塔里木盆地阿恰构造带断裂构造分析
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摘要
阿恰构造带位于塔里木盆地西部,主要由阿恰断裂和乔来买提断裂组成,构成了塔里木盆地次级构造单元阿瓦提凹陷和巴楚断隆分界线的西北段。通过地震资料解释,将阿恰断裂带分为西段、中段和东段3部分。西段为基底卷入型单断逆冲构造样式,断层倾向巴楚断隆;中段为"Y"字形基底卷入型逆冲构造样式,除倾向巴楚断隆的主冲断层外,还发育倾向相反的反冲断层,开始显现出楔状冲断构造的轮廓;东段为典型的楔状冲断构造,倾向巴楚断隆的主冲断层向上断至中寒武统,其冲断位移量完全被倾向阿瓦提凹陷的反冲断层吸收。同时,在阿恰断裂的西段和中段,断层上盘还发育第四纪正断层,而断裂东段不发育。研究认为阿恰断裂带主要存在两期断裂构造:深部基底卷入型逆冲断裂带和其上叠加的浅部正断层。前者形成于新近纪库车组沉积前,在库车组沉积期间持续活动,并在新近纪晚期定型;后者是本次研究首次发现的,形成于第四纪早中期,且只发育在阿恰断裂带的西段和中段。
The Aqia fault belt,which occurs as the boundary of the Awati Sag and Bachu Fault-Uplift in the western Tarim Basin,is mainly made up of Aqia fault and Qiaolaimaiti fault.Based on seismic interpretation,it can be divided into three parts: the west,the middle and the east sections.The west section is a single basement-involved thrust fault which dips towards the Bachu Fault-Uplift.Comparatively,the middle section has a Y-shape tectonic style and begins to show the wedge-shaped thrust features,which develops not only the main Bachu-inclining fault mentioned above,but also a recoil fault with a reversed inclination.In the east section,the main Bachu-inclining fault stopped growing at Mid-Cambrian,with the displacement above completely absorbed by the Awati-inclining recoil fault,which finally forms the typical wedge-shaped thrust structures.A series of Quaternary normal faults have developed on the upper fault plate in the west and middle sections.According to the research,we conclude that there exist mainly two stages of fault tectonics in the Aqia fault belt: the deep basement-involved thrust fault zone and the shallow overlaid normal faults series.The former started to form in Early Neogene and finally stabilized in Late Neogene;the latter is a new discovery in this paper which formed in the Early-Middle Quaternary and it developed only in the west and middle sections of the Aqia fault belt.
The Aqia fault belt,which occurs as the boundary of the Awati Sag and Bachu Fault-Uplift in the western Tarim Basin,is mainly made up of Aqia fault and Qiaolaimaiti fault.Based on seismic interpretation,it can be divided into three parts: the west,the middle and the east sections.The west section is a single basement-involved thrust fault which dips towards the Bachu Fault-Uplift.Comparatively,the middle section has a Y-shape tectonic style and begins to show the wedge-shaped thrust features,which develops not only the main Bachu-inclining fault mentioned above,but also a recoil fault with a reversed inclination.In the east section,the main Bachu-inclining fault stopped growing at Mid-Cambrian,with the displacement above completely absorbed by the Awati-inclining recoil fault,which finally forms the typical wedge-shaped thrust structures.A series of Quaternary normal faults have developed on the upper fault plate in the west and middle sections.According to the research,we conclude that there exist mainly two stages of fault tectonics in the Aqia fault belt: the deep basement-involved thrust fault zone and the shallow overlaid normal faults series.The former started to form in Early Neogene and finally stabilized in Late Neogene;the latter is a new discovery in this paper which formed in the Early-Middle Quaternary and it developed only in the west and middle sections of the Aqia fault belt.
引文
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[10]任建业,张俊霞,阳怀忠,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带断裂系统分析[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):219-230.
[11]郭令智,施央申,卢华复.印藏碰撞的两种远距离效应[M]//李清波,戴金星,刘如琦,等.现代地质学研究文集(上).南京:南京大学出版社,1992:1-8.
[12]贾承造.塔里木盆地构造特征与油气聚集规律[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):177-183.
[13]许志琴,李思田,张建新,等.塔里木地块与古亚洲/特提斯构造体系的对接[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):1-22.
[14]李江海,潘文庆,蔡振忠,等.大陆盆地的聚敛—闭合过程研究:以塔里木盆地为例[J].地学前缘,2007,14(4):105-113.
[15]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):96-106.
[2]肖安成,杨树锋,李曰俊,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起断裂系统主要形成时代的新认识[J].地质科学,2005,40(2):291-302.
[3]杨庚,李本亮,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起北缘阿恰基底卷入构造[J].地质论评,2012,58(1):32-40.
[4]李曰俊,杨海军,张光亚,等.重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2466-2478.
[5]谢晓安,胡素云,卢华复.探讨塔里木盆地巴楚断隆的正反转构造[J].地质论评,1998,44(1):1-6.
[6]李洪辉,张光亚,刘建新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆油气勘探模式[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5):11-13.
[7]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207-221.
[8]丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):242-252.
[9]顾忆,邵志兵,赵明,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起油气保存条件与勘探方向[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(1):50-55.
[10]任建业,张俊霞,阳怀忠,等.塔里木盆地中央隆起带断裂系统分析[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):219-230.
[11]郭令智,施央申,卢华复.印藏碰撞的两种远距离效应[M]//李清波,戴金星,刘如琦,等.现代地质学研究文集(上).南京:南京大学出版社,1992:1-8.
[12]贾承造.塔里木盆地构造特征与油气聚集规律[J].新疆石油地质,1999,20(3):177-183.
[13]许志琴,李思田,张建新,等.塔里木地块与古亚洲/特提斯构造体系的对接[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):1-22.
[14]李江海,潘文庆,蔡振忠,等.大陆盆地的聚敛—闭合过程研究:以塔里木盆地为例[J].地学前缘,2007,14(4):105-113.
[15]李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,等.南天山区域大地构造与演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):96-106.
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