南海北部陆坡神狐海域峡谷地貌形态特征与成因
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摘要
利用多波束水深及高分辨率数字单道地震测量手段,对南海北部陆坡神狐海域进行了精细地形和浅部地层结构探测,认为研究区存在4条海底峡谷及3条槽谷。其外形呈喇叭型或直线型,规模不等,长度为8～25km,宽度为1.5～4km,下切深度最大可达175m。研究区浅地层自下而上可划分为U1和U2两套层序。地层总体上以高频、强振幅、中—高连续、平行—亚平行反射地震相为主,但在峡谷区层序U2则以杂乱或低连续反射为特征。在详细分析峡谷与槽谷地貌形态及浅地层地震反射特征的基础上,对其成因进行了初步分析,研究表明神狐海域浅地层发育与天然气水合物有关的BSR及滑塌体,水合物的分解导致地层滑塌并发生塌陷,在NW向构造以及底流冲刷共同作用下,最终形成本区形态各异的峡谷及槽谷地貌。其形成时间推测为第四纪,属幼年期阶段。
Detailed interpretation of morphology and shallow stratigraphic structure were carried out base on high-resolution multi-beam water depth data and single-channel seismic profiles.Three canyons and four channels were recognized in the study area.The bird view of the shape and length of the canyons or channels vary greatly in a range of 8~25km long,1.5~4 km wide,with a maximum incised depth up to 175 m.The shallow strata of the study area can be divided to two parts from bottom to top: namely U1 and U2 respectively.The seismic reflection in general is characterized by a high frequency,strong amplitude,medium-high continuation,and parallel to sub-parallel pattern.However,the reflection in the canyon is chaotic with low continuation or even discontinued.The research result indicates that slumping was well developed in the sequence U2 in the canyons area,which has close relationship with the occurrence of gas hydrate.The canyons or channels were initially formed by the decomposition of gas hydrate and further developed under the control of NW trend faults and the erosion of bottom current.The canyons and channels were formed in Quaternary according to its shape and stratigraphic position.The results may contribute to the study of oceanic morphology and the exploration of gas hydrate in the region.
Detailed interpretation of morphology and shallow stratigraphic structure were carried out base on high-resolution multi-beam water depth data and single-channel seismic profiles.Three canyons and four channels were recognized in the study area.The bird view of the shape and length of the canyons or channels vary greatly in a range of 8~25km long,1.5~4 km wide,with a maximum incised depth up to 175 m.The shallow strata of the study area can be divided to two parts from bottom to top: namely U1 and U2 respectively.The seismic reflection in general is characterized by a high frequency,strong amplitude,medium-high continuation,and parallel to sub-parallel pattern.However,the reflection in the canyon is chaotic with low continuation or even discontinued.The research result indicates that slumping was well developed in the sequence U2 in the canyons area,which has close relationship with the occurrence of gas hydrate.The canyons or channels were initially formed by the decomposition of gas hydrate and further developed under the control of NW trend faults and the erosion of bottom current.The canyons and channels were formed in Quaternary according to its shape and stratigraphic position.The results may contribute to the study of oceanic morphology and the exploration of gas hydrate in the region.
引文
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[7]祝有海,吴必豪,卢振权.中国近海天然气水合物找矿前景[J].矿床地质,2001,20(2):172-180.[ZHU Youhai,WU Bihao,LU Zhcnquan.The prospecting for gas hydrate offshore China[J].Mineral Deposits,2001,20(2):172-180.]
[8]刘忠臣,陈义兰,丁继胜,等.东海海底地形分区特征和成因研究[J].海洋科学进展,2003,21(2):160-173.[LIUZhongchen,CHEN Yilan,DING Jisheng,et al.Study on zonedcharacteristics and formation cause of the East China Sea sub-marine topography[J].Advances in Marine Science,2003,21(2):160-173.]
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[14]姚伯初.南海的天然气水合物矿藏[J].热带海洋学报,2001,20(2):20-28.[YAO Bochu.The gas hydrate in the SouthChina Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2001,20(2):20-28.]
[15]李守军,初凤友,方银霞,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域浅地层与单道地震剖面联合解释-水合物区沉积地层特征[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(4):56-62.[LI Shoujun,CHU Fengyou,FANG Yinxia,et al.Associated interpretation of sub-bottomand single-channel seismic profiles from slope of Shenhu areain the northern South China Sea for characteristics of gas hy-drate sediment[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2010,29(4):56-62.]
[16]张光学,祝有海,梁金强,等.构造控型天然气水合物矿藏及其特征[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):605-612.[ZHANGGuangxue,ZHU Youhai,LIANG Jinqiang,et al.Tectoniccontrols on gas hydrate deposits and their characteristics[J].Geoscience,2006,20(4):605-612.]
[17]陆敬安,杨胜雄,吴能友,等.南海神狐海域天然气水合物地球物理测井评价[J].现代地质,2008,22(3):447-451.[LUJingan,YANG Shengxiong,WU Nengyou,et al.Well log-ging evaluation of gas hydrates in Shenhu area,South ChinaSea[J].Geoscience,2008,22(3):447-451.]
[18]傅宁,米立军,张功成.珠江口盆地白云凹陷烃源岩及北部油气成因[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):32-38.[FU Ning,MILijun,ZHANG Gongcheng.Source rocks and origin of oiland gas in the northern Baiyun Depression of Pearl RiverMouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):32-38.]
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[20]赵月霞,刘保华,李西双,等.东海陆坡不同类型海底峡谷的分布构造响应[J].海洋科学进展,2009,17(4):460-468.[ZHAO Yuexia,LIU Baohua,LI Xishuang,et al.Distribu-tions of different submarine canyons on the East China Seaslope and their tectonic response[J].Advances in Marine Sci-ence,2009,17(4):460-468.]
[21]刘忠臣.中国近海及邻近海域地形地貌[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:227.[LIU Zhongchen.Landform and Morphologyof Offshore and Adjacent Marine Area in China[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2005:227.]
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[23]Kolla V,Perlmutter M A.Timing of turbidity sedimentationon the Mississippi fan[J].AAPG Bulletin,1993,77(7):1129-1141.
[24]Kolla V,Macurda Jr D B.Sea-level changes and timing ofturbidity-current events in deep-sea fan systems[C]//In:Wilgus C K,Hastings B S,Kendall C G St C,et al.Sea-Level Changes:An Integrated Approach.SEPM Special Pub-lication,1988,42:381-392.
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[26]陈泓君,李文成,陈弘,等.南海北部中更新世晚期以来古海岸变迁及其地质意义[J].南海地质研究,2005:57-66.[CHEN Hongjun,LI Wencheng,CHEN Hong.Ancientcoastline transfer since late middle-Pleistocene in northernSouth China Sea and its geological significance[J].GeologicalSouth China Sea,2005:57-66.]
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