阿尔金南斜坡东段鼻状构造带构造演化特征及找气方向
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摘要
2011年,中国石油青海油田公司在东坪构造上钻探东坪1井,于古新统—始新统路乐河组砂砾岩中钻获工业气流,证实柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡东段鼻状构造带存在油气资源。为寻找下一步的油气勘探重点区块,利用最新处理的地震资料及钻井数据,剖析了该区的地质结构,将鼻状构造带自造山带向盆地中央方向划分为4个部分(依次为山前高位断阶带,中部斜坡区,低位扭动隆起区和深部凹陷区),这4个部分彼此分开,却又相互关联。在此基础上,根据区域地质资料及构造应力场变化情况,将鼻状构造带自新生代以来的构造演化分为以下3期:①喜马拉雅早期(K—N1末),由于构造反转及右行压扭走滑运动,形成Ⅰ期北西向断裂,控制了深凹陷与古隆起的展布;②喜马拉雅中期(N21—N23),阿尔金断裂转为左行压扭走滑运动,形成Ⅱ期北东向断裂,发育低位扭动隆起;③喜马拉雅晚期(N23末—Q),阿尔金断裂发生强烈逆冲推覆,形成Ⅲ期平行于山前的叠瓦逆冲断层,并产生高位断阶及中部斜坡。最后,通过对生储盖组合和成藏条件的分析,指出该区高位断阶带和低位扭动隆起区为下一步油气勘探的有利区带。
In 2011,industrial gas flow in the Paleocene-Eocene Lulehe Formation was obtained in the exploratory well Dongping-1 on the Dongping structure drilled by Petrochina Qinghai Oilfield Company,and this verifies the oil/gas potential of the nose-like structural belt in the eastern part of south Altun slope in the Qaidam Basin.In order to identify key target areas for future exploration,the newly processed seismic data and drilling information were used to analyze the geologic structure in this study area.The nose-like structure belt was divided into 4 zones from the orogenic belt to the center of this basin,namely piedmont high fault terrace zone,middle slope zone,low wrench uplift zone and deep depressed zone.Based on the regional geologic data and tectonic stress field variation,the evolution of the nose-like structure zone since the Cenozoic was divided into 3 periods.First,during the Early Himalayan Tectonic Period(from K to the end of N1),the tectonic inversion and right-lateral compress-shear strike slip resulted in the stage-Ⅰ NW-trending fault,which controlled the distribution of deep sags and paleo-uplifts.Second,during the Middle Himalayan Tectonic Period(from N21 to N23),the activity of the Altun fault was transformed into left lateral compress-shear strike slip,resulting in the formation of the stage-Ⅱ NE-trending fault and development of low wrench uplift.Third,during the Late Himalayan Tectonic Period(from the end of N23 to Q),the Altun fault experienced strong overthrusting,leading to the formation of the stage-Ⅲ imbricated thrust in parallel to the piedmont as well as the high fault terrace and middle slope.In the end,the analysis of source-reservoir-cap combination and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions reveal that the high fault terrace zone and low wrench uplift zone are favorable target areas for future exploration.
In 2011,industrial gas flow in the Paleocene-Eocene Lulehe Formation was obtained in the exploratory well Dongping-1 on the Dongping structure drilled by Petrochina Qinghai Oilfield Company,and this verifies the oil/gas potential of the nose-like structural belt in the eastern part of south Altun slope in the Qaidam Basin.In order to identify key target areas for future exploration,the newly processed seismic data and drilling information were used to analyze the geologic structure in this study area.The nose-like structure belt was divided into 4 zones from the orogenic belt to the center of this basin,namely piedmont high fault terrace zone,middle slope zone,low wrench uplift zone and deep depressed zone.Based on the regional geologic data and tectonic stress field variation,the evolution of the nose-like structure zone since the Cenozoic was divided into 3 periods.First,during the Early Himalayan Tectonic Period(from K to the end of N1),the tectonic inversion and right-lateral compress-shear strike slip resulted in the stage-Ⅰ NW-trending fault,which controlled the distribution of deep sags and paleo-uplifts.Second,during the Middle Himalayan Tectonic Period(from N21 to N23),the activity of the Altun fault was transformed into left lateral compress-shear strike slip,resulting in the formation of the stage-Ⅱ NE-trending fault and development of low wrench uplift.Third,during the Late Himalayan Tectonic Period(from the end of N23 to Q),the Altun fault experienced strong overthrusting,leading to the formation of the stage-Ⅲ imbricated thrust in parallel to the piedmont as well as the high fault terrace and middle slope.In the end,the analysis of source-reservoir-cap combination and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions reveal that the high fault terrace zone and low wrench uplift zone are favorable target areas for future exploration.
引文
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[9]崔军文.南阿尔金断裂的韧性剪切作用时代及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2011,27(11):3422-3434.CUI Junwen.Ductile shearing age of the south Altyn faultand its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(11):3422-3434.
[10]刘志宏,王芃,沙茜,等.柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡带构造特征与阿尔金断裂形成时间讨论——以月牙山地区为例[J].地质学报,2010,84(9):1275-1282.LIU Zhihong,WANG Peng,SHA Qian,et al.Structuralfeatures of Altyn slope zone and formation timing of Altynfault in Qaidam Basin,taking the Yueyashan area for ex-ample[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(9):1275-1282.
[11]陈袁,牟中海,马达德,等.柴达木盆地西部地区盆山接触关系研究[J].断块油气田,2012,19(5):414-417.CHEN Yuan,MOU Zhonghai,MA Dade,et al.Study onbasin-monutain contact pattern in western Qaidam Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(4):414-417.
[12]刘永顺,于海峰,辛后田,等.阿尔金山地区构造单元划分和前寒武纪重要地质事件[J].地质通报,2009,28(10):1430-1438.LIU Yongshun,YU Haifeng,XIN Houtian,et al.Tec-tonic units division and Precambrian significant geologicalevents in Altun Tagh mountain,China[J].Geological Bul-letin of China,2009,28(10):1430-1438.
[13]钟建华,尹成明,段洪亮,等.柴西阿尔金山南缘中生界古流特征[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):20-26.ZHONG Jianhua,YIN Chengming,DUAN Hongliang,et al.Mesozoic paleocurrent properties in the southernedge of Altun mountain in the western Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):20-26.
[14]王力,金强,林腊梅,等.柴达木盆地西部古近系—新近系优质烃源岩特征[J].天然气工业,2009,29(2):23-26.WANG Li,JIN Qiang,LIN Lamei,et al.Characteristicsof quality Tertiary source rocks in west Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(2):23-26.
[2]任收麦,葛肖虹,刘永江.阿尔金断裂研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(3):386-390.REN Shoumai,GE Xiaohong,LIU Yongjiang.Researchprogress of Altyn fault[J].Advances in Earth Science,2003,18(3):386-390.
[3]刘海涛,马立祥,葛肖虹,等.阿尔金断裂的研究现状及其控油意义[J].西安石油学院学报:自然科学版,2003,18(6):5-8.LIU Haitao,MA Lixiang,GE Xiaohong,et al.Status ofthe research of Aerjin fault and its control effect of petrole-um[J].Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute:Natural Sci-ence Edition,2003,18(6):5-8.
[4]伍跃中,李荣社,王战,等.阿尔金山各边界断裂的归属性[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2007,32(5):662-670.WU Yuezhong,LI Rongshe,WANG Zhan,et al.The at-tribution of Altyn marginal faults[J].Earth Science-Jour-nal of China University of Geosciences,2007,32(5):662-670.
[5]陈正乐,宫红良,李丽,等.阿尔金山脉新生代隆升—剥露过程[J].地学前缘,2006,13(4):94-102.CHEN Zhengle,GONG Hongliang,LI Li,et al.Cenozoicuplifting and exhumation process of the Altyn Taghmountains[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(4):94-102.
[6]黄立功,钟建华,郭泽清,等.阿尔金造山带中、新生代的演化[J].地球学报,2004,25(3):287-294.HUANG Ligong,ZHONG Jianhua,GUO Zeqing,et al.Evolution of the Altun orogenic belt in the Mesozoic andCenozoic[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2004,25(3):287-294.
[7]任丽华,林承焰,汪立群,等.碱山构造新近系气藏特征及天然气聚集主控因素[J].天然气工业,2009,29(11):27-29.REN Lihua,LIN Chengyan,WANG Liqun,et al.Charac-teristics and major controlling factors of the Neogene low-efficiency gas reservoirs in the Jianshan structure[J].Natu-ral Gas Industry,2009,29(11):27-29.
[8]易定红,曹正林,裴明利,等.柴西阿尔金斜坡古近纪和新近纪沉积演化特征[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):474-476.YI Dinghong,CAO Zhenglin,PEI Mingli,et al.Charac-teristics of sedimentary evolution of Paleogene and Neogenein Altun slope in western Qaidam Basin[J].Xinjiang Petro-leum Geology,2010,31(5):474-476.
[9]崔军文.南阿尔金断裂的韧性剪切作用时代及其构造意义[J].岩石学报,2011,27(11):3422-3434.CUI Junwen.Ductile shearing age of the south Altyn faultand its tectonic implications[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(11):3422-3434.
[10]刘志宏,王芃,沙茜,等.柴达木盆地阿尔金斜坡带构造特征与阿尔金断裂形成时间讨论——以月牙山地区为例[J].地质学报,2010,84(9):1275-1282.LIU Zhihong,WANG Peng,SHA Qian,et al.Structuralfeatures of Altyn slope zone and formation timing of Altynfault in Qaidam Basin,taking the Yueyashan area for ex-ample[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(9):1275-1282.
[11]陈袁,牟中海,马达德,等.柴达木盆地西部地区盆山接触关系研究[J].断块油气田,2012,19(5):414-417.CHEN Yuan,MOU Zhonghai,MA Dade,et al.Study onbasin-monutain contact pattern in western Qaidam Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2012,19(4):414-417.
[12]刘永顺,于海峰,辛后田,等.阿尔金山地区构造单元划分和前寒武纪重要地质事件[J].地质通报,2009,28(10):1430-1438.LIU Yongshun,YU Haifeng,XIN Houtian,et al.Tec-tonic units division and Precambrian significant geologicalevents in Altun Tagh mountain,China[J].Geological Bul-letin of China,2009,28(10):1430-1438.
[13]钟建华,尹成明,段洪亮,等.柴西阿尔金山南缘中生界古流特征[J].石油学报,2006,27(2):20-26.ZHONG Jianhua,YIN Chengming,DUAN Hongliang,et al.Mesozoic paleocurrent properties in the southernedge of Altun mountain in the western Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(2):20-26.
[14]王力,金强,林腊梅,等.柴达木盆地西部古近系—新近系优质烃源岩特征[J].天然气工业,2009,29(2):23-26.WANG Li,JIN Qiang,LIN Lamei,et al.Characteristicsof quality Tertiary source rocks in west Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(2):23-26.
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