塔里木盆地塔北隆起英买2号背斜的成因机制与构造模型
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摘要
英买力低凸起位于塔北隆起西部,是重要的含油气区域。英买2号背斜的研究与认识对于揭示区域构造演化及南部多个内幕型碳酸盐岩背斜的成因机制具有重要意义。本文运用断层相关褶皱原理及平衡剖面等方法,对英买2号背斜的地震剖面进行解释及复原。研究表明,英买2号背斜为固定翼长的滑脱褶皱,滑脱面位于中寒武统下部塑性层中,背斜演化经历了宽缓斜坡、起伏南倾、构造逆冲、稳定沉降掩埋和调整改造等5个阶段。背斜开始隆升时间为奥陶纪末期,地层缩短量为400~700 m,在海西末期隆升后遭受严重剥蚀,后期发育具传播性质的断层,伴有2期生长构造发育,背斜的前翼发生翼部旋转,发育生长三角,后翼有上超现象,体现了不同时期沉积速率的变化,也反映了后期构造活动的阶段性与持续性。
Yingmaili low uplift is very important oil and gas exploration area.Our research results contribute to understanding the tectonic evolution process in this area and the formation mechanism of several carbonate uplifts in the southern.In this paper,the fine interpretations of seismic profiles and section reconstruction in Yingmai 2 work district have been accomplished with the application of fault-related folding geometry principles and balanced section technique.Studies show that Yingmai 2 anticline is a detachment fold,the limb length of which keeps constant when the anticline is growing.The evolution process of anticline can be summarized as 5 stages:flat envelope gradient;slopes northward;tectonic thrusting;settlement developing;adjustment and reconstruction.The uplifting process began in Late Ordovician and the stratawere shortened between 400 ~ 700 meters,the detachment surface of anticline lies in the bottom of Middle Cambrian series.Uplifted and denuded in the Late Hercynian Epoch,the anticline had been thrusted by the fault,which controlled the multi-stage growth strata.The flank of anticline growth strata has the character of limb rotation and the other has the character of onlap,which shows that the anticline had experienced different sedimentary rates and sustained tectonic activities.
Yingmaili low uplift is very important oil and gas exploration area.Our research results contribute to understanding the tectonic evolution process in this area and the formation mechanism of several carbonate uplifts in the southern.In this paper,the fine interpretations of seismic profiles and section reconstruction in Yingmai 2 work district have been accomplished with the application of fault-related folding geometry principles and balanced section technique.Studies show that Yingmai 2 anticline is a detachment fold,the limb length of which keeps constant when the anticline is growing.The evolution process of anticline can be summarized as 5 stages:flat envelope gradient;slopes northward;tectonic thrusting;settlement developing;adjustment and reconstruction.The uplifting process began in Late Ordovician and the stratawere shortened between 400 ~ 700 meters,the detachment surface of anticline lies in the bottom of Middle Cambrian series.Uplifted and denuded in the Late Hercynian Epoch,the anticline had been thrusted by the fault,which controlled the multi-stage growth strata.The flank of anticline growth strata has the character of limb rotation and the other has the character of onlap,which shows that the anticline had experienced different sedimentary rates and sustained tectonic activities.
引文
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何登发,周新源,张朝军等.2007.塔里木地区奥陶纪原型盆地类型及其演化.科学通报,52(增刊):126-135.He Dengfa.Zhou Xinyuan,Zhang Chaojun et al.2007.The prototypes and itsevolution of Ordovician Tarim Basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,52(suppl.):126—135.
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张朝军,王长勋,罗秀羽等.2008.塔里木盆地英买力凸起南部寒武系褶皱的地质属性及其油气成藏条件分析.地学前缘,15(5):349-356.Zhang Chaojun,Wang Changxun,Luo Xiuyu et al.2008.Geological attributes and conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation of Cambrian folds in the southern Yingmaili swell,Tarim Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,15(5);349-356.
张光亚,赵文智,王红军等.2007.塔里木盆地多旋回构造演化与复合含油气系统.石油与天然气地质,28(5):653-662.
Zhang Guangya,Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Hongjun et al.2007.Multi-cycle tectonic evolution and composite petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin.Oil and Gas Geology,28(5):653-662.
Dahlstrom C D A.1990.Geometric constraints derived form the law of conservation volume and applied to evolutionary models for detachment folding.AAPG Bulletin,74(3):336-344.
Epard J L and Groshong R H.1993.Excess area and depth to detachment.AAPG Bulletin,77(8):1291-1302.
Homza Y X and Wallace W K.1995.Geometric and kinematic models for detachment folds with fixed and variable detachment depth.Journal of Structural Geology,17(4);575-588.
Jamison W R.1987.Geometric analysis of fold development in over thrust terranes.Journal of Structural Geology,9(2);207-219.
Mitra S.1990.Fault-propagation folds:Geometry,kinematic evolution,and hydrocarbon traps.AAPG Bulletin,74(6):921-945.
Mosar J and Supper J.1992.Role of shear in fault-propagation folding.In:McClay K R(Ed.).Thrust Tectonics.London;Chapman and Hall.123-132.
Poblet J and McClay K.1996.Geometry and kinematics of single-layer detachment folds.AAPG Bulletin,80(7):1085-1109.
Poblet J,McClay K,Storti F et al.1997.Geometries of syntectonic sediments associated with single-layer detachment folds.Journal of Structural Geology,19(3-4):369-381.
Storti F and Poblet J.1997.Growth stratal architectures associated to decollement folds and fault-propagation folds;Inferences on fold kinematics.Tectonic physics,282(1-4):353-373.
Suppe J and Medwedeff D A.1984.Fault-propagation folding.Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,16:670.
Suppe J.1985.Principles of Structural Geology.New Jersey:Prentice Hall.1-537.
Suppe J and Medwedeff D A.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3):409-154.
高志前,樊太亮,焦志峰.2006.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地样式及其沉积响应特征.沉积学报,24(1):19-27.Gao Zhiqian,Fan Tailiang and Jiao Zhifeng.2006.The structural types and depositional characteristics of carbonate platform in the Cambrian-Ordovician of Tarim Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(1):19—27.
何登发,周新源,张朝军等.2007.塔里木地区奥陶纪原型盆地类型及其演化.科学通报,52(增刊):126-135.He Dengfa.Zhou Xinyuan,Zhang Chaojun et al.2007.The prototypes and itsevolution of Ordovician Tarim Basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,52(suppl.):126—135.
汤良杰.1996.塔里木盆地演化与构造样式.北京:地质出版社.1-136.Tang Liangjie.1996.Evolution and Tectonic Patterns of Tarim Basin.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1—136.
汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造等.2004.塔里木盆地多期盐构造与油气聚集.中国科学(D辑),34(增刊1):89-97.Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Jia Chengzao et al.2004.Multi-periods salt tectonics and hydrocarbon accumulation of Tarim Basin.Science in China(Series D),34(suppl.1):89—97.
张朝军,王长勋,罗秀羽等.2008.塔里木盆地英买力凸起南部寒武系褶皱的地质属性及其油气成藏条件分析.地学前缘,15(5):349-356.Zhang Chaojun,Wang Changxun,Luo Xiuyu et al.2008.Geological attributes and conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation of Cambrian folds in the southern Yingmaili swell,Tarim Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,15(5);349-356.
张光亚,赵文智,王红军等.2007.塔里木盆地多旋回构造演化与复合含油气系统.石油与天然气地质,28(5):653-662.
Zhang Guangya,Zhao Wenzhi,Wang Hongjun et al.2007.Multi-cycle tectonic evolution and composite petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin.Oil and Gas Geology,28(5):653-662.
Dahlstrom C D A.1990.Geometric constraints derived form the law of conservation volume and applied to evolutionary models for detachment folding.AAPG Bulletin,74(3):336-344.
Epard J L and Groshong R H.1993.Excess area and depth to detachment.AAPG Bulletin,77(8):1291-1302.
Homza Y X and Wallace W K.1995.Geometric and kinematic models for detachment folds with fixed and variable detachment depth.Journal of Structural Geology,17(4);575-588.
Jamison W R.1987.Geometric analysis of fold development in over thrust terranes.Journal of Structural Geology,9(2);207-219.
Mitra S.1990.Fault-propagation folds:Geometry,kinematic evolution,and hydrocarbon traps.AAPG Bulletin,74(6):921-945.
Mosar J and Supper J.1992.Role of shear in fault-propagation folding.In:McClay K R(Ed.).Thrust Tectonics.London;Chapman and Hall.123-132.
Poblet J and McClay K.1996.Geometry and kinematics of single-layer detachment folds.AAPG Bulletin,80(7):1085-1109.
Poblet J,McClay K,Storti F et al.1997.Geometries of syntectonic sediments associated with single-layer detachment folds.Journal of Structural Geology,19(3-4):369-381.
Storti F and Poblet J.1997.Growth stratal architectures associated to decollement folds and fault-propagation folds;Inferences on fold kinematics.Tectonic physics,282(1-4):353-373.
Suppe J and Medwedeff D A.1984.Fault-propagation folding.Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,16:670.
Suppe J.1985.Principles of Structural Geology.New Jersey:Prentice Hall.1-537.
Suppe J and Medwedeff D A.1990.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding.Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae,83(3):409-154.
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