基于原地应力测量数据的中国大陆地壳上部应力状态研究
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摘要
在两个水平主应力随深度呈线性增加的前提下,通过数学推导,建立了侧压系数、水平最大与水平最小主应力之比(σH/σh)以及剪应力相对大小μm等应力参数随深度变化的关系式.在此基础上,依据中国大陆1780条二维水压致裂和应力解除的原地应力测量数据,对多个应力参数随深度的变化进行了回归分析.结果显示,中国大陆地壳浅部的侧压系数随深度的变化呈完整的双曲线形态,通过稳定性检验说明,即使缺少较深的原地应力实测数据,只要有一定数量的测试深度超过1500m的数据,仍然可以得到比较可信的侧压系数回归分析结果,在整个脆性上地壳的物性参数没有本质变化的前提下,可以利用地壳浅部的侧压系数回归分析结果推断脆性上地壳的2个水平主应力的取值范围;相对于侧压系数,在中国大陆地表以下几千米深度范围内,σH/σh和μm的变化不大,更接近线性分布,σH/σh的拟合值在1.5左右,μm的拟合值在0.2左右,并且μm的线性集中程度更好.利用μm的大小来判断活动断裂的地震危险性具有一定合理性.
On the condition that two horizontal principal stresses increase linearly with depth,expressions of stress parameters with depth,including the lateral pressure coefficients,the ratio of maximum and minimal horizontal principal stress(σH/σh),the ratio of maximum shear stress and average horizontal stress(μm),are given using a mathematical method.Then,the variations of stress parameters with depth are calculated by a fitting method according to 1780 two-dimensional in-situ stress measurements of hydraulic fracturing and overcoring.The results show that the changes of lateral pressure coefficients with depth display a hyperbolic shape in shallow crust of China mainland.The stability test indicates that even lacking deep in-situ stress data,the reliable fitting results of lateral pressure coefficients can still be obtained as long as a certain number of measurements with the least depth of 1500 meter are utilized.Under the premise that the physical parameters do not change essentially in the brittle upper crust,the range of two horizontal principal stresses can be deduced by the analysis of lateral pressure coefficients.σH/σh(about 1.5) and μm(about 0.2),especially μm,which are more stable and closer to linear distribution.It is reasonable to assess the seismic risk of active faults by using μm.
On the condition that two horizontal principal stresses increase linearly with depth,expressions of stress parameters with depth,including the lateral pressure coefficients,the ratio of maximum and minimal horizontal principal stress(σH/σh),the ratio of maximum shear stress and average horizontal stress(μm),are given using a mathematical method.Then,the variations of stress parameters with depth are calculated by a fitting method according to 1780 two-dimensional in-situ stress measurements of hydraulic fracturing and overcoring.The results show that the changes of lateral pressure coefficients with depth display a hyperbolic shape in shallow crust of China mainland.The stability test indicates that even lacking deep in-situ stress data,the reliable fitting results of lateral pressure coefficients can still be obtained as long as a certain number of measurements with the least depth of 1500 meter are utilized.Under the premise that the physical parameters do not change essentially in the brittle upper crust,the range of two horizontal principal stresses can be deduced by the analysis of lateral pressure coefficients.σH/σh(about 1.5) and μm(about 0.2),especially μm,which are more stable and closer to linear distribution.It is reasonable to assess the seismic risk of active faults by using μm.
引文
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[18]Brudy M,Zoback M D,Fuchs K,et al.Estimation of thecomplete stress tensor to 8km depth in the KTB scientificdrill holes:Implications for crustal strength.J.Geophys.Res.,1997,18(B8):18453-18475.
[19]李方全,刘光勋.我国现今地应力状态及有关问题.地震学报,1986,(8):156-171.Li F Q,Liu G X.The present state of stress in China andrelated problems.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1986,(8):156-171.
[20]Seagar J S.Pre-mining lateral pressures.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,1964,1(3):413-419.
[21]Zoback M L.First and second order patterns of stress in thelithosphere:the world stress map project.J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97(B8):11703-11728.
[22]Jaeger J C,Cook N G W,Zimmerman R W.Fundamentalsof Rock Mechanics.London:Chapman and Hall Press,1979:97.
[23]谢富仁,陈群策,崔效锋等.中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):131-136.Xie F R,Chen Q C,Cui X F,et al.Fundamental database ofcrustal stress environment in continental China.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):131-136.
[24]徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):770-781.Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Yuzo I.Regional characteristics of crustalstress field and tectonic motions in and around Chinesemainland.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):770-781.
[25]李瑞莎,崔效锋,刁桂苓等.华北北部地区现今应力场时空变化特征研究.地震学报,2008,30(6):570-580Li R S,Cui X F,Diao G L,et al.Temporal and spatialvariation of present crustal stress in northern part of NorthChina.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,30(6):570-580.
[26]田中丰,藤森帮扶,大塚成昭.地壳应力.歪の测定.观测による大地震发生の预测.地震,1998,50(2):201-208.
[27]李宏,谢富仁,刘凤秋等.乌鲁木齐市区断层附近原地应力测量研究.地震地质,2007,29(4):805-812.Li H,Xie F R,Liu F Q,et al.Studies on in-situ stressmeasurement near fault in Urumqi city.Seismology andGeology(in Chinese),2007,29(4):805-812.
[28]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计.北京:高等教育出版社,2001,12:303-305.
[2]Hast N.The state of stress in the upper part of the Earth′scrust.Tectonophysics,1969,8(3):169-211.
[3]Wyss M.Stress estimates for south America shallow anddeep earthquakes.J.Geophys.Res.,1970,75(8):1529-1544.
[4]Hast N,Kropotkin P N.The state of stress in the Earth’scrust as based on measurements in mines and on geophysicaldata.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,1972,6(4):214-218.
[5]Haimson B C.The hydrofracturing stress measuring methodand recent field results.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,1978,15(4):167-178.
[6]Gay N C.In-situ stress measurements in Southern Africa.Tectonophysics,1975,29(1-4):447-459.
[7]Browm E T,Hoek E.Technical note trends in relationshipsbetween measured in-situ stresses and depth.Int.J.RockMech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,1978,15(4):211-215.
[8]Sheorey P R.A theory for in-situ stresses in isotropic andtransversely isotropic rock.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Geomech.Abstr.,1994,31(1):23-34.
[9]高建理,丁建民,梁国平等.华北地区盆地内地壳应力随深度的变化.中国地震,1987,3(4):82-89.Gao J L,Ding J M,Liang G P,et al.Variation of crustalstress with depth in the basin of north China.EarthquakeResearch in China(in Chinese),1987,3(4):82-89.
[10]赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林等.中国地应力场分布规律统计分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1265-1271.Zhao D A,Chen Z M,Cai X L,et al.Analysis ofdistribution rule of geostress in China.Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2007,26(6):1265-1271.
[11]景锋,盛谦,张勇慧等.中国大陆浅层地壳实测地应力分布规律研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2056-2062.Jing F,Sheng Q,Zhang Y H,et al.Research on distributionrule of shallow crustal geostress in China mainland.ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),2007,26(10):2056-2062.
[12]李方全,王连捷.华北地区地应力测量.地球物理学报,1979,22(1):1-8.Li F Q,Wang L J.Stress measurements in north China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1979,22(1):1-8.
[13]Ogasawara H.Flexure of the crust estimated from in-situstress measurements and its relation to tectonics.Tectonophysics,1992,201(3-4):303-315.
[14]康红普,林健,颜立新等.山西煤矿矿区井下地应力场分布特征研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1782-1792.Kang H P,Lin J,Yan L X,et al.Study on characteristics ofunderground in-situ stress distribution in Shanxi coal miningfields.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(7):1782-1792.
[15]朱焕春,陶振宇.不同岩石中地应力分布.地震学报,1994,16(1):49-63.Zhu H C,Tao Z Y.State of in-situ stress in different rocks.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1994,16(1):49-63.
[16]薛玺成,郭怀志,马启超.岩体高地应力及其分析.水利学报,1987,(3):52-58.Xue X C,Guo H Z,Ma Q C.High ground stresses in the rockmasses and their analysis.Journalo f Hydraulic Engineering(inChinese),1987,(3):52-58.
[17]谢富仁,崔效锋,赵建涛等.中国大陆及邻区现代构造应力场分区.地球物理学报,2004,47(4):654-662.Xie F R,Cui X F,Zhao J T,et al.Regional division of therecent tectonic stress field in China and adjacent areas.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(4):654-662.
[18]Brudy M,Zoback M D,Fuchs K,et al.Estimation of thecomplete stress tensor to 8km depth in the KTB scientificdrill holes:Implications for crustal strength.J.Geophys.Res.,1997,18(B8):18453-18475.
[19]李方全,刘光勋.我国现今地应力状态及有关问题.地震学报,1986,(8):156-171.Li F Q,Liu G X.The present state of stress in China andrelated problems.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1986,(8):156-171.
[20]Seagar J S.Pre-mining lateral pressures.Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.,1964,1(3):413-419.
[21]Zoback M L.First and second order patterns of stress in thelithosphere:the world stress map project.J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97(B8):11703-11728.
[22]Jaeger J C,Cook N G W,Zimmerman R W.Fundamentalsof Rock Mechanics.London:Chapman and Hall Press,1979:97.
[23]谢富仁,陈群策,崔效锋等.中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库.地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):131-136.Xie F R,Chen Q C,Cui X F,et al.Fundamental database ofcrustal stress environment in continental China.Progress inGeophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):131-136.
[24]徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):770-781.Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Yuzo I.Regional characteristics of crustalstress field and tectonic motions in and around Chinesemainland.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):770-781.
[25]李瑞莎,崔效锋,刁桂苓等.华北北部地区现今应力场时空变化特征研究.地震学报,2008,30(6):570-580Li R S,Cui X F,Diao G L,et al.Temporal and spatialvariation of present crustal stress in northern part of NorthChina.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2008,30(6):570-580.
[26]田中丰,藤森帮扶,大塚成昭.地壳应力.歪の测定.观测による大地震发生の预测.地震,1998,50(2):201-208.
[27]李宏,谢富仁,刘凤秋等.乌鲁木齐市区断层附近原地应力测量研究.地震地质,2007,29(4):805-812.Li H,Xie F R,Liu F Q,et al.Studies on in-situ stressmeasurement near fault in Urumqi city.Seismology andGeology(in Chinese),2007,29(4):805-812.
[28]盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计.北京:高等教育出版社,2001,12:303-305.
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