南海北部琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系沉积演化
摘要
基于琼东南盆地二维和三维地震资料,对中央峡谷体系的形态特征和内部充填结构进行了描述和解剖,指出中央峡谷体系的"分段性"和"多期次性"特征。通过对该大型轴向峡谷体系在不同部位和不同演化阶段的差异性对比,结合晚中新世以来琼东南盆地构造—沉积条件的变化,将琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系的沉积演化划分为4个阶段,分别是晚中新世的峡谷蕴育阶段、上新世早期峡谷的侵蚀-充填阶段、上新世晚期峡谷的平静充填阶段和更新世以来峡谷的"回春"阶段。研究表明,晚中新世早期(11.6 Ma)盆地东部的区域性构造变革事件促使了峡谷雏形的形成;上新世早期西北部和北部充足的沉积物供给、南部隆起的遮挡和东部地貌特征等因素控制了中央峡谷体系自西向东的发育,并将该峡谷限制在琼东南盆地的中央坳陷带内;上新世晚期沉积条件的变化,导致峡谷只在盆地东部发育;更新世以来的气候因素和盆地东部的地貌特征共同控制了中央峡谷体系在更新世的"再次繁盛"。
In order to further understand the central canyon system(CCS) in Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),a large axial submarine canyon,the present study described and dissected morphological characteristics and internal architectures of the CCS based on 2D and 3D seismic data,and the result indicated that the CCS in QDNB can be characterized by "segmentation" and "multi-phases".Based on integrated comparisons and analyses of different segments and evolution phases of the CCS and combined with changes of tectonic-sedimentary conditions of QDNB,we could divide the sedimentary evolution of the CCS into 4 phases,i.e.an initial development phase in Late Miocene(11.6 Ma-5.7 Ma),an eroded-infilling phase in Early Pliocene(5.7 Ma-3.7 Ma),a tranquil infilling phase in Late Pliocene(3.7 Ma-1.81 Ma) and a rejuvenation phase since Pleistocene(since 1.81 Ma).The regional tectonic transformation at late Middle Miocene(11.6 Ma) initiated the formation of an axial sub-basin in the eastern QDNB,which can be regarded as a rudiment of the CCS.In Early Pliocene,abundant sediments supplied the basin from the northwestern and northern sources,and the limitation from the southern uplift belt and the geomorphology of the eastern QDNB would constrain the developing course of the CCS from west to east and confine the canyon within the central depression belt.Because of the lack of deposits during Late Pliocene,the CCS then only developed in the eastern QDNB.Climate factors,a distributary effect of the northern seamount and the topography of the eastern QDNB have co-controlled the development of the modern central canyon system since Pleistocene,which is called as a rejuvenation phase of the CCS.
In order to further understand the central canyon system(CCS) in Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB),a large axial submarine canyon,the present study described and dissected morphological characteristics and internal architectures of the CCS based on 2D and 3D seismic data,and the result indicated that the CCS in QDNB can be characterized by "segmentation" and "multi-phases".Based on integrated comparisons and analyses of different segments and evolution phases of the CCS and combined with changes of tectonic-sedimentary conditions of QDNB,we could divide the sedimentary evolution of the CCS into 4 phases,i.e.an initial development phase in Late Miocene(11.6 Ma-5.7 Ma),an eroded-infilling phase in Early Pliocene(5.7 Ma-3.7 Ma),a tranquil infilling phase in Late Pliocene(3.7 Ma-1.81 Ma) and a rejuvenation phase since Pleistocene(since 1.81 Ma).The regional tectonic transformation at late Middle Miocene(11.6 Ma) initiated the formation of an axial sub-basin in the eastern QDNB,which can be regarded as a rudiment of the CCS.In Early Pliocene,abundant sediments supplied the basin from the northwestern and northern sources,and the limitation from the southern uplift belt and the geomorphology of the eastern QDNB would constrain the developing course of the CCS from west to east and confine the canyon within the central depression belt.Because of the lack of deposits during Late Pliocene,the CCS then only developed in the eastern QDNB.Climate factors,a distributary effect of the northern seamount and the topography of the eastern QDNB have co-controlled the development of the modern central canyon system since Pleistocene,which is called as a rejuvenation phase of the CCS.
引文
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[2]Dailly P,Lowry P,Goh K,et al.Exploration and development ofCeiba Field,Rio Muni Basin,Southern Equatorial Guinea[J].TheLeading Edge,2002,21(11):1140-1146.
[3]Laursen J,Normark W R.Late Quaternary evolution of the SanAntonio submarine canyon in the central Chile forearc(～33°S)[J].Marine Geology,2002,188(3/4):365-390.
[4]Pettingill H S,Weimer P.Worldwide deep water exploration andproduction:past,present,and future[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(4):371-376.
[5]Gingele F X,Deckker P D,Hillenbrand C D.Late Quaternary ter-rigenous sediments from the Murray Canyons area,offshore SouthAustralia and their implications for sea level change,palaeoclimateand palaeodrainage of the Murray-Darling Basin[J].Marine Ge-ology,2004,212:183-197.
[6]Antobreh A A,Krastel S.Morphology seismic characteristics anddevelopment of Cap Timiris Canyon,offshore Mauritania:a new-ly discovered canyon preserved-off a major arid climatic region[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(1):37-59.
[7]朱伟林,张功成,高乐.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):1-9.Zhu Weilin,Zhang Gongcheng,Gao Le.Geological characteristicsand exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern conti-nental margin basin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):1-9.
[8]翟光明,王世洪,何文渊.近十年全球油气勘探热点趋向与启示[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):14-19.Zhai Guangming,Wang Shihong,He Wenyuan.Hotspot trendand enlightenment of global ten-year hydrocarbon exploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S1):14-19.
[9]袁圣强.南海北部陆坡区深水水道沉积体系研究[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2009.Yuan Shengqiang.Sedimentary system of deepwater channel,theslope area of Northern South China Sea[D].Qingdao:Institute ofOceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2009.
[10]苏明,李俊良,姜涛,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷的形态及成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):85-93.Su Ming,Li Junliang,Jiang Tao,et al.Morphological featuresand formation mechanism of central canyon in the QiongdongnanBasin,northern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quater-nary Geology,2009,29(4):85-93.
[11]Gong Chenglin,Wang Yingmin,Zhu Weilin,et al.The Central Sub-marine Canyon in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northwestern South ChinaSea:Architecture,sequence stratigraphy,and depositional processes[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2011,28(9):1690-1702.
[12]李冬,王英民,王永凤,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷深水天然堤-溢岸沉积[J].沉积学报,2011,29(4):689-694.Li Dong,Wang Yingmin,Wang Yongfeng,et al.The sedimentaryand foreground of prospect for levee-overbank in Central Can-yon,Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(4):689-694.
[13]龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地分析与油气聚集[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.Gong Zaisheng,Li Sitian,Xie Taijun,et al.Basin analysis and oil-gas accumulation on the northern continental margin of SouthChina Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.
[14]苏明,解习农,姜涛,等.琼东南盆地裂后期S40界面特征及其地质意义[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):886-894.Su Ming,Xie Xinong,Jiang Tao,et al.Characteristics of S40Boundary and its significance in Qiongdongnan Basin,northerncontinental margin of South China Sea[J].Earth Science:Journalof China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):886-894.
[15]Xie X N,Müller R D,Li S T,et al.Origin of anomalous subsid-ence along the northern South China Sea margin and its relation-ship to dynamic topography[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(7):745-765.
[16]王海荣,王英民,邱燕,等.南海北部陆坡的地貌形态及其控制因素[J].海洋学报,2008,30(2):70-79.Wang Hairong,Wang Yingmin,Qiu Yan,et al.Geomorphologyand its control of deep-water slope of the margin of the SouthChina Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2008,30(2):70-79.
[17]何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):118-122.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Li Junliang,et al.Depositional charac-teristics and controlling factors of continental slope system in theQiongdongnan Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology In-formation,2010,29(2):118-122.
[18]Popescu I,Lericolais G,Paninc N,et al.The Danube submarinecanyon(Black Sea):morphology and sedimentary processes[J].Marine Geology,2004,206:249-265.
[19]Ridente D,Foglini F,Minisini D,et al.Shelf-edge erosion,sedi-ment failure and inception of Bari Canyon on the SouthwesternAdriatic Margin(Central Mediterranean)[J].Marine Geology,2007,246:193-207.
[20]Tibor G,Niemi T M,Ben-Avraham Z,et al.Active tectonic mor-phology and submarine deformation of the northern Gulf ofEilat/Aqaba from analyses of multibeam data[J].Geo-marineLetter,2010,30(6):561-573.
[21]Chiang C S,Yu H S.Sedimentary erosive processes and sedimentdispersal in Kaoping submarine canyon[J].Science China:EarthSciences,2011,54(2):259-271.
[22]Mayall M,Stewart I.The architecture of turbidite slope channels[G]∥Weimer P,Slatt R M,Coleman J L,et al.Global deep-waterreservoirs:gulf coast section SEPM Foundation 20th Annual BobF Perkins Research Conference.Tulsa:SEPM,2000:578-586.
[23]何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,等.琼东南盆地深水块体流构成及其沉积特征[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):905-913.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Lu Yongchao,et al.Architecture andcharacteristics of Mass Transport Deposits(MTDs)in Qiongdong-nan Basin in Northern South China Sea[J].Earth Science:Jour-nal of China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):905-913.
[24]朱伟林,张功成,杨少坤,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地天然气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:1-391.Zhu Weilin,Zhang Gongcheng,Yang Shaokun,et al.The naturalgas geology in continental margin basin of the northern SouthChina Sea[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:1-391.
[25]Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone(Yunnan,China),tertiary transformboundary of Indochina[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251:3-10.
[26]Pisias N G,Moore T C Jr.The evolution of Pleistocene climate:atime series approach[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1981,52(2):450-458.
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