折射波层析成像在探测煤田陷落柱中的应用
|
摘要
在煤矿巷道内进行的地震勘探,主要利用反射波和槽波信息确定采区的断层、陷落柱等地质异常。也可用穿过煤层的初至波来进行层析成像,但效果较差,主要原因是其中包含折射波,并且是三维问题,不易进行层析成像。本文对初至波进行适当的校正,以满足层析成像的条件,探测陷落柱位置。在本文的研究中主要用到的方法和对层析成像的改进包括:初至折射波校正。根据折射波传播规律,用模拟退火法求得炮点延迟时和检波点延迟时,从而将初至折射波旅行时校正为炮点和检波点位于折射界面上的初至旅行时。在用快速推进法(Fast Marching Methods,FMM)进行射线追踪时进行了炮点网格加密处理,提高了反演的精度。在层析成像迭代过程中对模型进行了九点平滑处理,改善了层析成像的效果。本文研究的方法应用于某煤矿工作面井下巷道的地震勘探数据,层析成像结果显示能较好地确定工区内陷落柱的分布范围。
The geological anomalies of faults and collapse columns are mostly detected by the methods of reflection wave and channel wave when utilizing seismic exploration in the coal mine roadways.Due to the refraction wave and the three-dimension(3-D)problem,the result of tomography is beyond our expectation.In this paper,the condition of tomography is satisfied by correcting first break.And collapse columns are mainly detected by tomography through the refraction wave.The method and two ameliorating points for tomography in this paper are as follows:First break refraction travel time correction.According to the law of refraction propagation,the delay time of shot points and receiver points are calculated by simulated annealing method.Then,the travel time of the first break refraction can be corrected to the travel time of placing both shot points and receiver points are on the refraction interface.Add the grid density around shot points when Fast Marching Methods(FMM)is used for ray tracing to improve the stability of inversion.The models are smoothed by nine-points moving average technique for improving the results of tomography during the inversion calculating.The methods are applied to seismic data of underground roadway in a coal mine.Comparing with the results of underground Transient Electromagnetic Method(TEM)and surface 3-D seismic method,the result of collapse column being detected by tomography is better.
The geological anomalies of faults and collapse columns are mostly detected by the methods of reflection wave and channel wave when utilizing seismic exploration in the coal mine roadways.Due to the refraction wave and the three-dimension(3-D)problem,the result of tomography is beyond our expectation.In this paper,the condition of tomography is satisfied by correcting first break.And collapse columns are mainly detected by tomography through the refraction wave.The method and two ameliorating points for tomography in this paper are as follows:First break refraction travel time correction.According to the law of refraction propagation,the delay time of shot points and receiver points are calculated by simulated annealing method.Then,the travel time of the first break refraction can be corrected to the travel time of placing both shot points and receiver points are on the refraction interface.Add the grid density around shot points when Fast Marching Methods(FMM)is used for ray tracing to improve the stability of inversion.The models are smoothed by nine-points moving average technique for improving the results of tomography during the inversion calculating.The methods are applied to seismic data of underground roadway in a coal mine.Comparing with the results of underground Transient Electromagnetic Method(TEM)and surface 3-D seismic method,the result of collapse column being detected by tomography is better.
引文
[1]贾贵廷,胡宽瑢.华北型煤田陷落柱的形成及分布规律[J].中国岩溶,1989,8(4):261～267.
[2]崔若飞.利用反射波地震法探测陷落柱[J].勘察科学技术,1993(4):56～58.
[3]于昌明,石昆法,高宇平.CSAMT法在四台矿402盘区陷落柱构造探测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(2):137～147.
[4]张献民,王俊茹,刘国辉.应用高密度电法探测煤田陷落柱[J].物探与化探,1994,18(5):363～370.
[5]岳建华,刘树才,刘志新,等.巷道直流电测深在探测陷落柱中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(5):479～481.
[6]唐岱茂,刘鸿福,段鸿杰,等.氡气测量用于地表探测岩溶陷落柱的位置与范围[J].核技术,1999,22(4):223～227.
[7]杨文采,杜剑渊.煤矿陷落柱地震层析成像试验[J].物探与化探,1992,16(3):174～180.
[8]王翠华.折射静校应用研究[J].石油物探,2000,39(4):107～113.
[9]师学明,王家映.地球物理资料非线性反演方法讲座(三)模拟退火法[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(3):165～174.
[10]蒋龙聪,刘江平.模拟退火算法及其改进[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(2):135～140.
[11]常旭,刘伊克.地震正反演与成像[M].北京:华文出版社,2001.
[12]雷栋,胡祥云.地震层析成像方法综述[J].地震研究,2006,29(4):418～426.
[13]张岭.从AGU2004秋季年会看地震层析成像的进展[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):600～610.
[14]Sethian J A.Fast Marching Methods[J].SIAMReview,1999,41(2):199～235.
[15]Kimmel R,Sethian J A.Computing geodesic pathson manifolds[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1998,95:8431～8435.
[16]Vidale J E.Finite-difference calculation of travel-times in three dimensions[J].Geophysics,1990,55(5):521～526.
[17]Popovici A M,Sethian J A.3-D imaging usinghigher order fast marching traveltimes[J].Geophys-ics,2002,67(2):604～609.
[18]张双杰,朱培民,赵仁基,等.快速推进法计算精度分析及改进[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,6(3):257～265.
[2]崔若飞.利用反射波地震法探测陷落柱[J].勘察科学技术,1993(4):56～58.
[3]于昌明,石昆法,高宇平.CSAMT法在四台矿402盘区陷落柱构造探测中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(2):137～147.
[4]张献民,王俊茹,刘国辉.应用高密度电法探测煤田陷落柱[J].物探与化探,1994,18(5):363～370.
[5]岳建华,刘树才,刘志新,等.巷道直流电测深在探测陷落柱中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(5):479～481.
[6]唐岱茂,刘鸿福,段鸿杰,等.氡气测量用于地表探测岩溶陷落柱的位置与范围[J].核技术,1999,22(4):223～227.
[7]杨文采,杜剑渊.煤矿陷落柱地震层析成像试验[J].物探与化探,1992,16(3):174～180.
[8]王翠华.折射静校应用研究[J].石油物探,2000,39(4):107～113.
[9]师学明,王家映.地球物理资料非线性反演方法讲座(三)模拟退火法[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(3):165～174.
[10]蒋龙聪,刘江平.模拟退火算法及其改进[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(2):135～140.
[11]常旭,刘伊克.地震正反演与成像[M].北京:华文出版社,2001.
[12]雷栋,胡祥云.地震层析成像方法综述[J].地震研究,2006,29(4):418～426.
[13]张岭.从AGU2004秋季年会看地震层析成像的进展[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):600～610.
[14]Sethian J A.Fast Marching Methods[J].SIAMReview,1999,41(2):199～235.
[15]Kimmel R,Sethian J A.Computing geodesic pathson manifolds[J].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,1998,95:8431～8435.
[16]Vidale J E.Finite-difference calculation of travel-times in three dimensions[J].Geophysics,1990,55(5):521～526.
[17]Popovici A M,Sethian J A.3-D imaging usinghigher order fast marching traveltimes[J].Geophys-ics,2002,67(2):604～609.
[18]张双杰,朱培民,赵仁基,等.快速推进法计算精度分析及改进[J].工程地球物理学报,2009,6(3):257～265.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心