media.Geophysics,1993,58(12):1840-1851.
[24]Jastram C,Tessmer E.Elastic modeling on a grid withvertically varying spacing.Geophys Prosp,1994,42(4):357-370.
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