塔里木盆地沙雅隆起形成演化与油气分布规律
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摘要
沙雅隆起是塔里木盆地重要的油气聚集单元,有关隆起结构、演化及其对油气藏控制的认识始终存在争议。本文通过全区钻井资料的分析和地震资料解释,进行了地质编图,对复杂油气藏分布规律和控制因素进行了解剖,明确了关键构造事件和隆起的演化特征。研究证实,隆起经历了寒武纪-奥陶纪沉积古隆起、志留纪-白垩纪构造古隆起和新生代埋藏古隆起三大演化阶段,发生了多期构造事件,形成了多个不整合面。志留系沉积前的构造事件导致了雅克拉断凸的形成,断凸区成为志留系的物源区。东河砂岩-石炭系沉积前的构造事件在隆起南部形成了英买力、哈拉哈唐、阿克库勒、草湖等背、向斜,形成了凹、凸结构,并形成了近南北向、北东向、北西向和东西向的断裂。古近纪的弱伸展-剪切作用导致了老断层的重新活动,在盆地浅层形成了一系列雁列构造,使隆起复杂化。新近纪以来的翘倾作用导致了隆起区三叠系以来的地层向北倾伏。隆起的南北分带和纵向分层特征控制了油气的分布,形成了两个油气聚集带、一个油气聚集区。纵向上形成了深部与碳酸盐岩地层相关油气藏和浅层与断裂、低幅度构造、地层不整合、岩性等相关的油气藏。浅层油气藏一般位于深层碳酸盐岩大型油气藏的上部,为次生油气藏。油气藏的形成除了受烃源岩分布、断裂、褶皱、隆起、不整合等因素控制外,碳酸盐岩岩性的溶蚀性差异也导致了油气成藏的复杂性。
The Shaya Uplift is an important oil and gas accumulation unit in the Tarim Basin.There is controversy on the tectonic evolution and factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation.In this paper,remnant strata distribution of the pre-Carboniferous is identified by the analysis of drilling cores and seismic data.The key tectonic event and uplift evolution are confirmed.The complex oil and gas reservoir distribution and its control factors are discussed.The uplift experienced many tectonic events and formed multiple strata unconformities.There are different tectonic characteristics in different evolution stages.There are a sedimentary Palaeo-high during Cambrian-Ordovician,a tectonic Palaeo-high during Silurian-Cretaceous and a buried Palaeo-high during Cenozoic.The Yakela faulted convex was formed by pre-Silurian tectonic events,and became the sedimentary material source during Silurian.Yingmaili anticline,Halahatang syncline,Akekule anticline,and Caohu syncline are formed in the early Hercynian accompanied by SN,EW,NW,NE-trending faults.A weak stretch and shear tectonism led to the re-activity of the pre-faults in Paleogene and a series of en echelon faults forms in the upper strata along pre-faults.The Eogene tectonism led to the Mesozoic tendency reverse.Buried after Cretaceous,the Shaya Uplift is located in the slope area of the Tarim Cenozoic basin.The Shaya Uplift structure controlled the accumulation and distribution of the oil and gas.Two oil and gas accumulation zones formed along the Tiergen North-Yaha-Dayouertusi-Yangtake fault belts and Luntai-Yakela-Donghetang-Hongqi fault belts.In the south of the Shaya Uplift,it is a regional hydrocarbon accumulation area.There are deep and shallow oil and gas reservoirs in this area.The deep oil and gas reservoirs formed in the carbonate formations and secondary hydrocarbon reservoirs formed in the clastic rocks.The secondary hydrocarbon reservoirs are generally located above the large oil and gas reservoirs hosted in the carbonate.The oil and gas accumulation is controlled by the faults fractures,folds and unconformities.The dissolution difference of carbonate rocks led to the oil and gas reservoir complexity.
The Shaya Uplift is an important oil and gas accumulation unit in the Tarim Basin.There is controversy on the tectonic evolution and factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation.In this paper,remnant strata distribution of the pre-Carboniferous is identified by the analysis of drilling cores and seismic data.The key tectonic event and uplift evolution are confirmed.The complex oil and gas reservoir distribution and its control factors are discussed.The uplift experienced many tectonic events and formed multiple strata unconformities.There are different tectonic characteristics in different evolution stages.There are a sedimentary Palaeo-high during Cambrian-Ordovician,a tectonic Palaeo-high during Silurian-Cretaceous and a buried Palaeo-high during Cenozoic.The Yakela faulted convex was formed by pre-Silurian tectonic events,and became the sedimentary material source during Silurian.Yingmaili anticline,Halahatang syncline,Akekule anticline,and Caohu syncline are formed in the early Hercynian accompanied by SN,EW,NW,NE-trending faults.A weak stretch and shear tectonism led to the re-activity of the pre-faults in Paleogene and a series of en echelon faults forms in the upper strata along pre-faults.The Eogene tectonism led to the Mesozoic tendency reverse.Buried after Cretaceous,the Shaya Uplift is located in the slope area of the Tarim Cenozoic basin.The Shaya Uplift structure controlled the accumulation and distribution of the oil and gas.Two oil and gas accumulation zones formed along the Tiergen North-Yaha-Dayouertusi-Yangtake fault belts and Luntai-Yakela-Donghetang-Hongqi fault belts.In the south of the Shaya Uplift,it is a regional hydrocarbon accumulation area.There are deep and shallow oil and gas reservoirs in this area.The deep oil and gas reservoirs formed in the carbonate formations and secondary hydrocarbon reservoirs formed in the clastic rocks.The secondary hydrocarbon reservoirs are generally located above the large oil and gas reservoirs hosted in the carbonate.The oil and gas accumulation is controlled by the faults fractures,folds and unconformities.The dissolution difference of carbonate rocks led to the oil and gas reservoir complexity.
引文
艾华国,兰林英.1996.塔里木盆地前石炭系顶面不整合面特征及其控油作用.石油实验地质,18(1):1-12.
安海亭,李海银,王建忠,都小芳.2009.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):142-147.
陈沛,赵学钦,薛小红,杨海军,杨栓荣,余新启.2008.轮古7区块奥陶系中下统沉积储层研究.断块油气田,15(3):27-30.
崔海峰,滕团余,郑多明,董雪华.2009.英买力-牙哈地区碳酸盐岩潜山的油气成藏模式.高校地质学报,15(1):100-107.
韩庆之,张佑廷.1998.碳酸盐岩可溶性室内研究.地质科技情报,17(Sup.2):101-105.
何登发.2002.不整合面的结构与油气聚集.石油勘探与开发,34(2):142-149.
何发岐.2002.碳酸盐岩地层中不整合-岩溶风化壳油气田——以塔里木盆地塔河油田为例.地质论评,48(4):391-397.
何治亮,彭守涛,张涛.2010.塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系储层形成的控制因素与复合–联合成因机制.石油与天然气地质,31(6):743-752.
胡剑风,蔡振忠,马青,李建军,黄龙藏,李保华.2007.塔里木盆地轮古东奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征与主控因素.石油与天然气地质,28(6):776-783.
贾承造.1997.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社:1-425.林忠民.2002.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件.石油学报,23(3):23-26.
刘池洋.1996.后期改造强烈——中国沉积盆地的重要特点之一.石油与天然气地质,17(4):255-261.
刘池洋,赵重远,杨兴科.2000.活动性强,深部作用活跃——中国沉积盆地的两个重要特点.石油与天然气地质,21(1):1-6.
刘池洋,赵红格,杨兴科,陈建军.2003.油气晚期-超晚期成藏定位——中国含油气盆地的重要特点//中国工程院,环太平洋能源和矿产资源理事会,中国石油学会.21世纪中国暨国际油气勘探展望.北京:中国石化出版社:57-60.
刘池洋,赵红格,张参,王建强.2009.青藏-喜马拉雅构造域演化的转折时期.地学前缘,16(4):1-12.
刘静江,刘慧荣,谭琳,张春莲.2004.塔里木盆地轮南奥陶系古潜山油气成藏与分布.地质科学,39(4):532-542.
刘学锋,彭德堂,刘绍平,钟广法,万里皋,时卫东.1996.塔北隆起构造格架及其成因.江汉石油学报,18(4):26-30.
卢西亚F J.2010.碳酸盐岩储层表征(第二版).夏义平译.北京:石油工业出版社:122-146.
吕修祥,周新源,李建交,王清华,杨宁.2007.塔里木盆地塔北隆起碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点.地质学报,81(8):1057-1064.
钱海涛,谭朝爽,王思敬.2008.多层状碳酸盐岩岩溶发育基本模式及其在水利工程中的应用实例.中国岩溶,27(2):129-138.
吴东胜,张玉清,刘少华,何幼斌,刘学锋.2006.塔里木盆地轮古西潜山油气运聚及分布机理.石油学报,27(5):41-45.
吴亚军,张守安,艾华国.1998.塔里木盆地不整合类型及其与油气藏的关系.新疆石油地质,19(2):101-105.
吴欣松,魏建新,昌建波,韩剑发.2009.碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层预测的难点与对策.中国石油大学学报,33(6):16-21.
邬光辉,张宝收,郭春利,王成林,高辉.2009a.塔里木盆地北部志留系碎屑锆石测年及其地质意义.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):418-426.
邬光辉,李启明,肖中尧,李洪辉,张立平,张现军.2009b.塔里木盆地古隆起演化特征及油气勘探.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):124-130.
叶德胜,高国强.1992.塔里木盆地北部雅克拉凝析气田的扩散量及其地质意义.石油勘探与开发,19(3):1-5.
张克银,杨克明,艾华国,兰林英.1996.塔里木盆地T5 0面对油气运移作用的探讨.新疆石油地质,17(3):225-229.
张涛,闫相宾.2007.塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层主控因素探讨.石油与天然气地质,28(6):745-754.
赵靖舟,王清华,时保宏,秦胜飞,刘洪军,杨斌谊,曹青.2007.塔里木古生界克拉通盆地海相油气富集规律与古隆起控油气论.石油与天然气地质,28(6):703-712.
赵宗举,潘文庆,张丽娟,邓胜徽,黄智斌.2009.塔里木盆地奥陶系层序地层格架.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):175-188.
Engel A S and Randall K W.2011.Experimental evidence for microbially mediated carbonate dissolution from the saline water zone of the edwards aquifer,central Texas.Geomicrobiology Journal,28:313–327
Plan L.2005.Factors controlling carbonate dissolution rates quantified in a field test in the Austrian alps.Geomorphology,68:201–212
安海亭,李海银,王建忠,都小芳.2009.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):142-147.
陈沛,赵学钦,薛小红,杨海军,杨栓荣,余新启.2008.轮古7区块奥陶系中下统沉积储层研究.断块油气田,15(3):27-30.
崔海峰,滕团余,郑多明,董雪华.2009.英买力-牙哈地区碳酸盐岩潜山的油气成藏模式.高校地质学报,15(1):100-107.
韩庆之,张佑廷.1998.碳酸盐岩可溶性室内研究.地质科技情报,17(Sup.2):101-105.
何登发.2002.不整合面的结构与油气聚集.石油勘探与开发,34(2):142-149.
何发岐.2002.碳酸盐岩地层中不整合-岩溶风化壳油气田——以塔里木盆地塔河油田为例.地质论评,48(4):391-397.
何治亮,彭守涛,张涛.2010.塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系储层形成的控制因素与复合–联合成因机制.石油与天然气地质,31(6):743-752.
胡剑风,蔡振忠,马青,李建军,黄龙藏,李保华.2007.塔里木盆地轮古东奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征与主控因素.石油与天然气地质,28(6):776-783.
贾承造.1997.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社:1-425.林忠民.2002.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及成藏条件.石油学报,23(3):23-26.
刘池洋.1996.后期改造强烈——中国沉积盆地的重要特点之一.石油与天然气地质,17(4):255-261.
刘池洋,赵重远,杨兴科.2000.活动性强,深部作用活跃——中国沉积盆地的两个重要特点.石油与天然气地质,21(1):1-6.
刘池洋,赵红格,杨兴科,陈建军.2003.油气晚期-超晚期成藏定位——中国含油气盆地的重要特点//中国工程院,环太平洋能源和矿产资源理事会,中国石油学会.21世纪中国暨国际油气勘探展望.北京:中国石化出版社:57-60.
刘池洋,赵红格,张参,王建强.2009.青藏-喜马拉雅构造域演化的转折时期.地学前缘,16(4):1-12.
刘静江,刘慧荣,谭琳,张春莲.2004.塔里木盆地轮南奥陶系古潜山油气成藏与分布.地质科学,39(4):532-542.
刘学锋,彭德堂,刘绍平,钟广法,万里皋,时卫东.1996.塔北隆起构造格架及其成因.江汉石油学报,18(4):26-30.
卢西亚F J.2010.碳酸盐岩储层表征(第二版).夏义平译.北京:石油工业出版社:122-146.
吕修祥,周新源,李建交,王清华,杨宁.2007.塔里木盆地塔北隆起碳酸盐岩油气成藏特点.地质学报,81(8):1057-1064.
钱海涛,谭朝爽,王思敬.2008.多层状碳酸盐岩岩溶发育基本模式及其在水利工程中的应用实例.中国岩溶,27(2):129-138.
吴东胜,张玉清,刘少华,何幼斌,刘学锋.2006.塔里木盆地轮古西潜山油气运聚及分布机理.石油学报,27(5):41-45.
吴亚军,张守安,艾华国.1998.塔里木盆地不整合类型及其与油气藏的关系.新疆石油地质,19(2):101-105.
吴欣松,魏建新,昌建波,韩剑发.2009.碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层预测的难点与对策.中国石油大学学报,33(6):16-21.
邬光辉,张宝收,郭春利,王成林,高辉.2009a.塔里木盆地北部志留系碎屑锆石测年及其地质意义.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):418-426.
邬光辉,李启明,肖中尧,李洪辉,张立平,张现军.2009b.塔里木盆地古隆起演化特征及油气勘探.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):124-130.
叶德胜,高国强.1992.塔里木盆地北部雅克拉凝析气田的扩散量及其地质意义.石油勘探与开发,19(3):1-5.
张克银,杨克明,艾华国,兰林英.1996.塔里木盆地T5 0面对油气运移作用的探讨.新疆石油地质,17(3):225-229.
张涛,闫相宾.2007.塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层主控因素探讨.石油与天然气地质,28(6):745-754.
赵靖舟,王清华,时保宏,秦胜飞,刘洪军,杨斌谊,曹青.2007.塔里木古生界克拉通盆地海相油气富集规律与古隆起控油气论.石油与天然气地质,28(6):703-712.
赵宗举,潘文庆,张丽娟,邓胜徽,黄智斌.2009.塔里木盆地奥陶系层序地层格架.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):175-188.
Engel A S and Randall K W.2011.Experimental evidence for microbially mediated carbonate dissolution from the saline water zone of the edwards aquifer,central Texas.Geomicrobiology Journal,28:313–327
Plan L.2005.Factors controlling carbonate dissolution rates quantified in a field test in the Austrian alps.Geomorphology,68:201–212
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