川中八角场构造大安寨段凝析气藏形成机制再认识
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摘要
八角场构造下侏罗统大安寨段凝析气藏是四川盆地中部地区目前发现的唯一规模较大的凝析气藏,研究其成藏机制对认识整个川中该段的成藏特征具有一定的指导意义。为此,根据天然气及原油的碳同位素特征,分析了大安寨段的油气成因;结合地震资料解释成果上断裂的展布以及大安寨段油气的分布特征,指出了八角场构造大安寨段凝析气藏的形成机制,进而探讨了天然气对大安寨段油气富集的影响。结果表明:①该构造靠近断裂的井,其天然气、原油的碳同位素值以及凝析油的轻烃特征异常,明显存在来自下部上三叠统须家河组天然气的侵入;②断裂的分布及规模控制着下部须家河组天然气混入的规模,大安寨段之所以能形成凝析气藏,在于存在断穿须家河组烃源岩与大安寨段储层的断裂,使须家河组天然气得以大量侵入,从而改变了大安寨段油藏的原始气油比,形成气侵型凝析气藏;③邻近的金华构造断裂规模较小,天然气侵入较少,仅在局部形成高气油比的油气井,而未形成凝析气藏;④天然气是川中大安寨段致密储层中石油运聚的主要动力,影响着低幅度无水致密储层中石油的富集程度及油井的产能。
The Da'anzhai condensate gas reservoir in the Bajiaochang structure is the only one large-scale condensate gas reservoir in Middle Sichuan Basin,so the study of its formation mechanism is of great significance to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon accumulation there.In view of this,according to carbon isotopic compositions of crude oil and natural gas,this paper studied the origins of hydrocarbons,analyzed the formation mechanism based on the distribution of faults and hydrocarbons,and finally discussed the influences of natural gas on the enrichment of hydrocarbons in this study area.The following results were obtained.(1)In those wells close to the faults,abnormal characteristics were presented from carbon isotopes of natural gas and crude oil as well as C4-C7 light hydrocarbons in condensates,which discloses that the gas obviously came from the underlying Upper Triassic Xujiahe Fm.(2)The intensity of such gas invasion is controlled by the distribution and size of faults.The formation of the condensate gas reservoir in the Bajiaochang structure benefited from the faults which connect the source rock of the Xujiahe Fm and the Da'anzhai reservoir.The resulted mass invasion of gas from the Xujiahe Fm into the Da'anzhai oil reservoir changed the original gas-oil ratio,so that a gas-invasion condensate gas reservoir was formed.(3)Comparatively,the gas invasion appears weak in the adjacent Jinhua structure with small-scale faults,where hydrocarbons were found with high gas-oil ratios instead of condensate gas in some wells.(4)Natural gas is the primary drive for the migration and accumulation of oil in the Da'anzhai tight reservoir,influencing oil enrichment degree and oil-well productivity of such a low amplitude water-free tight reservoir in this study area.
The Da'anzhai condensate gas reservoir in the Bajiaochang structure is the only one large-scale condensate gas reservoir in Middle Sichuan Basin,so the study of its formation mechanism is of great significance to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon accumulation there.In view of this,according to carbon isotopic compositions of crude oil and natural gas,this paper studied the origins of hydrocarbons,analyzed the formation mechanism based on the distribution of faults and hydrocarbons,and finally discussed the influences of natural gas on the enrichment of hydrocarbons in this study area.The following results were obtained.(1)In those wells close to the faults,abnormal characteristics were presented from carbon isotopes of natural gas and crude oil as well as C4-C7 light hydrocarbons in condensates,which discloses that the gas obviously came from the underlying Upper Triassic Xujiahe Fm.(2)The intensity of such gas invasion is controlled by the distribution and size of faults.The formation of the condensate gas reservoir in the Bajiaochang structure benefited from the faults which connect the source rock of the Xujiahe Fm and the Da'anzhai reservoir.The resulted mass invasion of gas from the Xujiahe Fm into the Da'anzhai oil reservoir changed the original gas-oil ratio,so that a gas-invasion condensate gas reservoir was formed.(3)Comparatively,the gas invasion appears weak in the adjacent Jinhua structure with small-scale faults,where hydrocarbons were found with high gas-oil ratios instead of condensate gas in some wells.(4)Natural gas is the primary drive for the migration and accumulation of oil in the Da'anzhai tight reservoir,influencing oil enrichment degree and oil-well productivity of such a low amplitude water-free tight reservoir in this study area.
引文
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[2]陈盛吉,万茂霞,杜敏,等.川中地区侏罗系油气源对比及烃源条件研究[J].天然气勘探与开发,2005,28(2):11-14.CHEN Shengji,WAN Maoxia,DU Min,et al.Jurassic oil-gas source correlation and hydrocarbon source condition in central Sichuan Region[J].Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2005,28(2):11-14.
[3]马德文,邱楠生,许威,等.四川盆地原油裂解气的有利地温场分布及其演化特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2012,34(2):49-56.MA Dewen,QIU Nansheng,XU Wei,et al.Distribution and evolution characteristic of favorable geothermal field for oil cracking gas in Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2012,34(2):49-56.
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[5]曾青高,龚昌明,李俊良,等.川中地区须家河组气藏勘探成果及潜力分析[J].天然气工业,2009,29(6):13-18.ZENG Qinggao,GONG Changming,LI Junliang,et al.Exploration achievements and potential analysis of gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation,central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(6):13-18.
[6]叶礼友,钟兵,熊伟,等.川中地区须家河组低渗透砂岩气藏储层综合评价方法[J].天然气工业,2012,32(11):43-46.YE Liyou,ZHONG Bing,XIONG Wei,et al.An integrated evaluation method of Xujiahe low permeability sandstone gas reservoirs in Middle Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(11):43-46.
[7]钟兵,杨洪志,徐伟,等.川中地区上三叠统须家河组气藏开发有利区评价与优选技术[J].天然气工业,2012,32(3):62-64.ZHONG Bing,YANG Hongzhi,XU Wei,et al.Assessment and optimization of the gas play fairways in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the Central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(3):62-64.
[8]赵汉清,韩耀文,熊应明.川中八角场大安寨凝析气藏储层特征[J].西南石油学院学报,1989,11(1):1-11.ZHAO Hangqing,HAN Yaowen,XIONG Yingming.Characteristics of condensate gas reservoir of Da’anzhai Formation in Bajiaochang[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,1989,11(1):1-11.
[9]李耀华.川中金华油田大安寨段介壳灰岩储集空间演化与油气关系[J].成都理工学院学报,1996,23(增刊1):42-49.LI Yaohua.Shell limestone reservoir space evolution and its significance in oil and gas of Da’anzhai member in Jinhua oil field,central Sichuan[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,1996,23(S1):42-49.
[10]戴金星,戚厚发,宋岩,等.我国煤层气组份、碳同位素类型及其成因和意义[J].中国科学:B辑化学,1986,16(12):1317-1326.Dai Jinxing,Qi Houfa,Song Yan,et al.Composition,carbon isotope characteristics and the origin of coal-bed gases in China and their implications[J].Science in China:Series B,1986,16(12):1317-1326.
[11]刚文哲,高岗,郝石生,等.论乙烷碳同位素在天然气成因类型研究中的应用[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):164-167.GANG Wenzhe,GAO Gang,HAO Shisheng,et al.Carbon isotopic of ethane applied in the analyses of genetic types of natural gas[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(2):164-167.
[12]戴金星,宋岩,程坤芳,等.中国含油气盆地有机烷烃气碳同位素特征[J].石油学报,1993,14(2):23-31.DAI Jinxing,SONG Yan,CHENG Kunfang,et al.Characteristics of carbon isotopes of organic alkane gases in petroliferous basins of China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(2):23-31.
[13]秦勇,吴艳艳,刘金钟,等.钼催化作用下的煤成烷烃气碳同位素演化[J].地球科学与环境学报,2012,34(3):1-6.QIN Yong,WU Yanyan,LIU Jinzhong,et al.Evolution of carbon isotope in coal-derived alkane gas under catalysis of molybdenum[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2012,34(3):1-6.
[14]戴金星,秦胜飞,陶士振,等.中国天然气工业发展趋势和天然气地学理论重要进展[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(2):127-142.DAI Jinxing,QIN Shengfei,TAO Shizhen,et al.Developing trends of natural gas industry and the significant progress on natural gas geological theories in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(2):127-142.
[15]吴小奇,黄士鹏,廖凤蓉,等.四川盆地须家河组及侏罗系煤成气碳同位素组成[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(4):418-427.WU Xiaoqi,HUANG Shipeng,LIAO Fengrong,et al.Carbon isotopic compositions of coal-derived gas in the Xujiahe Formation and Jurassic in the Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(4):418-427.
[16]赵文智,王红军,徐春春,等.川中地区须家河组天然气藏大范围成藏机理与富集条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(2):146-157.ZHAO Wenzhi,WANG Hongjun,XU Chunchun,et al.Reservoir-forming mechanism and enrichment conditions of the extensive Xujiahe Formation gas reservoirs,central Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(2):146-157.
[17]戴金星.天然气中烷烃气碳同位素研究的意义[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):1-6.DAI Jinxing.Significance of the study on carbon isotopes of alkane gases[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(12):1-6.
[18]THOMPSON K F G.Light hydrocarbons in subsurface sediments[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1979,43(5):657-672.
[19]THOMPSON K F G.Classification and thermal history of petroleum based on light hydrocarbons[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1983,47(2):307-316.
[20]王廷栋,王海清,李绍基,等.以凝析油轻烃和天然气碳同位素特征判断气源[J].西南石油学院学报,1989,11(3):1-15.WANG Tingdong,WANG Haiqing,LI Shaoji,et al.Identification of source of natural gases based on components of C4-C7light hydrocarbons in oils(condensates)and carbon isotopic characters of natural gases[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,1989,11(3):1-15.
[21]王顺玉,戴鸿鸣,王廷栋,等.气侵对油气分布规律的影响[J].天然气工业,1998,18(5):91-93.WANG Shunyu,DAI Hongming,WANG Tingdong,et al.The impact of gas cutting on oil-gas distribution[J].Natural Gas Industry,1998,18(5):91-93.
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